l e m e . l i b r a r y . u t o r o n t o . c a

s t c 2 4 7 2 0

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The most excel­
lent workes of Chirurgerye,
made and set forth by maister 
Iohn Vigon, heed Chirur­
gien of our tyme in Italie, 
translated into english. 
Whereunto is added 
an exposition of 
straunge ter­
mes and 
vn­
knowen symples, be­
longyng to the 
arte.

¶ Imprynted by Edware Whyt­
church, wyth the Kynges moste
gratious priuelege for
seuen yeares.

CVM PRIVILEGIO.
Ad imprimendum
solum.

1543.












The interpreta­
tion of straunge wordes, 
vsed in the translation
of Vigon.



ABietis.  Vigo 
in one of .ii. re­
ceytes, commaun
deth to take of
abietis. z.ii. & s 
where he mea­
neth the rasyn 
of the fyrre, or 
sapyne tree.
I haue red also, that the apotecaries
call palmam Elaten, wherof, the oyle
called oleum elatinum is made, palmam a­
bietem. Palma is a date tree, & abies a
fyr tree.

Aborcement 
Aborcement, is when a chylde is
borne out of season. 

Abstersiue 
Abstersiue is that, which hath po­
wer to scoure. 

Acacia.  
Acacia is a thornie tree growyng 
in Egipt, which hathe a whyte seede
cloosed in coddes, whereout a medi­
cenal iuce is pressed. And there issueth
also a gumme out of this tree, commenly
called gumme arabike: howebeit in the
stede of true acacia, they commenlye
vse the iuce of sloes. And therfore we
haue so translated it sometymes. 

Accidentes.  
An accident is that, that maye be in
a thyng, and away from the sayd thing
the selfe same thing remaynyng styll
vndistroyed. As vehement payne may
be an aposteme, or from it, withoute
remouynge of the aposteme. It soun­
deth worde for word, chaunsyng to. 

Acetositas citri.  
I dyd translate it ones or twyse,
the soure iuce of an orenge: howebeit
the apothecaries make this syrupe with
the iuce of a citron (as they haue she­
wed me) Natheles Fuchsius techeth
that they ben both of lyke vertue and
effect. And Io. Agricola sayth that citron
signifyeth an orenge, and also a limon.
And bycause this name is doutfull, I
leue it to thy iudgement, good reader,
whether thou wylt (when thou fyn­
dest the ryndes of a cytron, or the iuce)
vnderstand an orenge or a pome citron.

Acorus.  
Brunfelsus calleth acorum wild flour
delyse.  Mainarde sayth, that he was
wont to vse calamus aromaticus in
the stede of acorus. Some take it for 
galingale. 

Adiutorie.  
They call the two bones which ex­
tende from the shulders vnto the el­
bowes, ossa adiutoria. 

Aematites.  
Hematites is a precious stone, and
hath his name of bloody colour. For
Hema in Greke signifyeth bloode. It
hath strength to heate, to thynne, and
to scoure, and it is vsyd in medicines
for the eyes. 

Agarike.  
Some say, that Agaricum is a rote,
and some affirme, that it groweth to
trees lyke todestooles. It is founde
in wylde places of Sarmatia, and al
so in Galatia, and Cilitia, and it dry­
ueth out fleame and cholere, but not
spedely. 

Agrippa.  
Agrippa is an oyntment descrybed
in Galenes antidotari. 

Albugineus.  
Albugineus is that, that pertay­
neth to the whyte of the eye. 

Alchohol.  
The barbarous auctours vse al­
chohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes
wryten) alcofoll, for moost fyne pou­
dre. 

Alchachinga.  
Alchachinga is taken for the second
kynde of nyghtshade. Plinnie calleth
it halicacabum. 





Alleluya.  
They vse thys worde, Allelu­
ya, for a kynde of thre leaued grasse,
which is soure in taste. 

Almocatim.  
The barbarous wryters calle the
nether bones of the heed Almocatim. 

Aloes.  
Aloe is the liquour of an herbe,
brought vnto vs out of India. Som
affirme, that the maner of makyng it
is this. They stampe the herbe, & draw
out the slymye iuyce, and lay it to the
fyre, tyll it boyle, and than they set it
a sunnynge, tyll it be drye. And that,
that is purest, they call succotrine, or
succocitrine, that which is in the mid­
dell, beinge lesse pure, hepaticke, and
fynally that which synketh to the bo­
tome, and is as it were the dregges,
they call Cabaline. Aloe is bytter in
taste, and of an hote and drye comple­
xion. It purgeth choler, and comfor­
teth the stomacke, and is moreouer
of greate effect in woundes. 

"succocitrine" not found in OED.



Althea.  
Dioscorides wrytteth, that Al­
thea is a kynde of wylde mallowes,
hauynge rounde leaues, and floures
lyke roses, it is commenlye taken for
holyhocke, and so I haue euer tran­
slated it. Howbeit the chirurgyens be­
yonde the see, vse marche mallowes
for Althea. 

Alumen zuccarinum. 
There bene manye kyndes of Alu­
mes: But thre bene mooste knowen,
which they communely call, Iamenum,
zuccharinum, or rotundum, and roch
alume. Alume hath vertue to bynde,
and therfore it is called Stipteria in
Greke, and it is moreouer abstersyue,
or scourynge. 

Ambrosine.  
Ambrosia is communelye taken
for wylde sage. 

"ambrosia" antedates the earliest OED citation of the herb associated with sage (1597).



Ameos.  Ameos. Ammi, in the genetiue case,
Ammeos is a whyte seede, hote, and
drye in the thyrde degre. It groweth
by the cytie of Egypte called Alexan­
dria. In stede of this herbe, some vse
the seed of cheruel. 

Amygdale.  
At the roote of the tonge, there
bene (as it were) two flesshye kernel­
les, lyke sponges, called in Greke pa­
risthmia, in latyne tonsille, and of the
later doctours amygdale, that is al­
mondes. 

Amydum.  
They corruptly vse this worde A­
mydum, for that, that is called in greke
Amylon, and it is the iuyce or mylke
of wheate steeped in water certayne
dayes, and afterwarde pressed. 

Anthera.  
Though Vigon thynketh An­
theram to be the yollowe in the myd­
dest of a rose, yet Cornelius Celsus,
sayeth that it is a composition for the
diseases of the mouthe, wherein ro­
ses entre. 

Anotamie.  
Anotamie is a Greke worde, and
sygnifyeth the cuttynge vp of a mans
bodye, or of some other thing. 

Anacardinum mel.  
They call the iuyce of anacardus
honye anacardine. And whan they
saye, that anacardus is the frute of
a tree called Pediculus Eliphantis,
whych groweth in Sicilia, and Apu­
lia. The honye or iuyce of this frute,
burneth bloode, and rooteth vp war­
tes. 

"anacardine" antedates the earliest OED citation (1585).



Animall spirites.  
Resorte to vitall spirites. 

Anodine.  
Thynges whiche are wythout
grefe, are caled in Greke, anodina.
Howbeit, Vigon vseth the word for
thynges that remoue payne. 

Antecedent.  





Antecedent. Goynge before. 

Antidota.  
Antidota are medicines to be recey­
ued within the bodye. whereof there
bene thre dyfferences. For some are
gyuen agaynst poyson, some agaynst
the styngyng of venemous beastes,
or serpentes: and some heale diseases
gathered of corrupt meates, and drin­
kes. They call a boke wherein suche
medicynes are descrybed an antido­
tarie. 

Anthos.  
Anthos in Greke, sygnifyeth a
floure, howbeit, it is communely vsed,
for the floures of rosemarye. 

Antimonium 
Antimonium is a veyne of the earth
lyke leade, howbeit, it hath this diffe­
rence from a metal. A metal melteth,
Antimonium is brayed, and wyll be
burnt rather than molten, it is colde,
and drye in the thyrde degree. And it
is put in colliries for the eyes. &c. 

Anthrax.  
Anthrax is engendred when grosse
and boylyng blood, leanyng to some
part of the body, burneth the skynne.
For Anthrax in Greke, sygnifyeth a
coole: and for the same cause it is cal­
led carbunculus in latyne, which is a
diminitiue of carbo, a coole. 

Apium risus.  
Apium risus is taken from Batro­
chion, whiche is thought to be crow­
fote, & it is called Betrachion, or ranun
culus, bicause frogges delite therin.
And therfore the later auctours cal
it apium raninum. And they say that it is
called apium risus, bycause the man
that eateth therof, dyeth laughynge.
For risus signifieth laughing. which
auctours assigne to that, that grow­
eth in Sardinia. 

Aphorisme.  
Aphorismus signifieth a distinction.

Aposteme.  
Aposteme is a passion wherein the
thynges are sondred, whiche before
were ioyned togyther. wherfore ther
remayneth an emptye space, whyche
receyueth a wyndye or moyste sub­
staunce, or bothe. And the sayde sub­
staunce fretteth the partes about, ma­
kynde roume for hym selfe. In latyne
it is called abcessus. 

Aqua gariofilata.  
Aqua gariofilata is the water of
cloues: as it appeareth in the fourthe
boke of abridgementes. Howbeit, by
cause gariofilata is commenly taken
for ieloflours, for that, that they haue
the odour of cloues called gariophili
I thynke I dyd translate it ones, the
water of iellyflours. Here ye shal note
that though gariofillata be commen­
lye taken for iellofloures, yet other
well lerned men thinke it to be Auens,
and so perchaunce I haue translated
it sometymes. 

Armoniake.  
Dioscorides, calleth that, that
Vigon calleth armoniake, ammonia­
cum, of ammos, whyche sygnifyeth
sande. For it is the lyquour of a shrub
in Aphrica, called agafyllis, whyche
falleth vpon sande, and so is found in
clottes. Ammoniacum also is a kinde
of salte founde vnder sande. 

Arcula puerorum.  
Arcula puerorum. The later wryters
of chirurgeri, vsing an arabike terme
call the blysterynges, which through
corrupt mylke, happen in the roofe of
chylderens mouthes, Alcolam. Yf this
be not the disease whiche Vigon cal­
leth arculam. I can lerne of noman what
it shulde be. 

"blystertynges" antedates the earliest OED citation (1563).



Aristologia.  
Aristolochia hathe his name of that, that 
it helpeth greatly women in labour,
for the expulsyon of the secondes.
There bene two kyndes hereof, the
male, and the female. The male is
called longe, the female, rounde.






The roote of the Female is rounde,
lyke a rape, but the male is an ynche
thycke, and a span longe. Wyllyam
Turner a man (besydes his other ler­
ning, of excellent knowlege in herbes)
shewed me that he founde this herbe
in Italye with a frute fassyoned lyke
a pere: And he gaue me seedes to set,
howbeit, they prospered not. 

The term "seconds" in this sense appears not to be in OED.



Aromatike.  
Aromata be spyces of good odour.
Aromatike is that, that hath the na­
ture and qualitie of good spyces. 

Arsenyke.  
Arsenicon is a greke worde, and is called in latyne auripigmentum, bicause
it hath the colour of golde. And it is
digged oute of mynes, and hath ver­
tue to gnawe, to bynde, to represse.
It rayseth bladders lyke fyre, and fy­
nally it roteth vp heeres, and causeth
baldnesse. Vigon vseth arsenike, and
auripigmentum for .ii. thinges: whiche
difference I fynde not in lerned aun­
cient auctours.

Aromaticum rosatum. 
Aro. ro. is a confection made of red
roses, saunders, cinamone. &c. to com­
forte the herte and the stomacke.

Arthetica.  
Arthritis is when there is weake­
nesse in all the ioyntes of the body, a
noughty humour flowing to the same.
It is caled podagra, whan the hu­
mour is in the feete, & chiragra when
it is in the handes, Ischia dica (or as
they call it) sciatica, when it is about the
huclebone, whiche is called ischion in
Greke.

