l e m e . l i b r a r y . u t o r o n t o . c a s t c 1 0 9 9 4 v e r . 1 . 0 ( 2 0 1 9 ) ¶ Here begynneth a newe tracte or trea­ tyse moost profytable for all husbande men: and very frutefull for all other persons to rede. Husbondrye ¶ To knowe the names of all partes of the plough. MEn that be no husbandes maye fortune to rede this boke that knoweth nat whiche is the plough beam / the sharebeam / the plough sheth / the plough tayle / the stylt / the rest / the sheldbrede / the fenbrede / the rough staues. The plough eare / the plough fote or coke the share / the culture or plough mall. Pera­ uenture I gyue them these names here as is vsed in my countre / and yet in other countreis they haue o­ ther names. Wherfore ye shall knowe the plogh be­ ame / is the longe tre aboue: the which is a lytell bende the sharebeam is the tre vnderneth / whervpon the share is set / the plough sheth is a thyn pease of drie wode made of oke that is set fast in a mortes in the plo­ ugh beam / & also into the sharbeam / the which is the key & the chefe bande of all the plough. The plough tayle is that the husbande holdeth in his hand & the hynder end of the ploughbeam is put in a long slyt / made in the same tayle & nat set fast / but it may ryse vp and go downe and is pynned behynde / and the same plough tayle is set fast in a mortes in the hyn­ der end of the sharbeam. The plough stylt is on the right syde of the plough / whervpon the rest is a ly­ tell pease of wode pynned fast vpon the nether ende and to the sharbeam in the forther ende / the shelbrede is a brode pease of wode fast pynned to the sheth in the forther ende / and to the vtter syde of the stylte in the hynder ende / the fenbrede is a thynne borde pyn­ ned or nayled moost commonly to the sheth in the for­ ther ende / and to the plogh tayle in the hynder ende. And the sayd shelbrede wolde come ouer the sayd sheth and fenbrede an inch / and to come past the myddes of the share made with a sharpe edge / to receyue and tourne the yerth whan the culture hath cut it. There be two ronge staues in euery plough in the hynder ende set a slope bytwene the plough tayle & the stylt to holde out and kepe the plough a brode in the hyn­ der ende / and the one lengar than the other. The plough fote is a lytell pese of wode with a croked ende set before in a mortes in the plough beam / sette fast with wedges / to driue vp and downe & it is a stay / to order of what depnesse the plough shall go. The plogh eare is made of thre peces of yron nayled fast to the right syde of the plough beam. And pore men haue a croked pese of wode pynned fast to the plough beme. The share is a pese of yron sharpe before and brode behynde a fote long made with a socket to be set on the farther ende of the sharbeame / the culture is a bende pese of yron sette in a mortes in the myd­ des of the plough beame / fastened with wedges on euery syde: & the backe therof is half an inch thycke and thre inches brode / and made kene before to cut the yerth clene / and it must be well steeled: and that shall cause the easyer draught / and the yrons to last moche lengar. The plough mall is a pese of harde wode with a pynne putte through set in the plough beame in a naugers bore. [plough] "staues" antedates the earliest OED citation (1538). ¶ The temperyng of plowes. NOw the plowes be made of dyuers maners / it is necessary for a husband to knowe howe these plowes shulde be tempred to plowe & turne clene and to make no rest balkes. A rest balke is where the plough byteth at the poynt of the culture and share and cutteth nat the grounde clene to the forowe that was plowed last before / but leueth a lytell rigge stan­ dyng bytwene / the which doth brede thistels and o­ ther wedes. All these maner of plowes shuld haue al lyke one maner of temperyng in the yrons: howbeit a man may tempar for one thyng in .ii. or thre places / as for depnes. The fote is in the settyng of the culture of a depnes is a nother / & the third is at the plough tayle: where be two wedges that be called slote wed­ ges. the one is in the slote aboue the beam / another in the sayd slote vnder the plough beam: and other whyle he wyl set both aboue or both vnderneth / but alway let hym take gode hede & kepe one general rule that the hynder end of the sharbem alway touch the erth / that it may kyll a worme / or els it goth nat tru­ ly. The temperyng to go brode & narowe is in the set­ tyng of the culture / and with the driueng of his syde wedges / forewedg / and