Arterie.  
An arterie is the waye, passage, or
conduyct of the natural spirites, as a
veyne is the waye of bloode.

Asa.  
Asa fetida is a stynkynge gumme,
which heateth vehementlye.

Asparage.  
Asparagus is an herbe ful of braun­
ches and longe leaues lyke fenell, his
roote is greate, long, hauing a bunche.
There bene two kyndes hereof. The
garden asparage is a good meate for
the stomake, and looseth the bellye.

Assignatio.  
Assignation: appoyntynge.

Assarum bacchar.  
Some cal assarum wylde spikenarde.
Some Asarum bacchar. It is an herbe
of good odour, hauynge leaues lyke
yuye, sauynge that they ben lesse, and
rounder. The floure of this herbe is
of purple colour, wherin there are see­
des lyke the stones of grapes. Thys
herbe healeth and prouoketh vryne.
Hermolaus Barbarus teacheth that
there is a difference betwene Asarum
& Bacchar, though theyr vertues are
lyke. Ruellius sayth that Bacchar is
called in the countrie, our ladyes glo­
ues.

Aspis.  
Aspis is a venemous serpente,
whose styngyng bryngeth heuynesse
of the heed, and slepynesse.

Attractiue.  
That is called attractiue that hath
strength to drawe to a place.

Attrition.  
Attrition: wearynge asondre.

Augmentation.  
Augmentatio. Encrease.

Atramentum minerale.  
Atramentum minerale, or metallicum
groweth togyther in mynes of brasse
and semeth to be of the nature of brasse
It hath the same strength to burne,
that vitriolle Romayne hath.



Baurach.  
BAurach, is the fome of
the salte, called nitrium.
And therefore, it is cal­
led in Greke, Aphroni­
trum.





Baucia.  
The later wryters cal pastinacum,
(that is, persnepes) Bauciam.

Bedeguar.  
Serapion teacheth, that bedeguar
is that, that Dioscorides calleth spi­
nam albam which groweth in moun­
taynes, and wooddye places, wyth
rough, and pryckynge leaues, purple
leaues, and an hollowe stalke, and
whytysh in the toppe, wherof it hath
a pryckye heed.

Bechichie.  
Bechichie, I thynke they wolde
saye Bechie, that is agaynst the cough.
For Bechion sygnifyeth the cough in
Greke.

Neither "bechichie" nor "bechie" are in the OED.



Ben.  
Ben. Dioscorides calleth ben bala­
non myrepsicam, and the latynes glan­
dem vnguentariam. And the sayde au­
tour teacheth, that it is the frute of a 
tree growynge in Ethiopia, Egypt,
and Aphrica, about the bignesse of an
hasel nutte, which frute being pressed
sendeth out a liquour, which they vse
in precyous oyntmentes.

"Ben" antedates the earliest OED citation (1559).



Biarbor.  
Loke in vitis alba: for the Italians
call vitis alba, viarbor.

Bdelium.  
Bdelium is a lyquoure of a tree of
Arabie.

Bisantia.  
The pandectarie, sayth that bizan­
tia is the iuce of herbes that prouoke v­
ryne. 

"pandectarie" not found in OED.



Blacce bisantie.  
Blattebisantie ben shel fyshes found
in India in waters, by whiche spike­
narde groweth, & they eate the spyke­
narde, and therfore haue a pleasaunt
and aromaticke odoure. The smoke
hereof draweth downe the secondes 
of women, and the same rayseth them
vp, that haue the fallynge sycknesse.
The latynes call then vngues odo­
.

Bolearmenie.  
Bolearmenie is a veyne of red erth
founde in armenie.

Boras.  
Boras, other wryte it borax, and
Plinie sayth, that it is a lyquoure in
pyttes, runnyng by a veyne of golde,
and by the colde of wynter, it is har­
dened. It is called in greke chrysocol­
la, as if you wold saye, the glue of gold

Bozomus.  
This worde Bozomus is found in
no good auctour, that euer I chaun­
ced to see. Bromus in greke signifieth
the corne which we call Otes, let the
reader iudge, whether Vigon vse bo­
zomus, for bromus.

Bruscus.  
Some thynke, that Bruscus is a
wilde myrt. It hath leaues prycking
in the ende, and a frute lyke cheryes.
The latynes call it ruscum. In some
places they make besommes of it, to
swepe pauementes. I founde it En­
glysshed in an olde wrytten boke, li­
tholme. Some call it gueholme.

Neither  "litholme" nor "gueholme" appear to be in the OED.



Bubon.  
Bubon is a swellynge in the ker­
nelles. In the pestilence it is wonte
to appeare in the necke, in the flankes
and vnder the armehooles.



GAncrena.  
Gangrena is whan some parte of
the body through gret
inflammation dieth, but
is not yet perfitly deed
when it is perfytelye
deed, and without felynge: it is called
sphacelos in Greke, whiche they haue
turned to ascachillos, sideratio in la­
tyne. Some saye, that gangrena, is
whan a membre is apte to putrefye.
Ascachillos, when it is putrifyed, but
hathe not al partes of putrefaction.
Esthiomenos, when a membre hath
all degrees of putrefaction.

Camphore 






Camphora (or as some wryte it)
caphura, is a gumme of red coloure,
spottie. And it is cold, and drye in the
thyrd degree. It stoppeth blood with
vynegre, and defendeth hote aposte­
mes. &c.

Cantharides.  
Cantharides are certayne (as it
were) flyes of sondry colour, of longe
bodyes, hauynge yolowe, and croked
strakes on theyr wynges. They haue
strength to drawe heate to the ouer­
most part of the bodye, and to blystre.

Capsula cordis.  
Capsula cordis, called pericardion
in Greke, is the skynne that couereth
the herte, the skaberde or sheth of the
herte.

Caput monachi.  
Caput monachi soundeth a mon­
kes heed, and it is thought to be the
herbe which the Grecians call buph­
thalmon, that is oxe eye, and whyche
we call mayweede.

Carduus benedictus.  
Carduus benedictus: Hieromye
Tragus sayeth, that they are discey­
ued, whiche thynke that car. bene. is
groundeswel, or housleke, and he iud­
geth it to be carduus, which is a thi­
stell bearynge floures somwhat red­
der, than purple: Some cal it wolfe­
thystell.

Cassia.  
Cassia fistularis, or nigra, is a frute
longe, rounde, hollowe, conteynynge
in it a liquour congeled, which is de­
uyded by certayne spaces, as it were
with thyn peces of wood, it purgeth
boylyng colere. There groweth an o­
ther cassia in Arabie, of colour lyke co­
ral, of a pleasaunt odour, & it is called
commenly cassialignia. It healeth, dry­
eth, and byndeth. &c.

Castoreum.  
Casto. is the stone of castor, which
is a beest that lyueth partly in the wa­
ter, and partly in the earth, called of
some a beuer. Castoreum hath vertue a­
gaynst serpentes, it prouoketh nee­
synge, the floures. &c.

"castor" antedates earliest OED citation (a1549).



Cataplasma.  
Many put no dyfference betwene
cataplasma and emplastrum. Howbeit
proprelye Cataplasma is made of
grene herbes stamped, and sodden in
water, tyll they be softe: and differeth
from a playster, for they put oyle to a
plaister, after the decoction of herbes.

Catarrhus 
Catarrhus commeth of catarrheo,
whiche signifyeth to flowe downe,
to runne downe. For when an humour
descendeth from the brayne, they call
it a catarrhe, or reume.

Cataracte.  
They call it a cataract, when a slymy
humour, growen togyther lyke yse,
betwene the skynnes of the eyes, cor­
nea and coniuntiua, commeth aboute
the apple of the eye. In latyne, it is
called suffusio, in greke hypochyma.

Cauterie.  
Cauterion is an hote yron, and it
commeth of caio, causo, which sygni­
fyeth to burne. They call an actuall
cauterie, a burnte yron: a potentiall,
that, that is wythoute fyre and yron,
but hath partely lyke strength, as vn­
guentum egiptiacum. &c.

Celidonie.  
Salendine is called chelidonta,
bycause that the swallowes restore
syghte to theyr younge byrdes ther­
with. For chelidon in greke signifyeth
a swallowe.

Centorie the greater.  
Leonardus fuchsius thynketh
that, to be centaurie the greter, which
the Apothecaries call rhaponticum.
Centaurie the lesse, is called fel terre,
that is the gall of the erth, by reason
of his greate bytternesse.





Cerote.  
Ceratum hathe his name of cera, that
is waxe, for it is compounde of oiles, terebentyne and waxe.

Cerusse,  
Cerussa is made wyth stronge vin­
aygre and leade. It hath vertue to mun­
difie, and to scoure.

Charabe.  
Karabe is vsed for succinum whyche
is the gumme of a blacke poppler tre.

Chalcantum.  
Chalcantum is a congeled lyquore
founde in the mynes of brasse. The Ro­
maines bycause of the blacke coloure,
called it atramentum, and bicause that
skynners vsed it in theyr shoppes cal­
led sutrine, they added sutorium. Chal­
cos in greke soundeth brasse.

Chamepiteos.  
Chamepitys is communelye & fals­
lye taken for an herbe that groweth in
corne, of no odoure hauynge greyishe
or blewishe floures. Harman of Nue­
nar councelleth to vse saynte Iohns
worre, in stede therof. The word soun­
deth, as you wolde saye a lowe pyne
tre, and it is an herbe hauynge the lea­
ues, and sent of a pyne tre, whych Ro­
berte Recorde a man for hys singuler
lernynge, and greate trauayle in ser­
chynge of herbes ryght worthie to be
remembred, shewed vnto me, and (as
he said) he found it in an hylle in kent.
It is aboute halfe an handful hyghe, &
(as is aforsayd) it hath the semblaunce
of a pyne tre leafe, and the sauour of the
same. So that by the description it ap­
peareth to be true chamepitys.

"chamepites" not found in OED.



Cheiri.  
Some take cheiri for yelow uiolets.

Chilis.  
Chile in greke signifieth nourysh­
ment.

Chrysomela. 
Chrysomela soundeth worde for word
golden apples. The beste of thys frute
are brought oute of strinenia. They
ben good for an hote stomacke. Other
sayeth that quinces are called chryso­
mela.

Centrum galli.  
The auctour of the pandectes sayth
that centrum galli is gallitricum which
is clarie, a kynde of maydenheere but
is falselye thought to be. And he sayth
also that it is hierabotamum, that is
veruenne. Simon genuensis sayeth
that it is a greate herbe hauynge pur­
ple floures bendinge to whytnes, and
that it is called in ferraria S. Iohns
herbe. In an olde boke I founde it en­
glyshed schawort. Some thynke it to
be oculus christi.

"schawort" not found in OED.



Cicatrice.  
A cicatrice is the scarre of a wounde.

Cicers.  
A cicer is a kynde of pulse lyke pe­
sen.

Cimolia.  
Chimolia is a kynde of erth brought
out of Sardinia, Creta, and also
Spayne, It is good agaynst the bur­
nynge of fyre, & it hath vertue to bind,
and to drye.

"Cimolia" antedates earliest OED citation (1658).



Clymanum. 
Clymenon is an herbe whyche hath
a square stalke lyke a beane stalke, and
leaues lyke plantayn. A iuyce is stray­
ned out of the roote of it, whych is good
for them that spitte bloode.

Clyster.  
Clyster cometh of clyzeia, whyche
signifieth to washe. It is called also
enema of eniemi to cast in.

Collyrie.  
Collyria are medicines to be appli­
ed to the eyes. And there bene two
kyndes therof. One is liquide, & cleare
and that nowe is comunely called col­
lyrion. The other is drye, and that
they cal barbarously a Sief. In greke
the fyrst is hydrocollourion, the second,
perocollourion.