hele wedg / which wolde be made of drie wode: & also the settyng on of his share helpeth well / and is a connyng poynt of husbandrie & mendeth & pereth moch plowyng / but it is so narow a poynt to knowe / that it is harde to make a man to vnderstande it by writyng: without he were at the operacion therof to tech men the practyue / for it must lene moch into the forowe / & the poynt may nat stande to moch vp nor downe / nor to moche into the lande nor into the forowe. Howbeit the settyng of the cul­ ture helpeth moche. Some plowes haue a bende of yron tryanglewyse / set there as the plough eare shuld be that hath thre nyckes on the farther syde: and yf he woll haue his plough to go a narowe forowe than he setteth his fote team in the nicke next to the plogh beam / and if he woll go a meyn brede he setteth it in the myddle nicke / and if he wold go a brode forowe he setteth it in the vttermast nycke. The which is a good way to kepe the brede and sone tempered / but it serueth natte the depnesse. And some men haue in stede of the plogh fote a pese of yron set vp right / they call a coke made with two or thre nickes / & that ser­ ueth for depnesse. The plowes that go with whelys haue a streit beam & may be tempred in the yron as the other be for the brede / but their moost speciall tem­ per is at the bolster where as the plough beam lyeth and that serueth both for depnes and for brede. And they be gode on euen grounde that lyeth light / but me semeth / they be fare more costly / than the other plowes And though these plowes be well tempered for one maner of grounde / that temper woll nat serue in an other maner of ground / but it must rest in the discre­ cyon of the husbande to knowe whan it goeth well. "slote wedge" appears in OED, "slot," n.2, 2a (this quotation). ¶ The necessary thynges that longeth to a plough / cart / or wayne. BVt or he begynne to plowe / he must haue his plough and his plough yron / his oxen or hor­ ses / and the geyr that longeth to them. That is to say: yokes / landes / stylkynges / wrethyng teames. And or he shall lode his corne / he must haue a wayne a cop/ yoke / a payre of sleues / a wayne rope / & a pycforke. This wayne is made of dyuers peces that woll haue great reparacion: that is to say they wheles / & those be made of nathes spokes fellies & doules / and they must be well fettred with wode or yron. And if they be yron bounden they are moche the better / & though they be the derer at the first / yet at length they be bet­ ter chepe: for a peyre of whelys yron bounde woll weare seuyn or eyght peyre of other whelys / & they go rounde and light after oxen or horses to drawe. Howbeit on mares ground and soft ground the o­ ther whelys be better: bycause they be broder on the soule / and woll nat go so depe. They must haue an axyltre clout with eight wayne cloutes of yron / two lynpines of yron in the axyltre endes / two axyll pyn­ nes of yron / or els of tough harde wode. The body of the wayn of oke / the staues / the nethar rathes / the ouer rathes / the crosse somer / the keys and pycsta­ ues. And if he go with a horse plough / than must he haue his horses / mares / or bothe / his hombers or col­ lers / holmes whyted / treyses / swyngletrees / & toge­ withes. Also a cart made of asshe bycause it is light and lyke stoffe to it / as it is to a wayne / and also a cart sadell / bacbandes / belly bandes / and a cart lad­ der behynde, whan he shall cary outher corne or kyd­ des or suche other. And in many countreis their way­ nes haue cart ladders bothe behynde and before: al ­ so an husbande must haue an axe / a hachet / a hed­ gyngbyll / a pyn nawger / a rest nawger. And how­ beit that I gyue them these names as is moost common­ ly vsed in my contrey: I knowe they haue other na­ mes in other countreis / but herby a man may perceyue many thynges longeth to husbandrie / to their great costes and charges: for the mayntenance and vphol­ dyng of the same. And many mo thynges are belon­ gyng to husbandes than these: as ye shall well par­ ceyue or I haue made an ende of this treatyse. "cop" appears to antedate the earliest citation in the OED (OED "cop," n. 4, "movable frame attached to the front of a wagon or farm cart"). ¶ To sowe Barley. It is to be knowen that there be thre maner of barleis / that is to say sprot barley / longe eyre / and bere barley that some men call bygge. Sprot barley hath a flat eyre moost commenly thre quartters of an inch brode / and thre inches longe / and the cornes be very great & white / and it is the best barley. Longe eyre hath a flat eyre halfe an inch brode and .iiii. inches & more of length but the corne is nat so great nor so white and sander it wyll growe to the otes. Beyr barley or bigge wold be sowen vpon lyght & dry grounde and hath an eyre thre inches of length or more set foure square lyke pecke whete smale cornes & lytell floure / and that is the worst barley / and .iiii. london busshels are suffi­ cient for an acre. And in some countreis they do nat sowe theyr barley tyll May / & that is moost commen­ ly vpon grauell or sandy grounde. But that barley generally is neuer so good as that / that is sowen in March. For yf it be very dry wether after it be sow­ en / that corne that lyeth aboue lieth dry and hath no moysture. And that / that lyeth vnderneth cometh vp / and whan rayne cometh than spriteth that / that lyeth aboue and often tymes it is grene whan the other is ripe / and whan it is thresshen there is mo­ che lyght corne. &c. "bere barley" antedates the earliest OED citation (1901) but see also OED, "barley malt" ("barley," n. [1488]). ¶ To sowe otes. And it is to be knowen that there be .iii. maner of otes / that is to say red othes / blake otes / and roughe otes. Red otes are the best otes / and whanne they be thresshed they be yelowe in the busshell / & very good to make otemeyle of. Blake otes are as great as they be but they haue nat so moch flowre in them / for they haue a thycker huske / & also they be nat so good to make otemeyle. The rough otes be the worst otes and it quyteth nat the cost to sowe them. They be very light and haue longe tayles wherby they wyll hang eche one to other. All these maner of otes wear the grounde very sore & maketh it to be quycche. For "rough oats," see OED, "skeg," n. 1. ¶ To knowe dyuers maners of wedes. IN the later end of May & the begynninge of Iune is tyme to wede the corne. There be dy­ uers maner of wedes / as thistyls / kedlokes / dockes / cocle drake / darnold / goldes / hadoddes / dogfenell / mathes / terre / and dyuers other small wedes. But these be they that greue moost. The thistyll is an yll wede rough & sharpe to handell / and freteth away the cornes nigh it / and causeth the sherers nat to shere clene. Kedlokes hath a lefe lyke rapes & bereth a ye­ lowe floure & is an yll wede & groweth in all maner corne & hath small coddes & groweth lyke mustarde sede. Dockes haue a brode lefe & dyuers hygh spyres & very smale sede in the toppe. Cockole hath a longe smale lefe and wyll bere .v. or .vi. floures purple co­ loure as brode as a grote & the sede is rounde & black and may well be suffred in bred corne / but nat in sede for there in is moch floure. Drake is like vnto rye tyl it begyn to sede / and it hath many sedes lyke fenell sedes and hangeth downwarde / and it may well be suffred in bredde / for there is moch floure in the sede / and it is an oppinyon that it cometh of rye. &c. Dernolde groweth vp streyght lyke an hye grasse / and hath longe sedes on eyther syde the stert & there is moch floure in that sede & groweth moch among barley / and it is sayd that it cometh of smale barley Goldes hath a short iagged lefe and groweth halfe a yarde hygh and hath a yelowe floure as brode as a grote / and is an yll wede and groweth commonly in barley and pees. Hawdod hath a blewe flower and a fewe lytell leues and hath fyue or sixe braunches flowred in the toppe / and groweth commenly in rye vpon lene grounde and doth lytell hurt. Dogfenell and mathes is both one / & in the commyng vp is lyke fenell and bereth many white floures with a yelow sede / and it is the worst wede that is / except terre / & it cometh moost commonly whan great weyt cometh shortly after the corne be sowen. Terre is the worst wede & it neuer doth apere tyll the moneth of Iune / and specially whan ther is great weyt in that mone or a lytell before / and groweth moost in rye / and it groweth like fitches / but it is moch smaler / & it wyl growe as hye as the corne & with the weyght therof it pulleth the corne flatte to the erthe and freteth the eyres away / wherfore I haue sene husbandes mowe downe the corne & it togyder / and also with sharpe hokes to repe it as they doo pees & make it dry / and than it wyll be good fodder / there be other wedes nat spoken of / as deed netels dodder / and suche other do moch harme. "cockledrake" and "drake" (in the sense of a plant) not found in OED. Possibly by "drake" is meant a species of "dragons," that