Colofonia.  
Colofonia is called pix greca, that is
greke pytch, bicause that ther is great
abundaunce therof in greke lande. It
is hote in the seconde, and drye in the
fyrste degre.

Coloquintida.  
Colocynthis is a wylde, and bytter
gourde. It hath vertue to purge. The
apothecaries call it colliquintida, for
colocynthida, in the accusatyue case.

Conioyncte.  
Conioyncte is ioyned together

Coniunctiua.  
The seuenthe skynne of the eye cal­
led in latine coniunctiua, is called in
greke epipephycoes, bycause it gro­
weth to the other tunicles, that make
vp the eye, in the outwarde parte.

Commissure.  
Commissura is when two thinges
are sette ioyned, or souldred together,
a seame.

Comune seedes.  
The hote comune seedes are these,
anise seede, perseley seede, fenell seede,
smallage seede the seede of asparage,
and bruscus. The comune colde sedes
called the greater are these, cocomber,
gourde, melon, and citron seedes. The
comune colde sedes called the lesse, are
the sedes of endiue, purselane, lactuce, 
scariole or whyte endyue.

Conglutinatiue.  
Conglutinatiue, is that, that hath
strength to glue together.

Consolidation.  
Consolidation is ioynynge or soul­
drynge together.

Contraction.  
Contraction is when a thyng is dra­
wen together.

Constrictiue.  
Constrictiue is that, that hath ver­
tue to strayne, or bynde together.

Consolida the greater. 
Consolida the greater is conferie after the
opinion of all chirurgiens. Consolida the
lesse (as Dioscorides sayeth) groweth
in stones, and hath braunches lyke or­
ganye, and toppes lyke thyme. It is
a plante all woddye, of swete tast pro­
uokynge spettell. Consolida media is
comunelye taken for dayses. Howebe­
it the chirurgiens in Flaunders take it
for dogge fenell, whyche is a weede
growynge amonge corne lyke camo­
mylle. Consolida regalis is called in
dutche Ritter sporen, that is knygh­
tes spurre, bycause it hathe a pleasaunt
blewe floure, fashioned lyke a spurre.
All these ben called consolidæ, bicause
they haue vertue to confounde, and to
glue woundes together.

Coraliine.  
Corolina is thoughte to be bryon
whyche is mosse growynge to stones in the sea, and kylleth the wormes of
chyldren.

"bryon" antedates the earliest OED citation (1597).



Cordiall.  
They call that cordial, that confor­
teth the harte.

Corrosiue.  
Corrosiue is that, whyche hath po­
wer to gnawe, and eate awaye.

Crisis.  
Crisis signifieth iudgement. Loke
in terminatio ad crisim.

Crassula.  
They make thre kyndes of crassu­
la, the greater, the lesse, and the meane.
The greater hathe thycke leaues lyke
houseleke. The lesse is vermicularis,
the meane carduus benedictus after
the comune opinion. Some call cras­
sula maior orpin, and crassula minor
stone croppe.

Cubebes.  
Cubebe are the sedes of a tree gro­
wynge in India. Whereof some bene
hote lyke pepper. Some bytter. &c.
they prouoke vrine, and breake the
stone.

Cuscuta.  





Cuscuta dodder. It wrappeth it
selfe about flaxe, and therfore it is cal­
led podagra lini that is flaxes goute.

Cyperus.  
Cyperus is a rushe of swete odour
growynge in Syria, and in the Isles
called Cyclades, the rootes whereof
are vsed in medicines to heate, and to
prouoke vrine. There is another kynd
of cyperus in India and the roote of it
is lyke gynger. It remoueth heere be­
ynge annoynted vpon one place. &c.

"Cyperus" antedates the earliest OED citation (1597).



Cyathe.  
Cyathus is a measure conteyning
in weight of wyne one ounce, thre dram­
mes, & foure siliquas. Siliqua is the
thyrde part of obolus. Obolus is half
a scruple.

Cyclaminus.  
Cyclaminus is an herbe, hauynge 
leaues lyke iuye, purple, chaungeable,
wyth whytysh spottes aboue, and be­
neth. The floure of it is lyke a rose, of
coloure enclinyng to purple. The iuce
of the stalke of thys herbe is poured
into the nose wyth honye to purge the 
heade.



Dianucum.  
DIanucum is made of
the iuyce of the ryndes
of walnuttes, and ho­
nye. They vse this me­
dicine, when humours
descende from the heade
to the brest and wesaunde.

Digestiue.  
In chirurgerie a digestiue is taken
for that, that prepareth the matter to
mundification or clensynge. Howbeit
properly digestion is, when good iuce
is distributed into al the partes of the
bodye, by the veynes.

Desiccatiue.  
Desiccatiue is that, that hathe vertue
to drye.

Dialthea.  
Dial. is a confection made of holi­
hockes.

Daigredium.  
Diacrydium is the iuyce of scamonie
howebeit it is counterfaite.

Diacyminum. 
A confection of cumine.

Diaphinicon 
Diaphoenicon is a confection made of
dates. Phoenix in greke signifieth a
date tree.

"Diaphinicon" antedates the first OED citation (1625). 



Diophoretica vis.  
Vis diaphoret. is strength to discusse.

Dianthos.  
Dianthos is a confection made wyth
floures whyche is geuen to pensiue, &
troubled personnes to cause myrth.

Diamoron. 
A confection made of mulberies.

Diapomfilicos.  
Diapompholix is the oyntmente
made of tutia. Resort to tutia.

Diacrodon. 
A confection made of roses.

Diacartamus.  Diacartamus is a confection made
of garden saffran.

Diametre.  
Diametros is a right line equallye
cuttynge a figure, where it is longest.

Didimi.  
Didimi ben the two stones. Howbe­
it Mundyne, & vigon vse this worde for
the two skinnes, which couer the stones.

Dictamnus.  
The true dictamnus groweth on­
lye in Candie. Howbeit practisians
haue founde profite in our ditany and
therfore it is to be vsed.

Dilatation.  
Dilatation is enlargynge.

Diuretike.  
Diuretike prouokynge vrine, or that
hath vertue to prouoke vrine.

Doronici.  
Doronici are litle rootes of sweete
rellise, like vnto calamus aromaticus
& they are brought from the east partes.





Dragagantum. 
Tragacantha is a brode, & a woddie
rote appearing aboue the erth, wherout
many low braunches spring, spreading
themselues al about. There cleaueth to
this rote, a gummie liquour of a bryght
colour, & somwhat swete in tast, whych
they cal comunely dragagantum.

Dregge.  
Leonardus Fuchsius thynketh that
tragea cometh of tragemata, whyche
signifieth ionkets, or dilicate meates
vsed in the ende of dinner, or supper.

Dysuria.  
Dysuria is difficultie of pyssynge.



Embroke.  
EMbroche cometh of embro­
cho, whyche signifieth to
rayne. And it is an embroca­
tion when we droppe downe liquor from an higher place, vpon some
parte of the body, as vpon the heade.

"Embroche" antedates the earliest OED citation (1585).



Elaterium.  
Elaterium is the iuce of a wild cocomber.

Elebore.  
There ben two kindes of elleborus,
namely whyte, and blacke. The white
hath leaues like plantayn, but shorter, &
blacker. The blacke hath leues lyke the
leaues of the plane tre somwhat lesse iag­
ged about. The rotes therof ben smal
thyn, & blacke, which are vsed in medi­
cines to purge melancholye.

Electuarium de daclilis  is an electu­
arie of dates.

Eliuation.  
Eleuare signifieth to lyft vp, eleua­
tion when a thinge is raysed vp.

Eminences.  
Eminentia is when a thing standeth out.

Emunctoria  ben the clensyng places,
as the flanckes, the armeholes. &c.

Emborisma.  
Emborisma is a swelling, whyche
cometh of a wounde of an arterie, when
the flesh leanynge vpon the arterie, cometh
to a cicatrice, but the vlcer of the arterie is
nether growen together, nether hath re­
ceyued a cicatrice, nor is stopped wyth
fleshe.

Epiglottis,  
Epiglottis is a lytle peece of flesh,
which cometh from the rote of the tong, & co­
uereth the toppe of the pipe, or wesaunde.

Epilepsia.  
Epilepsia is the disease comunelye
called the fallynge sycknes.

Epithema.  
Epithema cometh of epitheo, which
signifieth to lay on. And it is made of
stilled liquours, & other simples lay­
ed vpon a place wyth wete cloutes.

Epithymum.  
Some say that epithymum groweth with
out a rote, and hath as it were thinne
heeres wonde together like a botome.
The floures therof bene verye small
whyte, & lyke the floures of thyme. Mu­
fa sayth that, epithymum is as it were
redde heeres growyng about certayne 
herbes.

Eradicatiue.  
That is eradicatiue that hathe po­
wer to rote out.

Erectum  is raysed vp.

Eryngium.  
They comunelye take eryngium
for Seholme, whyche is an herbe ha­
uynge pryckes lyke a thystel, and roo­
tes swetyshe in taste, and groweth by
the sea syde.

Eschare.  
Eschara is the hardnes, or cruste that
remayneth after the burnynge of a
wounde, or vlcer.

Essare.  
Essere, or essare ben called of Pau­
lus Aegineta epenyctides, bycause
these lytle redde pushes breake out in
the nyghte season.

Estiomenos.  
Estiomenos is an eatyng sore. For
esthiomai in greke signifieth to eate Vigon





is deceyued in serching the originall of
this worde.

Ermoline.  
Ermolinus is an herbe, wherof I
haue founde nothynge wrytten. How­
be it apothecaries affirme that they
haue it.

Expulsiue.  
Expulsiue is hauyng vertue to dry out.

Eufrage.  
Eufragia hath a lytle leafe iagged
about, and a yelow floure, and bicause
it is a singuler remedie for the eyes, it
is called in greke ophthalmica.

Euforbium. 
Euphorbium is a liquoure of a tree
growing in Aphrica of vehement heat.

Excoriation.  
Excoriation is when the skynne is
chafed awaye.

Excresences,  outgrowynges.

Exituræ, outbreakynges, outgo­
ynges.

Exciccation,  dryenge.

"exsiccation" antedates the earliest OED citation (1599).



Extirpation.  
Extirpation is when a thynge is
plucked vp by the roote.

Eupatorium.  
Leonicenus thynketh eupatorium to
be agrimonie. It hath one onely stalke
woodye blackyshe, streyght, thynne,
roughe. The leaues bene lyke sincke­
foile, or hempe leaues, and it hath his
name of kyng Eupator.



Fauus.  
FAuus signifieth an ho­
nye combe, and some
tymes it is vsed for a
swellynge, whych hath 
holes in the skyn, wher­
out there is strayned a
grosse humoure lyke honye. In greke
it is called cerion.

Filius ante patrem.  
Filius ante patrem is an herbe ha­
uynge tuftes, or heades from whyche 
other braunches sprynge, bearynge
tuftes also. And therfore it is called fi­
lius ante patrem, that is, the sonne be­
fore the father, or impia that is wyc­
ked. Thys herbe is good for the quynce.

Fistula.  
Fistula is an hollowe sore, and it is
so called bycause it hath an holownes
lyke a pype. For the same cause the gre­
cians haue named it Syrynges

"Syrynges" in this sense appears not to be in OED.



fflebotomye.  
Phlebotomie signifieth the cutting 
of a veyne, or phleps is a veyne, & tho­
mos signifieth cutting, or a cut of tem­
no to cut.

Flammula.  
Flammula is spereworte.

Focilia.  
Focilia the two bones from the el­
bowe to the hande, and also the two
bones of the legges are called focilia.

Fomentation.  
Fomentum cometh a foueo to che­
ryshe bycause it cherysheth wyth hys
heate the partes of the bodye, where­
unto it is applyed. For it is called a fo­
mentation, when liquor is laied vpon
a membre wyth a sponge, or cloutes.