is, dragonwort. ¶ To sowe whete and rye. And ye shal vnderstande that there be dyuers maners of whe­ tes. Flaxen whete hath a yelowe eyre & bare without anis / and is the brightest whete in the busshell and wyll make the whitest bredde / and it wyll were the grounde sore & is small strawe and wyll growe ve­ ry thicke / & is but small corne. Polerde whete hath no anis thicke set in the eyre & wyll soone fall out & is gretter corne and wyll make white bredde. White whete is lyke polard whete in the busshell but it hath anis / and the eyre is foure square & wyll make white bredde. And in Essexe they call flaxen whete white whete. Red whete hath a flat eyre an inch brode full of anis & is the gretest corne and the brodest blades and the gretest strawe / & wyll make white bredde & is the ruddest of coloure in the busshell. Englysshe whete hath a dunne yere fywe anis or none / & is the worst whete saue peeke whete. Peeke whete hath a red eyre full of anis thynne set & of tymes it is flyn­ tered. that is to say small corne wryngeled and dry­ ed & wyll nat make white bredde / but it wyll growe vpon colde grounde. ¶ The pockes / and remedy therfore. THe pockes apere vpon the skynne & are lyke reed pu+_mples as brod as a farthing and there wyll dye but fewe. And the remedy therfore is to han­ dell all thy shepe and to loke on euery part of theyr bodyes / and as many as ye fynde taken therwith. Put them in fresshe newe grasse and kepe them fro their felowes / and to loke his floke oft & draw them as they nede / and if it be in somer tyme wasshe them Howbeit some shepherdes haue other medicyns. ¶ The wode yuell and remedy therfore. THere is a sykenesse among shepe and is called the wode yuell / and that cometh in the spring of the yere and taketh them moost commonly in the leg­ ges or in the necke and maketh them to halte and to holde their necke a wry / & the moost part that haue that sykenesse wyll dye shortly in a day or two / the best remedy is to wasshe theym a lytell & to chaunge their grounde / and to bring them to lowe ground & freshe grasse. And that sykenesse is moost commenly on hylly grounde / ley grounde / & feerny grounde. And some men vse to let them blode vnder the eye in a vayne for the same cause. ¶ What thynges roteth shepe. IT is necessary that a shepherde shuld knowe what thyng rote shepe: that he myght kepe them the better. There is a grasse called sperewort / & hath a long narow lefe lyke a spere heed / & it wyll growe a fote hygh and bereth a yelowe floure / as brode as a penny: and it groweth alway in lowe places / where the water is vsed to stande in wynter. Another gras is called penny grasse: and groweth lowe by the erth in a marsshe grounde / and hath a leafe as brode as a penny of two pens / and neuer bereth floure. All ma­ ner of grasse that the lande flode ronneth ouer is yll for shepe: bycause of the sand and fylth that sticketh vpon it. All marres grounde and marsshe grounde is yll for shepe / the grasse that groweth vpon falow­ es is nat good for shepe / for there is moch of it wede / and oft tymes it cometh vp by the rote and that brin­ geth yerth with it / and they eate both. &c. Myldewe grasse is nat gode for shepe / and that shall ye knowe two wayes: one is by the leues on the trees in a mor­ nyng / & specially of okes. Take the leaues & put thy tong to them / and thou shalte fele lyke honny vpon theym: and also there wyll be many kelles vpon the gras / and that causeth the myldewe. Wherfore they may nat well be lette out of the folde / tyll the sonne haue domynacion to drie them away: also hunger / rote is the worst rote that can be: for there is nother good flesshe nor good skynne / and that maketh for lacke of meate. And so for hunger they eate suche as they canne fynde: and so will nat pasture shepe / for they syldome rote but with myldewes: & than wyll they haue moche talowe & flesshe / and a good skyn. also whyte sneles be yll for shepe in pastures and in falowes. There is a nother rote is called pelt rote: and that cometh of great weate / specially in wood countreis where they can nat drie. ¶ Dyuers sickenesses of cattell: and re­ medyes therfore / amd first of murren. ANd if it fortune to fall murren amon­ ge thy beestes: as god forbede / there be men ynowe can helpe them. And it cometh of a ranckenesse of blode: and appereth moost commonly first in his heed / for his heed woll swell and his eyen waxe gret and ron of water / and froth at the mouth / and than he is past remedy and woll dye shortely: for he woll neuer eate after he be syke. Than flee hym & make a depe pyt fast there as he dyeth and cast hym in: and couer hym with yerth / that no dogges may come to the caryen. For as many beestes as feleth the smell of that caryen ar likely to be infect: and take the skynne and haue it to the tanners to sell / but bringe it natte home for peryll that may fall. And it is commonly vsed and cometh of a great charyte: to take the bare heed of the same beest and put it vpon a longe pooll and set it in a hedge fast bounden to a stake by the hy way syde / that euery man that rydeth or goeth that way may se and knowe by that signe / that there is sic­ kenes of cattell in that towneshyp. And the husban­ des holde an oppynion that it shall the rather cease. And whan the beest is fleen: there as the murren doth apere bytwene the flesshe and the skyn / it woll ryse vp like a ielly and froth an ynch depe and more / and this is the remedy for the murren. Take a small cur­ ten corde and bynde it hard about the beestes necke and that woll cause the blode to come into the necke and on eyther syde of the necke there is a vayne that a man may fele with his fynger. And thanne take a blode yron and sette it streight vpon the vayne / and smyte hym blode on bothe sydes: and let hym blede the mountenance of a pynt or nigh it / and than take away the corde / and it woll staunche bledyng. And this serue all thy catell that be in that close or pastur and there shall no mo be sicke by goddes leaue. ¶ Longsaught / and reme­ dy therfore. THere is a nother maner of sickenesse among beestes: is called longesaught / and that sicke­ nesse woll endure longe / and ye shall perceyue it by his hoystinge / he woll stande moche and eate but a littel and waxe very holowe and thyn. And he woll hoyste twentie tymes in an houre: and but fewe of them do mende. The best remedy is to kepe thy ca­ tell in sondrie places: and as many as were in com­ pany with that beest that first fell sicke to lette them a lyttel blode. And there be many men that canne se­ uer them / and that is to cutte the dewelappe before / and there is a grasse that is called settergrasse. And take that grasse and bruse it a lytell in a morter / and put therof asmoche as an hennes egge into the sayd dewelappe / and se it fall natte out. Thus I haue sene vsed / and men haue thought it hath done good. ¶ Dewebolue / and the harde remedy therfore. AN other dysease amonge beestes: is called dewebolue / and that cometh whan a hungry beest is putte in a good pasture full of ranke grasse. He woll eate so moche: that his sydes wyll stande as hye as his backe bone / and outher whyle the one syde more than the other / and but fewe of them woll dye: but he may natte be dryuen hastely nor labou­ red beyng so swolen / and the substaunce of it is but wynde. And therfore he wolde rest: howbeit I haue sene a man take a knyfe and thrust hym thorowe the skynne and the flesshe two inches depe or more / sixe inchesse or more fro the rybbe bone / that the wynde may come oute. For the wynde lyeth bytwene the flesshe and the great paunche. ¶ Rysen vpon / and the re­ medy therfore. ANother dysease is called rysen vpon / and no man can tell howe nor wherof it cometh / but ye shall perceyue that by swellyng in the heed / and spe­ cially by the eyen / for they woll ron on water & close his sight & woll dye shortly within an hour or two if he be nat holpen / this is the cause of this dysease: there is a blyster rysen vnder the tonge / the which blyster must be slytte with a knyfe a crosse. Whan ye haue pulled out the tong / rubbe the blyster well with salt and take an hennes egge / and breke it in the beestes mouth shell and all & cast salte to it / and holde vp the beestes heed / that all may be swalowed downe into the body. But the brekyng of the blyster is the great helpe: and driue the beest a lytell about / & this shall saue hym by the helpe of Christ Ihesu. ¶ The tourne / and remedy therfore. THere be beestes that woll tourne about whan they eate their meate: and woll nat fede / and is great ieopardy for fal­ lyng in pyttes / dyches / or waters. And it is bycause that there is a bledder in the foreheed: bytwene the brayne pan and the bray­ nes / the which must be taken out / or els he shal ne­ uer mende but dye at length. And this is the reme­ dy / and the grettest cure that can be on a beest: take that beest and cast hym downe and bynde his foure fete togyder: and with thy thombe thrust the beest in the