Formica.  
Formica is a litle excrescence, or out
growynge in the skynne, somewhat
brode aboute the botome, whych when
it is scratched causeth as it were the 
styngynge of an aunt, or pismare, and
therfore it is also called in greke myr­
mecia.

Fragmentes.  
Fragmentes are lytle peeces.

Fractures.  
Fractures are breakynges.

Froncles.  
Forunculus is a swellyng engende­
red of grosse humours, & for the moost
parte it appeareth in fleshye places.
Whan it is gathered in the skin only,
it is gentle, but when it cometh from





a deepe place, it is maligne.

Fumes.  
Fumes, is smokes, or vapours.

Furcula.  
Furcula is called of better latine men­
iugulus, or clauicula, & it is the higher
part of thorax. I cal thorax that space 
whyche is compassed on bothe the sy­
des wyth rybbes. And the nether part
of thorax is called septum transuersum.
In englyshe ingulus is called the ca­
nel bone.



Galbane.  
GAlbanum is the liquore of
a tre in Syria, whiche they
call Metopium. It is coun­
terfayted with rasine, and
ammoniake.

Gallitricum.  
Herman erle of Nuenar wryteth thus
of Callitrichon. Dioscorides (saieth
he) vnder the name of Adianthon, descri­
beth an herbe, whych is called of some
capillus Veneris, of some callitrichon
(in englyshe we call it maydenheere)
There is another kynde, which is cal­
led polytrichon, and they growe both
in weete stones, and in pyttes. Some
call polytrichon Saxifrage, & it hathe
rounde leaues, and broder then calli­
trichon. wherfore the later wryters
erre shamefully, thynkyng callitrichon
or ( as they corruptly pronounce it) gal­
litrichun to be an herbe of the garden with
greate leaues called clarie, but trew
callitrichon is capillus veneris, or mai­
denheere. Callitrichon signifieth in
greke fayreheered, polytrichon muche
heered.

"polytrichon" anedates the earliest OED citation (1550).



Gallia muscata.  
Gallia muscata is a confection made
of vnrype dates, or the ryndes of pom­
granades and muske. It comforteth the
stomake, and the lyuer, and restray­
neth vomitynge, when it cometh of a
moyste cause, Nicolas sayth that it is
made of mastike, camphore, cynomome, 
cloues, nutmigges, rose water, and
muske.

Gargarisme.  
A gargarisme is when we cause wa­
ter to bubble in our throtes, not suffe­
rynge it to go downe.

Gariofilata.  
Some take gariofilata for Auens,
some for gyllofers.

Glandules.  
Glandulæ ben kernels.

Gentiane.  
Gentiana hath his name of Gentis
the kynge of Illyrie, whyche founde
thys herbe fyrst, as some thinke. Ihon
Agricola sayeth, that a certayne olde
phisition, affirmed vnto hym, that if a man
did eate fastinge euery day a lytle of the
rote of thys herbe, it wolde preserue
helth, and kepe the senses vnhurte.

Gramen.  
Gramen called in greke agrostis is
an herbe hauynge braunches full of
knottes, or ioynctes, which crepe by the
ground, & rote themselues. The leaues
of it ben sharpe, harde, and brode.

See OED, "Agrositis," n. (first cited 1578).



Gumme elemi.  
Gummi elemi is the gumme or li­
quore of the olyue tre of Aethiopia for
Elea in Arabik signifieth an oliue tre.

Gypsum. 
Gypsum is of the nature of chaulke &
there ben many kindes of it, as Plinie
saith, which it wold be to longe to recit.

"gypsum" antedates the earliest OED citation (1646).



Gyrus solis.  Gyrus solis signifieth the compassyng of
the sunne, & they so cal the herbe heliotropi­
on, bicause his leaues turne with the decli­
nation of the sunne. Reade the next worde.



Heliotropion.  
HEliotropion is so called bi­
cause it turneth about with the
sunne. And though ther ben
many herbes that turne a­
about with the sunne, yet Dioscorides ma­
keth two kyndes therof. The fyrste he
calleth the greater, & it hath leaues lyke
basille, but that they bene whyter & grea­








ter, & a white flour, somwhat bendynge
to purple & bowed in, lyke the tayle of
a scorpion, & it groweth in roughe pla­
ces. The seconde, or lesse groweth in
maryshe places, and hath rounder lea­
ues then the other.

Herbe saynt marie.  
Vigon vseth Herbe saynt marie for
persicaria, which is thought to be ars­
smerte.

"Herbe saynt marie" not found in OED.



Herisipelas 
Herisipelas is a swellyng of hote
boylynge, and thynne bloode. Or it is
a fluxe mengled wyth bloode, and ye­
lowe cholere, beynge hoter than they
shulde be. It is called in latine ignis
persicus, thoughe Vigon make a dif­
ference of them.

Herpes.  
Herpes cometh of herpein whyche
signifieth to crepe, and it is a passion
engendred of pure yelowe cholere, with
out the admixtion of any other humour.
If the substaunce be grosse, and aygre,
it vlcereth the skynne vnto the fleshe,
& is called herpes esthiomenos, that
is eatynge or gnawynge herpes. But
yf it be thynne, and lesse aygre, it ray­
seth vp lytle pustles lyke the grayne
called milium, and therfore it is called
miliaris herpes.

Hermodactyle.  
Hermodactylus is called of some a
wilde lillie. It hath a whyte flour fa­
shioned lyke the floure of saffran, and
a round rote, lyke an oynyon. And the
sayd roote purgeth fleume, and ther­
fore is good for goutes.

Humectatiue.  
Humectatiue, moystynge.

Humiditie.  
Humiditie, moysture.

Hydromel.  
Hydromel is methe made of water,
and honye.

Hyemal.  
Hyemal is that, that pertayneth
to winter, hymen is a thinne skynne,
in maydens, and a token of their vir­
nitie. For it is broken in a woman de­
floured.

Hypericon.  
Hypericon, saynt Iohns worte.



Impetigo.  
IMpetigo is a deformitie
of the skinne, whych may lyghtly grow to a leprie.
There is another defor­
mitie of the skinne called
vitiligo, wherof ther ben
two kyndes. One is called leuce, that
is whyte, and it is nothing els, but the
chaungyng of the skynne to whytenes
beyng engendred of slymie fleame.

This disease somtymes perceth, and
rooteth it selfe so depe in the bodye that
hore heares growe out of it. Some
calle it Albaras. The other is engen­
dred as the former, but it perceth not
occupiyng onely the ouer parte of the
skynne, lyke skales whyte and blacke.
Aui. calleth this euel the morpheu.

"vitiligo" antedates the earliest OED citation (1657). "leuce" not found in OED in this sense. For "albaras," see MED.



Iamenum.  
Resorte to Alume.

Impregnatio.  
Impregnatio is whan a woman is
gotten with chylde.

Ignis persicus.  
Ignis persicus resorte to Herisipe­
las.

Inanition.  
Inanition, emptiyng.

Incision.  
Incision, cuttyng.

Induration.  
Induration, hardenyng.

Iera.  
Hiera picraGaleniis a verye good
medicine to purge grosse, and shinyng
mattier. It is made of cynamome, ma­
styke, aloes, casia. &c. hiera in greke si­
gnifieth hollye, and picra bytter.

Incarne.  





They vse incarnare, for to bryng on­ 
fleshe.

Inflatus.  
Puffed vp, swellyng.

"Inflatus" antedates first OED occurrence (a1861).



Infusion.  
Infusion, liquoure wherein some
thynge a certayne tie is steped, with
out seethynge, is called of the Apothe­
caries, infusion, other cal it dilutum.

"dilutum" antedates the first OED citation (1706). 



Insensible.  
Insensible, that feeleth not, or that
is not felte.

Inspiration.  
Inspiration is whan a man breatheth
in, or draweth in hys wynde. Respira­
tion, when he sendeth it out.

Isopus humida.  
Isopus humida shulde be thus wry­
ten, oesypus, & it is fatte gathered out
of vnwashed woulle. Here I admo­
nyshe the, good reader, that where as
thou shalt fynde in a receit these wor­
des (of the fatte of Galenes cerote cal­
led Isope) it oughte to be thus redde,
of Galenes cerote of fat called Isope,
or of Galenes cerote of Isope.

"Isope" here appears to have a different sense from that of OED "hyssop," n., or of MED, "isope," n. (1).



Ireos.  
The Apothecaries vse the genitiue
case for the nominatiue. Iris is the
roote of the flouredeluyce, when it is
put in receites.

Iua.  
Iua muscata is thought to be a kinde
of champæpitys. Loke for chamepitys.
The Germaines calle Iua or Ibiga
vergessemeinit, that is forgette me not.

Iuleb.  
Iuleb is made of stilled waters, or
of iuyces and suger.

Iuiubæ.  
Iuiubæ are frutes, whiche the lati­
nes called zizipha. Howbeit Brasauolus
saieth that they bene beries rather than
frutes. The phisicions vse them in de­
coctions for the breste.

"zizipha" antedates the earliest OED citation (1546).





Lacca.  
LAcha is a gumme or li­
quor of a tree in Arabie,
hauing a pleasaunt odour
some calle it cancamum.

Lacentes.  
Braunie synnowes.

"Braunie" in this sense antedates the earliest OED citation (1598). 



Lanciola.  
Vigo sayeth that Lanciola is hote
and drye in the fourth degre, & therfore
I thinke he meaneth speareworte Lan­
ciolata signifieth the lesse plantaine.

Lapis lazuli.  
Is a stone of blewe colour, whiche
as Dioscorides sayeth, is digged out
of brasse mynes in Cypres. The french
men calle it pierre dazur, that is the
stone of azure.

Laudanum.   Resorte to Hypoquystidos.

"Laudanum" antedates the earliest OED citation (c1602).



Lethargus.  
Lethargus is a disease which bring­
eth a merueilouse necessitye of sleeping
and forgetfulnes of al thynges, Lethe
in Greke signifieth forgetfulnes, ar­
gia, ydlenes, slouthfulnes.

Lenitiue.  
That, that soupleth is called lenitiue

Ligamentes.  
Ligamenta come of ligando, whiche
signifieth to bynde.

Lingua passerina.  
Lingua passerina is the female of 
wylde tasell. Peruse Vigon in virga
pastoris.

Lignum aloes.  
Lignum aloes otherwise called agal
lochon is a wood brought out of In­
dia, and Arabia, spottie, of stronge sa­
uoure, and somewhat bytter in taste.

Liniment.  
Liniment is an oyntment, linire sig­
nifieth to smere, to annoynte.





Litarge.  
Litargyrion, spuma argenti, that
is to saye the fome of syluer, is made
partlye of burnte syluer, and partly of
burnt leade. That whych is of yelow
coloure is called litargyrion auri, li­
targe of golde.

Local.  
They cal that local, that perteyneth
to a place, that muste be applyed vpon
some outwarde parte of the bodye.

Loch.  
Loch is vsed for an electuarie in a 
liquide fourme wyth some slymines,
that it may tarie some whyle, before it
synke in to the stomake.

Lotions.  
Lotions, washynges.

Lunaria.  
The dutch men cal lunaria moone­
kraute, that is moone worte, bycause
the leafe therof resembleth the halfe
moone. Some thynke it to be a kynde
of nyghtshade, as we haue shewed in
Manicon.

Lupines.  
Lupines is a kynde of pulse, somwhat
bytter excepte it be steeped in water.
The floure of lupines hathe vertue to
discusse, to drye, to open. &c.

Lutum sapientiæ.  
Lutum sapientiæ is made of wheate
floure, and moyste paper small toosed,
and wyth the whytes of egges bea­
ten.

Licium.  
Licium is a tree ful of pryckes, and
it beareth frute, lyke pepper, of blacke
coloure, and bytter in taste. A iuyce is
gathered out of the rootes stamped
wyth the other partes of the tre, which
is much vsed in confections.


******************************


Maculæ.  
Maculæ ben, when throughe
a strype bloode is gathered
betwene the skynnes of the
eye, litle spottes appearing
in the outwarde parte.

Malaxe.  
Malasso in greke signifieth to sof­
ten, to mollifie.

Malabathrum. 
There bene two kindes of malaba­
thrum. One is the leafe of a tree, in
Siria, whereout an oyle is strayned.
The other swymmethe vppon marys­ shes in India, without a roote. The
apothecaries calle malabathrum, fo­
lium Indie.

Malum mule.  
I thynke that malum mule, is the
kybe, called in greke cheimallon, by
cause it commeth in the wynter.

Manicon.  
There bene foure kyndes of nyght­
shade. The fyrst groweth in gardens,
and is called morrell. The seconde is
that, that is called Alkakengi. The
thyrde is called lunaria. The fourthe
manicon, bycause it bryngeth madde­
nes. For mania in greke, is madnes.

Malignitie.  
Though malignus be properlye il­
liberall, yet they take it comunelye for
wycked, mischeuous, &c.

Manna.  
Manna is a dewe thicked, and fal­
lynge in certayne places vpon trees, &
so gathered, and vsed for purgations.
It is brought from the mount libane.
Some cal it mel aerium that is honye
of the ayre.

Maturatiue.  
That, that hathe strength to rype is
called in latine maturatiuum.

Maturation.  
Maturation, rypynge.

Mesenterion.  
That parte, whych is sette in the
myddeste of the entrayles, and is tied
to the backe, is called Mesenterion, or
Mesaræon. To whych mesareon, ther
descende veynes from the gate of the
lyuer, whyche veynes the lyuer vseth 








as handes to brynge hym iuyce from
the stomake.

Mediastine.  
From the skynne that gyrdeth, and enuironeth the ribbes, there growe out
two thinne skinnes, one from the right,
and the other from the lyfte syde, which
as it were make an hedge and deuide
the middle of the bodye. And thys is
it, that they cal Mediastinum.

Marchasita.  
Marchasita is a stone wherwyth
brasse is tryed out. It is lyke brasse, &
when it is trycken, sparkes of fyre flye
out, & therfore it is called, pyrites in
greke. For pyr signifieth fyre. Thys
stone hath vertue to scour awaye such
thinges, as darken the syght.

Merdasengi.  
Merdasengi is vsed for litarge, or
burnte leade, resorte to lithargyrion.

Minerals. 
Minerals are thynges digged out
of mynes. 

Memithe.  
Some thynketh that memithe is the
iuyce of the great salendine, or celidony.
But Leo. Fuchsius, & other lerned men
affirme, that they are deceiued, & say that
it is rather glaucium, which (as Diosco­
rides) sayeth is the iuyce of an herbe
growynge about the citie hierapolis
in Syria, hauynge leaues lyke vnto
poppie, and a iuyce of yelowe coloure,
which cooleth, and is ministred in me,
dicines for the eyes.

Melissa.  
Melissa in greke signifieth a bee.
It is taken for an herbe, wherein the
bees delite. Some call it baume.

Mercurie.  
Mercurie is vsed somtyme for an
herbe of that name, and somtimes for
quyckesyluer.

Milium solis.   Lithospermon (for it is iudged to
be milium solis) hath leaues like oliue
leaues, but they bene longer and bro­
der. The braunches ben streyght, smal,
and woody. The seedes are smal, and
stonie, and beynge dronken with whyte
wyne, they breake the stone.

Milium.  
Milium is a kind of corne. It hath
vertue to coole, and to drye, & to make thynne, as some thynke.

Minium.  
Dioscorides sayth that minium is
made in Spayne of a certayne stone
mengled wyth syluersande. The payn­
ters call vermillion, whych is made of
brimstone, and quyckesyluer minium,
whiche is in dede cenabrium, or cinober.
Vigon sayth that it is made of cerusse
through burnynge. Antonius Musa
sayeth that in the veynes of quycksyl­
uer there is dygged out a clotte of red
coloure, whych hath redde dust about
it, & that duste is minium, after the sayde
auctours opinion.

Minoratiue.  
That that diminisheth or maketh lesse
they call minoratiuum.

Mirtilles.  
The seedes of myrte are comunelye
called myrtilli. Howebeit Iohn Vigon
often tymes byddeth to take the lea­
ues, and graynes of myrtilles, vsyng
myrtilles, for myrte.

Mirach.  
Vnder the vpper skynne of the bel­
lie there is another skynne, whych the
Arabians call Myrach, the latine ab­
domen, and sumen, the grecians epi­
gastrion. After the muscles of My­
rach whyche are eyght in number, there
appeareth a thynne skynne, much like
the webbes of spyders, and it is called
in Arabike Siphac, in greke peritone­
on. And when Siphac is remoued,
the caule appeareth comunelye called
zirbus in latine omentum, in Greke
epiploon.

Mitigation.  
Mitigation, swagynge.








Miuam.  
The Apothecaries saye that Miua
is a confection made wyth the iuyce
of peares, quynces, &c. to conforte the 
stomake.

Mollificatiue.  
Hauynge vertue to soften.

Mordication.  
Bytynge.

Muscilage.  
They calle Muscilaginem the flymie
sappe of the rootes of Holyhock of the
seedes of quynces. &c.

Mundificatiue.  
Hauynge vertue to clense.

Mumia.  
Iohan Vigo in hys symples recy­
teth the comune opinion of Mumia.
Howebeit other lerned men thynke it
to be Pisasphalton. Whyche name
sygnifiethe a thynge compounde of
pytche, and the Iues lyme. Dioscori­
des saythe, that by the violence of
streames it is brought frome the
mountaynes Cerauntes, and is caste
out about Apolonia, in Epeiro (whi­
che is a countre ouer agaynst Italie)
beyng congeled together lyke clottes,
hauynge the odour of pytche, mengled
wyth bitumen, whyche is a kynde of
lyme founde about those places, where
Gomorra, and Sodome stode.

Myrobalanes.  
Myrobalani, are excellent frutes
whyche are brought vnto vs, oute of
Egypte and Syria. There ben fyue
kyndes of them. One is called Citri­
num or yelowe, bycause of hys yelow
colour, whyche hath a thycke skynne
and a lytle kernel. Another is called
Indum bycause of hys blacke colour,
and it is lyke an olyue wythout ker­
nelles. The thyrd kynde is called Ce­
pulum, and it is greater, and heuier
than the other, of a duskysche redde
colour. The fourthe is Embeliticum,
or Emblicum lyke a lytle stone of the
coloure of asches. The fyfthe is Be­
letzicum, or Belliricum, whyche is
rounde lyke a pere. The yelowe pur­
geth yelowe cholere, the blacke Me­
lancholie, Cepulum purgeth fleame. &c.

Nenufar.  
NEnufar otherwyse
called Nymphæa gro­
weth in pondes, and
lyeth vpon the wa­
ter wyth brode and
thycke leaues, and a 
whyte or yelowe
floure of a pleasaunte odour. The flou­
res are vsed in medicynes chyefelye,
and they haue great vertue to koole.
The Germayne call thys herbe seeh­
bloume, that is the floure of the
lake.

Nigella.  
Nigella groweth in hedges, and
medowes, hauynge leaues lyke ground
swell, sauynge that they ben thynner.
In the toppe it hathe an heade lyke
Poppie, wherin there is a blacke
seede enclosed, whiche they dydde put
in breade in olde tyme. The Grecians
calle it Mecona agrion, that is wylde
poppie.

Nitrum.  
Salte petre.

Nodus mellinus.  
Resorte to fauus.

Nuke.  
Sometymes they calle the marye
of the backe bone Nucham, and some
tymes they vse it for the nape of the 
necke.

Nutritiue.  
Hauynge power to nourysche.

ODoriferous.  That, that 
hathe a pleasaunte sente is
called in latine Odoriferum.

Olibanum.  
A kynde of frankencense.








Omphacine.  
Omphax in Greke is an vnrype
grape, Vigo calleth oyle omphacyne,
that oyle that is made of vnrype oly­
ues.

Oppilation.  
Stoppynge.

Opoponax.  
Opoponax is a bytter iuyce of an
herbe called Panaces, and it cometh
out of Syria, and Arcadia.

Optyke.  
The two synnowes whych bryng
the vertue of seynge to the eyes ben
called Optici, of Optomay whyche
sygnifieth to see.

Orobus.  
Orobus hath a lytle stalke, & nar­
rowe leaues, and lytle seedes, whyche
are enclosed in coddes, and of those
seedes, there is made a medicinall
floure, or meale.There was an emend tag here for 'those seedes' which I removed -- didn't seem to do anything. MP

Os pectinis.  
Resorte to pecten.

Obthalmia.  
Ophthalmia is an inflammation of
the skynne of the eye called coniuncti­
ua. Ophthalmos in greke, sygnifyeth
an eye. The barborouse writters leue
out the aspiration or lettres h h, and 
turne P, into B.

Opium.  
Opium is the iuyce or lyquor of
blacke poppie.

Oppositum.  
Sette ouergaynst.

Ordeolum.  
Ordeolum is a lytle Aposteme a­
boute the bryncle of the eye lyddes,
and it is so called, bycause it is lyke a
barley corne.

Osseum.  
The purse of the stones is called
Oscheon in Greke, whereof the bar­
barous wrytters haue made Osseum,
leauynge out the aspiration that is to
saye H. and turnynge the lettre C, in
to S.

Ossa Sisamina.  
Looke in Sisamina.

Os laudæ.  
They calle the bone of the hyndre
part of the heade, whyche resembleth 
this greke lettre Λ Os laude, or barba
rousty, laude, for so the lettre is called
in greke. Looke in Pericranium.

Oximell.  
Oxymel is made of vinaygre, and
honye.

Oxirundinum.  
I thynke that they wolde saye oxi­
rodion, or Oxyrodinon, whyche is
made of vynaygre, and rooses.

Oxicroceum.  
Oxicroceum is made of vynaygre,
and Saffran.

Oxisacharum.  
Oxisachar is made of suggre, and
vynaygre.

Palea marina.  
PAlea marina sygni­
fieth the chaffe of the
sea, whereof I haue
found nothyng in any
auctour. Musa saythe
that some Apotheca­
ries in steede of a sponge vse a thynge
that is woullie wythin, whyche they
thynke to be spuma maris, that is the
fome of the saye.  The Apothecaries
haue also certayne thynges, whyche
they call balles of the sea, & are made of
the fome of the sea beaten agaynst the 
rockes, and banckes, & are verye small
as it were strawes. One of these two
Vigo meaneth by chaffe of the sea, as
I suppose.

Palliatiue.  
A cure palliatiue is, when a disease
is cloked for a ceason, not perfytlye
healed.

Panaritium.  








Panaritium is an aposteme about
the rootes of the nayles, and it is cal­
led in Greke Paronichia, in latyn re­
duuia.

Pani.  
Vigo vseth these two wordes Pa­
ni, and cicatrices for one thynge. Cica­
trices in the eyes are of two kyndes,
that whych is in the ouermoste parte
of the eye is called in Latyne Tenuis
albugo, in Greke Nephelion a lytle
cloude. That whych rooteth more de­
pely is called, crassa albugo. Thys e­
uyl is called (as I suppose) in englysh
a webbe.

Panum.  
Panum (as Celsus sayeth) is the
swellynge of a kernell, not hyghe, but
brode, where in there is a thynge lyke
a pushe, hauynge the semblaunce of
breade, wherof it hath thys name.

Pannicle.  
Pannicle, a skynne, or ryme.

Panis porcinus.  
Panis prcinus soundeth worde for
worde swynes breade, and it is so cal­
led bycause swyne delite in this herbe
Loke in Ciclaminus.