forheed / and where thou fyndest the softest place / there take a knyfe and cutte the skynne thre or foure inches on both sydes bytwene the hornes / and asmo­ che beneth towarde the nose / and flee it and tourne it vp and pyn it fast with a pynn. And with a knyfe cutte the brayne pan two inches brode: and thre in­ ches long / but se the knyfe go no depar than the thyc­ kenesse of the bone / for perysshinge of the brayne. Take away the bone: and than shalt thou se a bled­ der full of water .ii. inches long and more / take that out and hurt nat the brayne: and than let downe the skynne and sowe it faste there as it was before / and bynde a clothe two or thre folde vpon his forheed / to kepe it from colde and weate / tenne or twelfe dayes. And thus haue I sene many mended / but if the beest be fatte and any reasonable meate vpon hym / it is best to kyll hym for than there is but lytell losse / and yf the bledder be vnder the horne it is paste cure. A shepe woll haue turne aswell as a beest: but I haue sene none mended. &c. ¶ The warrybrede / and the re­ medy therfore. THere be beestes that wyll haue warry bredes in dyuers parties of their body and legges / and this is the remedy. Cast hym downe and bynde his foure fete togyder: and take a culture or a payre of tonges or suche an other yron and make it glowynge hote / and yf it be a longe warrybrede seyre it of harde by the body / and if it be in the beginnynge and be but flatte / thanne ley the hote yron vpon it and seyre it to the bare skynne / and it woll be hole for euer. ¶ The foule / and the reme­ dy therfore. THere be beestes that woll haue the foule / and that is bytwene the clese. Somtyme before and somtyme behynde / and it woll swell and cause hym to halt. And this is the remedy: cast hym dow­ ne and bynde his four fete togyder / and take a rope of heer or a hay rope harde writhen toguyder / and put it bytwene his cleese / and drawe the rope to and fro a good season tyll he blede well / and than lay to it softe made tarre. And bynde a cloth about it: that no myer nor grauell come bytwene the clees / and put hym in a pasture or to stande styll in a house / and he woll be shortely hole. ¶ The gout without remedy. THere be beestes that woll haue the gout / and moost commonly in the hynder fete / and woll cause hym to haulte and go starkely. And I knewe neuer man that coude helpe it or fynde remedye ther­ fore / but all onely to putte hym in good grasse and fede hym. ¶ The dysease and sorance of horses. Nowe it is to be knowen the sorance and dysea­ ses of horses: and in what partes of their bo­ dy they be / that a man may the rather perceyue them. And howebeit that it may be agayne my profet: yet I woll shewe you suche as cometh to my mynde. ¶ The lampas. ¶ In the mouth is the lampas: and is a thicke skynne full of blode / hangyng ouer his tethe aboue / that he may nat eate. ¶ The barbes. ¶ The barbes be lytell pappes in a horse mouth: & lette hym to byte / these two ben soone holpen. ¶ Mornyng of the tong. ¶ Mornyng of the tong is an yll dysease / and her­ de to be cured. ¶ Pursy. ¶ Pursy is a dysease in a horse body / and maketh hym to blowe short / and apereth at his nosethyrlles and cometh of colde and may be well mended. "pursy" is only an adjective in the OED. ¶ Broken wynded. ¶ Broken wynded is an yll dysease: and cometh of ron­ nynge or ryding ouer moche / and specially shortly after he is watred / and apereth at his nosethyrle / at his flanke / and also at his tuell: and woll nat be men­ ded / and woll moche blowe and cough. ¶ Glaunders. ¶ A glaunder is a disease that may be mended and cometh of a heate, and a soden colde / and apereth at his nosethyrlles / and bytwene his chall bones. ¶ Mornyng on the chyn. ¶ Mornyng on the chynne: is a dysease incurable / and appereth at his nose thyrlles lyke oke water. A glaunder whan it breketh is lyke matter: brokenne wynded and pursynes / is but shorte blowyng. ¶ Stranguyllion. ¶ Stranguyllion is a light dysease to cure: and a hor­ se woll be very sore sicke therof / and cometh of a cha­ fynge hote that he swete / and after it woll ryse and swell in dyuers places of his body asmoche as a man­ nes fyst / and woll breke by it self if he be kept warm or els is their ieopardy. ¶ The hawe. ¶ The hawe is a sorance in a horse eye / and is lyke a grystell and may be well cut out or els it woll haue out his eye / and that horse that hath one / hath com­ monly two. ¶ Blyndnesse. ¶ A horse woll waxe blynde with labour / and