Papirus.  
Papirus is a kynde of a rushe gro­
wynge in maryshe places of Egipte.

Parietaria.  
Parietaria, hath hys name of that,
that it groweth about walles. For pa­
ries sygnifyeth a wal. The dutche men
call it saynt Peters crute, that is saynt
Peters worte, & dach and nacht that
is daye, and nyght.

Paroxismus.  
Paroxismos is the accesse, inuasi­
on, and fyrst commynge of a fieuer. It is
deryued of paroxyno whych in Greke
sygnifieth to sharpen, to styrre vp. &c.

Parotides.  
Parotides, ben apostemes aboute
the eares. Para in Greke sygnifyeth 
nygh, and ous, otos an eare.

Penidie.  
Penidie are made of the Apotheca­
ries wyth suggre wrethen lyke ropes.

Paucedinis.  
I thynke that they haue corrupte the
worde and shulde saye Peucedanum,
whych hath a stalke lyke fenell, a ye­
lowe floure, and a blacke roote full of
liquor. Some call it feniculum porci­
num that is swynes fenell. There is a
iuyce gathered out of the tender rootes
thereof, beynge cutte wyth a knyfe,
whych is good for paynes of the heade,
and for the fallynge sycknesse. &c. The
whytyshe roote called of them Meon,
or men, for that, that Vigon calleth
pauce.

Pecten.  
Pecten is vsed of Vigon, for the bone
ouer the priuie membres.

Pectorall.  
Pectorall, Pertaynyng to the brest.

Pericranium.  
Bycause that Vigon speaketh ob­
scurelye aboute the Anatomie of the
heade we thought good here to adde
somewhat. The skynne that lyeth vn­
der the fyrste skynne of the heade, and
compasseth aboute the sculle, is called
pericranium. For peri in greke sygni­
fyeth aboute, & cranion a scull. There
ben thre seames, or commyssures in the
heade. Wherof two ben ouerthwart,
of whych one is in the foreparte of the
heade called Stephanea, or corona­
lis, the other is in the hynder parte of
the heade, and is called lambdoides,
bycause it is lyke thys lettre, Λ called
lambda in greke. The thyrde is stret­
ched from the myddel of the hynder, vnto
the myddell of the former, and is cal­
led in greke Obeliaea, in latyne sagit­
tallis. The fygure of these seames re­
presenteth thys letter H. The bones,
whyche ben sette at the eares on both
sydes, bene called Petrosa, in Greke








lithoeide, bycause they bene lyke stoo­
nes. About the temples there are two
seames called in greke lepidoeides, that
is lyke scales. Whan the brayne pan
is remoued, there appere two rymes,
or thynne skynnes, called in greke me­
ninges. The more outwarde of these
two is grosser, & defendeth the brayn
that it be not hurte agaynst the sculle.
& it is called dura mater. This rime
is bored thorough aboute the bones,
called in greke Ethmoeide, for that,
that they ben perced lyke a strayner,
or syffe, and spongreide, bycause they
ben ful of bones lyke a sponge, Vigo
calleth them Basilaria. The inner
ryme ioyned euen vnto the brayne is
thynner, and weaker than the other,
and it is lyke the skynne wherwith a
chylde is wrapped, in the moothers
woumbe, and therefore the grecians
calle it Choroeide, In latine it is cal­
led tenuis membrana, and pia mater.
The brayne it selfe is deuided into .ii.
partes, the former and the hynder.
The former is greater, & softer than
the hinder, and is deuided of dura ma­
ter. The hinder brayne lyeth to the
other, and therfore the egiptians call
it Paregcephalida, the latynes, by­
cause it is lesse than the other, haue na­
med it cerebellum. The two ventri­
cles of the former brayne labour out,
and finisshe the animalle spirite, and
sende it in to the hindre brain to cause
remembrance. Wherfore it was nede
full that a passage shulde be from them
vnto the hynder brayne, some cal this
passage, the common sense, some the
third ventricle. There leneth one this
passage of the brayne, a lytle particle
or piece after the manner of a vaulte,
bounchy without, and hollowe with
in, that there may be free space to mo­
tion and mouynge. The bodye or sub­
stance that adioyneth to this passage,
where the sayde passage hath his be­
gynnyng, is called conarion in greke,
bycause it resembleth a pyne apple na­
med conos. There lye aboute in the
sydes of the sayde myddle passage,
rounde bodies or substaunces, called
in greke, Gloutia, bycause they bene
lyke the buttockes of a man, some ly­
ken them to the stones.

But ther lieth ouer the passage of the
brayne a particle, which obteyneth a
circumscription lyke vnto a woorme
engendred in wood. And therfore the
Anatomistes call that bodye or sub­
stance, that couereth the hole passage,
Excrescentiam vermicularem, that is
the worme oute growyng. There pro­
cede oute of the myddle ventricle, or
chamber, two as it were condute py­
pes, deriuyng superfluyties vnto the
roofe of the mouth, and cummyng to
an hole, called infundibulum that is a
tunnelle, bycause it is large aboue, &
strayt beneth. There ben seuen payre
of synnowes, whiche growe from the
brayne. The fyrste .ii. pertayne to the
eyes, and gyue them facultie of seyng,
these are holowe, and softer than o­
ther synnowes, and they ioyne them
selues togyther, & agayne before they
enter into the eyes, they are deuyded,
representynge this greke letter .Χ.

The other payres are declared in Vi­
go. Finally rhete mirabile, or the mer­
ueylouse nette, is made of these arte­
ries, which come into the head wher­
as they, passyng ouer the scul, meete
at the fundation of the brayne . For
there, nature hathe prepared for this
nette, as it were a chambre, beyng en­
uyroned with the hard ryme dura ma­
ter. Into whiche place not a lytle por­
tion commeth of the arteries called ca­
rotides, or head arteries, whiche ar­
teries afterwarde ben dyuided in to a
plentuous generation, and so by those
goyng as it were lattese wyse, a form
of a nette is fasshoned.








Nowe that we haue spoken suffycy­
ently of the anatomie of the heed, we
wyll also speake somewhat of the o­
ther principall membres, and fyrste
of the herte.

The herte.   The hert on both sydes, aboute
the fundament of it, hath (as it were)
eares. The ryght eare with a notable
braunche is ioyned vnto the hollowe
veyne, and vnto the ryght ventricle of
the herte. The left eare is ioyned to the
mouth of the veynie arterie (called ve­
nosa arteria) and to the left ventricle
of the hert. For the hert hath two ven­
tricles, or chambres aryght, and a lefte
chambre, and they bene deuyded, and
parted atweine, through which perti­
tion there ben holes, by which, blood
is conueyed into the left ventricle. In
eche of the ventricles, there are two
vessels. For a noble veyne entreth in­
to the ryght ventricle, which bringeth
blood from the lyuer, and distributeth
it to all the veynes within, & without
the hert. And there commeth out of the
same venticle, an arterious veyne,
which caryeth blood to the longes.
It is called arteriosa vena, bycause
that in respect of his vse, it is a veine,
but in respecte of his two tunicles, or
skynnes, it is an arterie. A veynye
arterie is planted in the left venticle,
which bringeth ayre from the longes
to the herte. And it is called venosa
arteria, bycause that yf ye regard his
vse, it is an arterie, but yf ye regarde
his tunicle or skynne which is syngle,
and one onely, it is a veyne. The grea­
test arterie of all, called aorta, the heed
spryng of all other, issueth out of this
ventricle, whereof one parte goeth to
the canell bone, and the other is wry­
thed to the backe bone.

The liuer.  
The liuer for the moste parte, is 
deuyded into fyue lappes, called lobi.
Howebeit in some it hath but two, in
some foure, in some none, but is al to­
gyther round. From the hollow parte
of the greater lappe, a lytle pype deri­
ueth cholere, to a bladder, called cistis
cholidochos, whiche hangeth by the
sayde lappes. From the bunchie part
of the liuer, there issueth the greatest
veyne of all the body, and it is called
the hollowe veyne.

The stomake.  
The inner skynne of the stomak
being thynne, hath strenygth filmes, the
outwarde whiche is grosser, hathe o­
uerthwart filmes. Fyrst, than the sto­
make draweth meate, stretchyng out
the streyght fylmes. Secondlye it re­
tayneth, and embraceth the meate be­
ing drawen in with the ouerthwart
fylmes. And it retayneth the meate
so longe, tyll by the alteratiue power
it is turned into good iuyce. Than the
stomake reserueth the beste for hys
owne noryshment, & dryueth downe
the rest vnto the guttes, and from thence
that, that is best is returned to the li­
uer, by the veynes called meseraicæ.
Howbeit that the lyuer shulde not ta­
rye to longe for hys meate, the sto­
make sendeth vnto hym in the meane
season, by lytle short veynes whyche
growe to the lyuer, and to the sto­
make the fyneste, and purest parte of
his prepared iuce.

Pessarie.  
Pessus is woll toosed, and made
rounde after the fassyon of a fynger,
wherewith medicines are receyued,
and conueyed into the matrice.

Phlegmon.  
Phlegmone besyde boylyng heate,
sygnifyeth a paynefull, redde, & harde
swellynge.

Petrolium.  
Petrolium is vsed for naphtha, which
droppeth out, of a babilonyke lyme, &
hath power to drawe fyre vnto hym,








though it be somewhat remoued.

Pilosella.  
Pilosella is founde in no lerned au­
ctour. Howbeit the later wryters de­
scrybe it to be an herbe, that groweth
in stonie and drye places, with a red
floure, and with leaues spredde vpon
the grounde, in which leaues ther ben
as it were heeres, and therfore they
haue barbarously called it pilosella,
of pilus an heere. The description a­
greeth with mouseeare, sauing in the flour
It is Englysshed in an olde wrytten
boke, hertwort. Where this herbe is
not found, some thinke it good to vse
mouseeare.

Philomum. 
Philomum is a confection so cal­
led of Philon the inuentoure of it, or
as some saye, of philos, which sygni­
fyeth a frende, bycause it is frendlye
to hym that receyueth it.

Policariam.  
The auctour of the pandectes sayth
that they vse policaria for conyza,
which is that, that the latines cal pu­
licaris, which may be called fleiwort
For pulex signifieth a fley. Ieronimus
Tragus thynketh that one kynde of pu­
licaris is arsinerte. This herbe dry­
ueth awaye fleys.

Polium montanum 
Polium montanum is a lytle shrubbe,
of whyte colour an handfull hyghe,
full of seede. In the top it hath a lytle
heed lyke the hoore heeres of a man,
smellynge strongly wyth some plea­
sauntnesse.

Polypodie.  
Some call polipodium oke ferne.
It draweth out fleame, and cholere,
but chefely melancholye.

Pori vritides.  
Vreteres ben passages, by whyche
vrine sondred from blood, is conueyed
to the bladder.

Psidia.  
They vse psidia for sidia, whiche
signifyeth the ryndes of a pomegra­
nade.

Psillium.  
Psillium hath his name of psille,
which signifyeth a fley. For the seede
of this herbe is like a fley, and is vsed
in medicines to coole. The latines al­
so call this herbe pulicaris of fleys.
It groweth nygh the see, and also in
other vntylled, and baren places.

Pthisis.  
Phthisis in Greke signifyeth wa­
styng, a consumynge sycknesse, a con­
sumption as we call it.

Pulsatiue.  
Pulsatiue. Beatynge.

Pruna.  
Pruna: a fyrye coole. Resort to an­
thrax.

Pustles.  
There ben two kyndes of pustles,
or pusches. For some pusches are
hygh, some brode. The hygher are en­
gendred of hote, and subtyle humou­
res, and cause ytchyng, and are called
of some morbilli. The brode ar lower
and come of grosse, and cold humou­
res, neither cause ytchynge, and bene
called variolæ of barbarous wryters.

Putrefactiue.   That, that hath power to rotte is
called putrefactiuum.