that maye be cured be tyme. ¶ Vyues. ¶ The vyues is a sorance vnder a horse eare bytwene the ouer ende of the chall bones and the necke / and ar rounde knottes bytwene the skyn and the flesshe lyke tennes balles / & if they be nat kyld they woll wax quicke / and eate the rotes of the horse eares and kyll hym. ¶ The cordes. ¶ The cordes is a thyng that woll make a horse to stumble & oft to fall / and appereth before the forther legges of the body of the horse, and may well be cu­ red in two places / and there be but fewe horses but they haue part therof. ¶ The farcyon. ¶ The farcion is an yll sorance / and may be well cu­ red in the beginnyng: and woll apere in dyuers pla­ ces of his body / and there woll ryse pymples asmoch as halfe a walnutte shell / and they woll folowe a va­ yne / and woll breke by it selfe. And as many horses as do play with hym that is sore / and gnappe of the matter that ronneth out of the sore / shall haue the same sorance within a moneth after. And therfore kepe the sicke from the hole: and yf that sorance be nat cured be tyme / he woll dye on it. ¶ A malander. ¶ A malander is an yll sorance / and may be well cu­ red for a tyme: but with yll kepynge it woll come a­ gayne. And appereth on the forther legges / in the bendyng of the kne behynde: and is like a scabbe or a scall. And some horses woll haue two on one legge within an inch togyder / and they woll make a horse to stumble / and other whyle to fall. ¶ A selander. ¶ A selander is in the bendyng of the legge behynd lyke as the malander is in the bendyng of the legge before / and is lyke a malender & may be well cured. ¶ A serewe. ¶ A serewe is an yll sorance / and is lyke a splent: but it is a lytell longer and more / and lyeth vp to the kne on the inner syde. And some horses haue a throughe serewe on bothe sydes of the legge / and that horse must nedes stumble and fall / and hard it is to be cu­ red. ¶ A splent. ¶ A splent is the lest sorance that is / that alway con­ tynueth except lampas. And many men take vpon them to mende it / and do peyre it. ¶ A ryngbone. ¶ A ryngbone is an yll sorance / and apereth before on the fote aboue the hose / as well before as behynde and woll be swolen thre inches brode and a quarter of an inche or more of hight / and the heer woll stare and waxe thynne / and woll make hym to halte / and is yll to cure if it growe long. ¶ Wyndgalles. ¶ Wyndgalles is a light sorance: and cometh of great laboure / and apereth on eyther syde of the ioyent a­ boue the fetelockes / as well before as behynde and is a lytell swolen with wynde. ¶ Morfounde. Morfounde is an yll sorance / and cometh of ridyng fast tyll he swete. And than set vp sodenly in a colde place / without lyttre and take colde on his fete / and specially before: and apereth vnder the houfe in the hert of the fote. For it woll growe downe and waxe whyte / and cromely lyke a pomes: and also it woll appere by processe by the wrincles on the houfe and the hofe before woll be thicker and more brittle than and he hadde nat be more founde / nor he shall neuer trede so boldely vpon the harde stones as he dyd be­ fore. Nor he woll nat be able to bere a man a quar­ ter of a yere or more: and with a good parynge and showyng as he ought to be he woll do gode seruyce. ¶ The coltes yuell. Coltes yuell is an yll disease: and cometh of ranke­ nes of nature and blode / and apereth in his foote for there woll he swell great and woll nat be harde / and soone cured in the beginnyng. &c. ¶ The bottes. The bottes is an yll dysease: and they lye in a horse mawe / and they be an inch long white coloured and a reed heed / and asmoche as a fyngers ende / & they be quicke and stycke fast in the mawe sydes / it ape­ reth by stampyng of the horse / or tomblyng. And in the beginnyng there is remedy ynough: and if they be natte curedd be tyme they woll eate thorowe his mawe and kyll hym. ¶ The wormes. ¶ The wormes is a light dysease and they ly in the great paunche in the belly of they horse / and they ar shinyng of colour lyke a snake / sixe inches of length great in the myddes and sharpe at bothe endes / and asmoche as a spyndell / and woll soone be kylde. ¶ Affreyd. ¶ Affrayed is an yll dysease: and cometh of great labour and ryding fast with a contynuall swete / and than sodaynly to take a great colde / his legges woll be styffe and his skynne woll sticke fast to his sydes and may be well cured. ¶ Nauylgall. ¶ Nauylgall is a sorance hurt with a saddell or with the buckle of a cropar / or suche other in the myddes of the backe / and may be lightly cured. ¶ A spauen. ¶ A spauen is an yll sorance / whervpon he woll halt and specially in the beginnyng / and apereth on the hynder legges within / and agaynst the ioyent / and it woll be a lytell swolen and harde. And some hor­ ses haue through spauen / and apereth bothe within and without / and those be yll to be cured. ¶ A curbe. ¶ A courbe is an yll sorance and maketh a horse to halt sore / & apereth vpon the hynder legges streight behynde vnder the camborell place and a lytell beneth the spauen / and woll be swolen and yuell to cure if it growe longe vpon hym. &c. ¶ The stryng hault. ¶ The strynge halt is an yll disease: and maketh hym to twytche vp his legge sodaynly / and maketh hym to hault and cometh ofte with a colde / and doth nat appere outwarde. ¶ Enterfyre. ¶ Enterfyre is a sorance: and cometh of yll shoyng and apereth oft bothe behynde and before / bytwene the fete agaynst the fete lockes / there is no remedy but good showyng. ¶ Myllettes. Myllettes is an yll sorance: and apereth in the fete lockes behynde / and causeth the heer to shede thre or foure inches of length / and a quarter of an inche in brede like as it were bare and yll to cure: but it may be parceyued / and specially in wynter tyme. ¶ The peynes. ¶ The peynes is an yll sorance: and apereth in the fete lockes / and woll swell in wynter tyme and oyse of water / and the heer woll stare and be thynne and yll to cure / but it woll be sene in wynter. ¶ Craches. ¶ Craches is a sorance woll cause a horse to haulte and cometh of yll kepyng / and apereth in the pastur­ nes lyke as the skynne were cutte ouerthwart / that a man may ley a whete strawe / & it is soone cured. ¶ Atteynt. ¶ Atteynt is a sorance that cometh of an ouerre re­ chyng if it before: and yf it be behynde it is of the tredyng of an other horse / the which may be sone cu­ red. ¶ Grauelyng. ¶ Grauelyng is an hurt woll make a horse to halt: and cometh of grauell and lytell stones that goth in bytwene the shough and the hert of the fote / and is soone mended. ¶ Acloyed. ¶ Acloyed is an hurt that cometh of yll showyng whan a smyth driueth a nayle into the quycke / the whiche woll make hym to hault / and is soone cured. "Acloyed" antedates the earliest OED citation for "accloy," n. (1673). ¶ The scabbe. ¶ There is a dysease among horses is called the scab: and it is a scorfe in dyuers places of his body. And it cometh of a pouertie and yll kepyng / and is most commonly among olde horses / and woll dye there­ vpon and may be well cured. ¶ Lowsy. ¶ There be horses that woll be lowesy: & it cometh of pouerte / colde / and yll kepyng: and it is moste com­ menly among yong horses and men take lytell hede vnto it / and yet they woll dye thervpon / and it may be soone cured. ¶ Wartes. ¶ There is a defaut in a horse that is nother sorance / hurt / nor dysease: and that is if a horse want wartes behynde / beneth the spauen place. For than he is no chapmans ware if he be wylde: but and he be tame and haue ben rydden vpon / than caueat emptor / be ware thou byer: for the byer hath both his eyen to se and his handes to handell. It is a sayeng that such a horse shulde dye sodenly / whan he hath lyued as ma­ ny yeres as the mone was dayes olde / at suche tyme as he was fooled. ¶ The dyuersite bytwene a horse maister / a corser / and a horse leche. A Horse maister is he that byeth wylde horses or coltes / or bredeth them / or selleth them agay­ ne wylde: or breketh part of them and maketh them tame / and than selleth them. A corser is he that byeth all ryden horses and selleth them agayne. The horse leche is he that taketh vpon hym to cure and mende all maner of diseases and sorances / that horses haue and whanne these thre be mette / if ye had a poticary: to make the fourth: ye myght haue suche foure that it were harde to trust the best of theym. It were also conuenyent to shewe medycens and remedyes for all these dyseases and sorances / but it wolde be to long a processe at this tyme: for it wolde be as moche as halfe this boke. And I haue not the parfet connynge nor the experyence to shewe medycens / and remedy­ es for them all. And also the horse leche wolde natte be content therwith: for it myght fortune to hurte or hynder their ocupacyon. ¶ Thus endeth the boke of husbandrie Imprinted at London in Fletestrete by Rycharde Pynson printer vnto the kynges noble grace. With priui­ lege to hym graunted by our sayd souerayne lorde the kynge.