Pyretrum.  
Pyrethron is called in latyn herba
sauliaris, bycause it prouoketh spet­
tel merueilously, it groweth in the moun­
taynes of Italye called Alpes. How­
beit, that, that commeth out of grecelande
is hoote. It hath his name of fyrye
heate. For pyr in greke signifyeth fyre
And our worde fyre is borowed of the
grecians, by addition of this lettre H,
as the custome of the hyghe Allmay­
nes is, whose speache we vse, & make
of pyr, phyr. whereunto we haue put
of our owne, letter E, and pronounce








it phyre.

Rasceta.  
RAsceta: the barbarous
doctours call the wrest
of the hande, vnto the 
knoccles, Rascetam.

Radicall.  
Radical, belongyng
to the roote.

Realgar.  
Realgar is made of brymstone, vn­
sleked lyme, and orpigment. It kyl­
leth rattes.

Refrigeration.  
Refrigeration: coollynge.

Repletion.  
Repletion: fyllyng.

Restauration.  
Restauration: renuynge, repay­
ryng, restorynge.

Repercussiue.  
Repercussiue: that, that hath po­
wer to dryue backe.

Resolutiue.  
Resolutiue: loosynge.

Retentiue.  
Retentiue: retaynyng, holdynge
backe.

Ribes.  
Serapion sayeth, that ribes is a 
plante, hauyng great, and grene lea­
ues, redde clusters of swete taste. Io.
Agricola sayeth, that for Ribes, we
maye vse the iuyce of an orenge, or of
sorell.

Rob.  
Rob or robub, is vsed for a puri­
fyed iuce, thycked by the heate or fyre,
or of the sunne, vnto the forme of ho­
nye: Fuchsius calleth it Succum me­
dicatum.

Ruptorie.  
Ruptorie: that, that hath strength
to breake.

Salis gemme.  
SAl gemme. In
the Mountaynes
of Germanie, and
Pannonie, ther is
a salt dygged out,
whereof the whi­
test is called Sal
gemme, bycause it shyneth lyke a pre­
cyous stone.

Sanamunda.  
Sanamunda, Auens.

Sanious.  
Sanious: full of matture, fylthe,
corruption.

Sandarache.  
There ben two kyndes of Sanda­
rach, one is of the nature, of metalles
dygged out of the grounde, about hy­
panis, a ryuer of Schythia, the other
is counterfayte, made of ceruse boy­
led in a fornace.

Sanguis draconis.  
Sanguis dra. soundeth dragons
blood: for Plinie thought it to be a con­
mixtion of dragons, and Elephantes
bloode, when they fyght togyther, the
dragon being oppressed, by the fall of
the elephant. Other think that, which
we commenly vse in medicines to be the
lyquoure of a tree. And Cadamustus
sayeth, that he sawe the tree in one of
the newe found ylandes.

Sarcocoll.  
Sarcocoll is the lyquour of a tree
growynge in Persia.

Sarcoeides 
The Grecians call that Sarco­
eides, that hath the resemblaunce of
flesshe.

Sapa.  
Sapa is newe wyne sodden vn­
to the thyrde parte.

Saphatum.  
Runnynge sores, whiche perce the
skynne of chyldrens heedes with son­








dry lytle holes, wherout there commeth
a gluysh matture, and filth, ben called
of the later barbarous wryters, Sa­
phata, in Greke achores.

Sebesten.  
Sebestæ bene frutes lyke prunes,
which in Siria they strayne, and ga­
ther out a slymye liquour, wherwith
they make lyme. And for this cause
the later wryters call them myxas.
For myxa signifyeth grosse, and sly­
mye liquoure. These frutes are vsed
to quenche thyrste, and represse cho­
lere.

Scarification.  
Scarification: scorchynge, ray­
synge of the skynne.

Sclirotike.  
Sclirotike. The fyrst skynne of the
eye, which conteyneth vnder hym all
the other skinnes, & couereth, in the hin­
der parte the glassye, and cristalline
humour, is called in Greke Scleros,
and barbarouslye sclirotike, that is to
saye, harde.

Sclirosis.  
Sclerosis: hardnesse.

Scammonie.  
Scammonia is an vnknowen herbe,
the iuce of it, is vsed to purge choler,
and they call it diagredium, or discry­
dion. It is of a stronge sauour, vnple­
saunt in taste, and payneth the herte.
And therfore some wish, that it were
vsed nomore.

Scotomia.  
They shoulde saye, Scoto­
ma, and it is a disease, when darke­
nesse ryseth before the eyes, and when
all thynges seme to go round about.
Scotos in greke signifyeth darknes.
This disease is called vertigo, in la­
tyne, of turnyng about, though some
go about, to make a foolysh difference
of scotoma, and vertigo.

Semen macedonicum.  
Semen macedonicum is the seede
of the percelye, which some call mace­
donicum, bycause it groweth in Ma­
cedonia, some Hipposelinon, that is
horsepercelye, by reason of his great­
nesse, which some thynke to be alizaun­
ders. At the leest in stede of it they con­
menly vse the seede of alexanders.

Sene.  
Sena hath lytle braunches, and
the leafe of fenugreke, a thynne codde
swellynge as it were full of wynde,
wherin there is enclosed a brode, and
blacke seede lyke a pese in taste. It
purgeth fleame, and cholere.

Sephiros.  
Sephiros is an arabike worde,
and it is called in Greke scirros, in la­
tyne, durities, that is hardnesse

Serapine.   Sagapenum commenly called
Serapinum droppeth out of the stalke
of ferula, whiche ferula groweth be­
yonde the see in hoote places, and is 
lyke fenell.

Sief.  
Sief. Resort to collirie.

Sigillatiue.  
Sigillatiue: hauyng strengthe 
to seale vp.

Siler montanum. 
Siler montanum, is thoughte
to be Seseli of Massylia, which Di­
oscorides thus descrybeth Seseli.
Massyliense (sayeth he) hathe leaues
lyke fenelle, but his stalke is thycker,
the toppe or tuft of it is lyke the heed
of dyll, in which there is a longe seed,
sharpe in tast. Both the roote and the
seede do heate: and they are dronken 
agaynst the strangurie.

Sisamina ossa.  








Sisamina ossa (as the auctoure
of the Pandectes teacheth) are those
boones, whiche bene betwene the boo­
nes of the fyngers, & haue that name
of Sisamus (for so they wryte Sesa­
num) which is alytle grayne.

Sisamus.  
Sesamum is a kynde of corne.
A playstre made thereof, mollifyeth
hardenesse of synnowes, and discus­
seth grosse thynges retayned in them
Of the seede of Sesamum, there is
an oyle made, called, Oleum sesami­
num.

Serpillum.  
There ben two kyndes of Ser­
pillum: the one is garden Serpillum,
and the other wylde Serpillum.
The garden Serpillum, smellethe 
lyke Maioram, and it is so called of
crepynge, for serpere sygnifyeth to
crepe. The wylde Serpillum cre­
peth not, but groweth on hyghe, and
it hathe lytle stalkes fulle of slyppes,
wyth leaues longer, and harder than
Rue, the floures thereof smelle plea­
sauntlye. The Dutche men call Ser­
pillum Onser vrowen betscroo, that
is our ladyes bedstrawe.

Sirsen.  
Sirsen is a barbarouse terme,
and as the barborous wryters saye,
it signifyeth the phransye.

Septum transuersum.  
Where the false rybbes ende in a
greate grystell, there groweth a gret
and rounde muscle, whyche the Gre­
cyans calle diaphragma, the latynes
Septum transuersum: And Plinie,
Precordia.

Scrophules.  
Scrophulæ bene hardened ker­
nelles engendred in the necke, arme­
holes, and in the flankes.

Squylliticke vinaygre.  
Squilliticke vyneaygre is made
with the rootes of the greate oynion
called squylla, or Scylla dryed, and
with vynaygre.

Smaralde.  
The auctour of the Pandectes
sayeth, that Smaraldus is a stoone
of greene coloure, perchaunce they
meane the precyous stoone, called a
smaragde.

Soldanella.  
Musa sayeth, that Soldanel­
la is Brassica marina, as yf you
wolde saye, sea cole wortes. It hathe
leaues lyke Aristolochia the rounde,
and groweth by the sea syde. The pou­
der thereof (as Musa sayeth, he hath
proued) is merueylous good for the
hydropsye.

Spasme.  
Spasmus commeth of Spao,
whyche signifyeth to drawe. For it
is the contraction or drawynge togy­
ther of the synnowes, whyche payne
we call the crampe.

Spelta.  
Spelta is a grayne lyke barlye.
It is good for flymynesse of the lon­
ges, and of the brest, and it easeth the
cough.

Spodium.  
Spodium: Resorte to Tutia.

Solution of continuitie.  








Solution of continuitie is whan
those partes ben sondred, whiche be­
fore were ioyned togyther.

Staphisagria.  
Staphis agria soundeth a wylde
grape, and it hath that name bycause 
the leafe of it is lyke a vyne. The seed
is vsed in medicines, to drawe oute
fleame.

Spondylia.  
Spondylia are the knottes, or
ioyntes in the backe bone.

Squinantum.  
It shulde be wrytten, schoenan­
thos. For schoenos signifyeth a rush,
and Anthos a floure. Howebeit the
strawe onelye is brought vnto vs.
Schoenanthos in Arabie is the meate
of camelles, it prouoketh vryne, and
raseth the strangurie.

Squinantia.  
They haue turned cynanche, or
synanche into squinantia. Synanche
is an inflammation of the throote,
whyche we call the quynce, and it com­
meth of sinangchein. which signifieth 
to choke. For in this disease there is
greate daunger of chokyng.

"sinangchein" not found in OED.



Sticados.  
Sticas, or stoecas, boroweth
hys name of the Islees, whiche lye
ouer agaynste Massilia in Fraunce,
and are called stoecades, bicause that
in those places, it groweth plenteou­
sly. This herbe is smal, and schrubby,
and hathe leues lyke thyme, sauynge,
that they bene lesse: The taste of it is
sharpe, with some bytternesse. A deco­
ction of this herbe is good for the dis­
ease of the brest.

Storax.  
Storax liquida is that, that o­
ther call stacte of Stazein, which sy­
gnifyeth to droppe, and it is the fatte
of newe myrrhe stamped in a lytle
water, and pressed out with an instru­
ment. Howbeit, Plinie sayeth that it
sweateth out of myrrhe by his owne
accorde. There is an other kynde of
storax, or styrax, which is the liquour
of a tre lyke a quynce tree.

Sublimate.  
Argentum sublimatum is made
of Chalcantum, quycksyluer, vyne­
gre, and sal armoniake.

Stoupes.  
Stupæ be the stalkes of flax being
pylled. The chiurgyens vse the name
sometymes for hurdes, and somety­
mes for lynnen cloutes.

Sugre candie of a syrupe.  
That, that groweth togyther,
and becommeth harde in a syrupe, they
call sugre candie. &c.

Sugre taberzet.  
Sugre taberzet is fyne whyte su­
gre, and it is so called, bycause it is
made in a countrie named Taberzet,
as the pandectarie sayth.

Sumach.  
The olde wryters, called Su­
mach Rhos, and it was vsed moche
of skynners, and now it is vsed in
medycynes. The Egiptians and Sy­
ryans vse the seed of this tree in their
byscatte, or shyppe breed.

Superficiall.  
The vppermoost parte of a thyng
is called superficies.

Suppositorium.  
Suppositorium commeth of sup­
ponere, which signifieth to put vnder
It is called more elegantly, glans.








Suppuration.  
Suppuration: when a thynge
commeth to matture and rottennesse.

Stiptike.  
Stiptike: byndynge.

Stupefactiue.  
Stupefactiue: That, that hathe
strength to astoynie, and take awaye
felynge.

Syrupe de duabus radicibus.  
A syrupe of two rootes, that is
of percelye and fenell.

Syrynges.  
Syryngx signifyeth a pype or
spoute.

Tamarindi. 
TAmarindi, or Oxy­
phoenica, bene the
fruytes of a wylde
date tree, and bene
called of the Greci­
ans Oxyphoenica,
bycause of their ay­
gre taste. For oxys signifyeth tarte &
aygre, and phoenix a date tree. They
grow plenteously in India, and they
purge yellowe cholere.

Tartar.  
Tartar: the lyes of wyne.

Tapsus barbatus.  
Tapsus barbatus, or (as some
wryte it) Tassus barbassus, in latine
Verbascum, is the herbe that we call
Moleyne in Englysshe. The Germai­
nes call it vnulkraute, that is wolle­
worte, for candelles in some places
bene made therwith. For which cause
it is also called in Greke Lychinitis,
for lychnos, (where of perchaunce
oure worde lyght commeth) signify­
eth a candell in Greke.

Tendons.  
Pollux sayeth that tenontes, or
tendines, are brode synnowes, exten­
ded from the hamme, to the heele.
They are also two synowes passyng
by the necke, wythout the which, the
necke coulde not be turned ne sustay­
ned.

Tenasmos.  
Tenesmos is whan a man hath
greate prouocation to the seege, but
can do nothynge. It commeth of tei­
nein, which signifyeth to stretche.

Tension.  
Tension: stretchynge.

Terra sigillata.  
Terra sigillata is an earth dyg­
ged out of certayne caues in the Is­
le Lemnos. And bycause it was sent
from thence beinge sealed, it was cal­
led Sigillata. Some thynke, that
we haue not the thynge, thoughe we
retayne the name.

Terebentine.  
Mainarde sayeth, that the true
Terebinthina was broughte oute of
the Isle called Chios, and out of Li­
bia, and Pontus: But nowe in the
stede of it, we vse Rhasyne of the fyr,
or sapyne tree.

Terminatio ad crisim.  
Crisis sygnifyeth iudgemente,
and in thys case, it is vsed for a so­
dayne chaunge in a disease. Thys
chaunge is wonte to happen foure
maner of wayes. For eyther the pa­
tient is immedyatly delyuered of hys
disease, or is moche better at ease, or
dyeth incontynentlye, or becommeth
moche worse.








The fyrst of these chaunges is called
Crisis, the seconde Elleipes that is
wantynge, the thyrde cace, that is e­
uyll, the fourth ateles, that vnper­
fyte. Hereafter it appeareth, that those
chaunges which happen by litle and 
lytle, are not properly called Crises,
but lises, that is solutions, or loosin­
ges.

Trachea arteria.  
The wesaunde pype is called,
Trachea, bycause it is rough.

Transuersalis.  
Transuersalis: crosseouer.

Trifera.  
Trifera is an electuarie, made
of myrobalanes, gynger, cloues. &c.
for wyndynesse, rawe humours. &c.

Trociskes.  
Trochiscos in Greke, is a lytle
whele. Amonge the apothecaries, it
is a confection made of sondrye pou­
ders and spyces, by the mene of some
lyquoure. In latyne they call it Pa­
stillum.

Tunecis.  
Some thynke that Tunici, is
the herbe, that dioscorides calleth po­
lemonium, and some take it for the
floures of gillofloures. Polemoni­
um, after Dioscorides descryption,
hath leaues lytle bygger than Rue,
but longer. In the toppe of hys
braunches it hath (as it were) Iuye
berryes, in whyche there is a blacke
seede. The roote is dronken with wyne
agaynst venyme.

Tutia.  
Tutia is called in Greke, Pom­
pholix, that is to saye, a bubble. For
it is that, that bubbleth vp in brasse,
whan it is boyled, and cleueth to the
sydes, or couer of the fornace. And
that, that synketh, and is (as it were)
the asshes of boyled brasse, is called
Spodium. For spodos in Greke sy­
gnifyeth the dust and asshes, wherof
spodion is a diminuatiue.

Turbith.  
Musa sayeth, that Turbith is
the seconde kynde of spurge. Some
thynke, that Turbith is taken out of
a plant, whyche hath leaues lyke the
leaues of the myrte tree.

Varices.  
VArix is the swel­
lynge of a veyne,
somtymes in the
temples, some­
tyme in the base
parte of the belly,
somtymes about
the stones, but chefelye about the leg­
ges.

Ventoses.  
They vse this worde Ventosa
for Cucurbicula, that is a cuppynge
or boxynge glasse.

Ventricles.  
Ventricles: Lytle (as it were)
mawes, chambres, holes.

Vermicularis.  
Vermicularis: the lesse housleke
it groweth vpon houses. 

Vesicatorie.  
Vesicatorie: Bladderynge, bly­
sterynge.

Viscum.  
One kynde of Viscum is byrde­
lyme, made of honye, and oyle. An o­
ther kynde is called Damascene, and
commeth from Damasco. Mystel­
towe also is called Viscum.

Vlcers.  
Vlcers. Sores.








Volubilis.  
There ben many kyndes of volubi­
lis, one hathe whyte floures lyke bel­
les, and wrappeth it self in hedges. A­
nother crepeth on the grounde, & wyn­
deth it self aboute herbes. The ger­
maines call volubilos winde, bycause
(I thynke) it wyndeth, and wrappeth
it selfe aboute bushes or herbes. I
founde it englished in an olde wrytten
boke hyehone.

Vitis alba.  
Vitis alba hath leaues, and braun­
ches like a set vine, and twyneth it self
aboute brambles, wyth hys tendrel­
les, as a vine byndeth it selfe to trees,
and it hathe clusters of redde coloure
lyke grapes, wherwyth men were
wonte to courie skynnes. The name
soundeth a white vine, and it is called
moreouer brionia. There is another
called nigra vitis, or a blacke vine, & it
hath leaues like yuie, & catcheth trees,
which grow nigh vnto him, with his
tendrelles, it beareth clusters, fyrste
grene, and afterwarde blacke, when
they ben rype, and it is called in latine
bryonia nigra, and vua tamina.

Vngula.  
Vngula is a sinnowye eminence of
the skynne of the eye called coniuncti­
ua, beginning at the greater corner of
the eye, and procedyng vnto the apple
of the eye, and when it is increased, it
couereth the apple also.

Vndimia.  
Vndimia is abarbarouse terme, in
greke it is called oedema, in latine tu­
mor. For it is a softe swellynge wyth­
out payne.

Vital spirites.  
A spirite is a subtile, fyne, aerye,
and cleare substaunce, produced of the
thynnest, and fynest parte of bloode,
that vertue, and strength maye be ca­
ried from the principal parte to the rest.
The physitions teache that there ben
thre kindes of spirites, animal, vital, &
naturall. The animal spirite hath his
seate in the brayne, and is spredde in
to all the bodye by synnowes, gyuyng
facultie of mouynge, and felynge. It
is called animal, bycause it is the first
instrument of the soule, whych the la­
tines call animam. And it is ingendred
of the vital spirite caried vp thither by
arteries, and there more parfectly di­
gested, and elaboured. For whyche pur­
pose nature made the merueylouse nette
in the brayne, as it were a chaungea­
ble, and manifolde mase. The vital spi­
rite is conteyned in the harte, and is
caried to the partes of the bodye, to
cause naturall heate. It is engendred
of inspiration, and of exhalation, or
outbreathinge of bloode. The natural
spirite dwelleth in the lyuer, and in the
veynes. Howbeit some alowe not the
addition of this spirite, beyng conten­
ted wyth the other two. Nowe that
we haue declared the spirites, we wil
speake somewhat of the natural facul­
ties. There ben thre faculties (I call a
facultie the cause wherof action or do
ynge procedeth) whych gouerne man,
and are distributed to the hole bodye,
as it were from an hedspringe, name­
ly animal, vital, and natural. The ani­
mal facultie is that, whyche sendeth fe­
lynge, and mouynge vnto al the bodie
from the brayne by sinnowes, as it
were by lytle pypes, or conduytes, &
moreouer it nourisheth vnderstanding,
& therfore the Grecians cal it logistice.
The vital facultie gyueth lyfe from the
harte by arteries vnto all the bodye, the
Grecians call it thymoeides, that is
fitte to be angry, or couragious. wher­
by it appeareth that the hart is the head­
sprynge of natural heate. The natural
facultie gyueth nouryshment to al the
partes of the bodye from the lyuer by
veynes, and is called of the grecians
epithymetrice, that is couetynge, or ap­








petyng, and also threptice, that is nou­
ryshynge. And it hath foure vertues
attractiue, retentiue, alteratiue, and
expulsiue. The attractiue vertue is that,
whyche can drawe such iuyce, as is a­
greable to the part, & the iuce is agrea­
ble, and fryndlye to the parte, whyche
is apte, and fit to be made lyke to the
sayd parte, and to fede the same. This
facultie ministreth matter wherby e­
uerye parte is nouryshed, and is as it
were an handmaide to the retentiue ver­
tue. The retentiue vertue is that whyche
retayneth the drawen iuyce, vntyll the
alteratiue vertue hathe chaunged it in
to the nature of the parte, that is nou­
ryshed, and so it serueth the alteratiue
vertue. The alteratiue vertue is that,
whyche altereth, chaungeth, and boy­
leth that, that is drawen, and retay­
ned a certayne space, and finallye ma­
keth it like, and ioyneth it to the parte,
that is nouryshed. The expulsiue ver­
tue sondreth straunge, and vnprofita­
ble thynges from concoction, and dry­
ueth superfluities out of euery part of
the bodye, leste they taryenge to longe
in the bodye, shulde rotte and putrifie.

And thys also, is a seruaunte to the
alteratiue vertue.

Vitriolum romanum 
Musa sayeth that vitriolum roma­
num is that, that Dioscorides calleth
Misy. whyche is founde in mynes, &
hath the colour of golde, and is harde,
and when it is broken it sendeth out the
golden sparcles shinynge lyke sterres.
It hathe vertue to purge, to heate, to
scoure awaye euyll corruption lyenge
in the corners of the eyes. when vitri­
olum is put wythout the addition of
thys worde romanum. Some vnder-
stande therby chalcantum whyche ye
shall seke in the lettre C.

Vuea.  
One of the skynnes of the eye is cal­
led vuea bycause it is lyke the stone of
a grape.

Vuula.  
In the extreme parte of the rouffe
of the mouthe, there appeareth han­
gynge a lytle peece of fleshe, whyche
some call columellam, some vuulum, that
is a lytle grape.

Xylobalsamum. 
The woode of bawme is called xy­
lobalsamum, the frute carpobalsamum,
the iuyce or liquor opobalsamum.

zeduarie.  
zeduaria is thought to be a roote of
hote, and drye temperamente, whyche
they seeth in wyne for the cough, for
paynes of the stomake. &c.

Of wieght. 
Libra or a pounde is deuided in to
twelue ounces. Here ye shal note, that
those apothecaries erre, whyche for a
pounde put sixtene ounces into theyr
medicines. For that is the marchaun­
tes pounde. The fourthe parte of a
pounde, is called quadrans in latine,
the thyrde triens, the sixte, sextans.
wherfore quadrans, or a quarterne is
the weyght of thre ounces. Triens of
four. Sextans of two. An ounce maketh
viii.. drammes, a dram .iii. scruples. And
as the comune practicioners say .lx. bar­
ley cornes make a dramme. Granum
is the weyght of a grayne. Manipu­
lus signifieth an handfull. Here folow
the notes of these weyghtes.

A graine.  gr.
A scruple.  &scruple;.
A dramme.  &dram;
An ounce. &ounce;
A quarterne. Qr.
A pounde.  liber
Halfe.  ½.
An handful.  &mtilde;.
Ana. is vsed for euerye one
In number.  ñ


FINIS.