l e m e . l i b r a r y . u t o r o n t o . c a s t c 5 7 1 1 v e r . 1 . 0 ( 2 0 1 9 ) THE ENGLISH SCHOOLE­ MAISTER, Teaching all his Scholers, of what age soeuer,the most easie, short, and perfect order of distinct reading,and true writing our English tongue that hath euer yet been knowne and published by any. And further also teacheth a direct course,how any vnskilfull person may easily both vnderstand any hard english words, which they shall in the Scriptures , Sermons, or elsewhere heare or reade : and also bee made able to vse the same aptly themselues. And generally whatsoeuer is neces­ sary to be knowne for English speech: so that he which hath this booke on­ ly,needeth buy no other to make him fit, from his letters, vnto the Grammar schoole, for an apprentise, or any other his owne pri­ uate vse, so farre as concerneth English. And therefore is made not onely for children, (though the first booke be meere childish for them)but also for all other especially that are ignorant in the La­ tine tongue. In the next page the Schoole-maister hangeth forth his table, to the view of all beholders, setting forth some of the chiefe commodities of his profession. Deuised for thy sake that wantest any part of this skill,by Edmond Coote Maister of the Free-schoole in Bury S.Edmond. Perused and approued by publike authoritie. AT LONDON Printed by the Widow Orwin, for Ralph Iackson and Robert Dexter. 196. The Schoole-maister his profession. I Professe to teach thee, that art vtterly 1 ignorant, to reade perfectly, to write truly, and with iudgement to vnder­ stand the reason of our English tongue with great expedition, ease , and plea­ sure. I will teach thee that art vnperfect 2 in either of them, to perfect thy skill in few dayes with great ease. I vndertake to teach all my scholers, that shall be trayned vp for 3 any grammar schoole,that they shall neuer erre in writing the true orthography of any word truly pronounced: which what ease and benefite it will bring vnto Scholemaisters, they best know : and the same profit doe I offer vnto all other both men & women, that now for want hereof are ashamed to write vnto their best friends : for which I haue heard many gentlewomen offer much. I assure all Schoolemaisters of the English tongue,that they shall 4 The preface will shew you how this may certainely and easely be done. not onely teach their scholers with greater perfection : but also they shal with more ease and profit,and in shorter time teach a hundreth scholers,then before they could teach forty. I hope by this plaine and short kinde of teaching to encourage 5 many to read,that neuer otherwise would haue learned. And so more knowledge will be brought into this Land, and moe bookes bought, then otherwise would haue been. I shall ease the poorer sort,of much charge that they haue been at 6 in maintayning their children long at Schoole and in buying many Bookes. Strangers that now blame our tongue of difficultie and vncer­ 7 taintie, shall by me plainly see and vnderstand those thinges which they haue thought hard. I doe teach thee,the first part of Arithmeticke,to know or write 8 any nomber. By the practise thereunto adioyned all learners shall so frame & 9 tune their voyce, as that they shall truely and naturally pronounce any kind of stile eyther in prose or verse. By the same practise Children shall learne in a Catechisme the 10 knowledge of the principles of true Religion, with precepts of ver­ tue and ciuill behauiour. I haue made a part of a briefe Chronologie for practise of rea­ 11 ding hard words,wherein also thou shalt be much helped for the un­ derstanding of the Bible, and other histories : and a grammar Scholer learne to knowe when his authors both Greeke and Latine liued, and when the principall Histories in them were done. I haue set downe a Table conteining and teaching the true wri­ 12 ting and vnderstanding of any hard english word, borrowed from the Greeke, Latine, or French, and how to know the one from the other, with the interpretation thereof by a plaine English word: whereby Children shall be prepared for the vnderstanding of thou­ sands of Latine words before they enter the grammar Schole, which also will bring much delight and iudgement to others. Therefore if thou vnderstandest not any word in this Booke, not before ex­ pounded, seeke the Table. If I may be generally receyued, I shall cause one vniforme maner 13 of teaching: a thing which as it hath brought much profite vnto the Latine Tongue,so would it doe to all other languages,if the like were practised. Finally,I haue giuen thee such examples for fayre writing,wher­ 14 by in euery schoole all bad hands may bee abandoned, that if thou shouldest buy the like of any other (which thou shall seldome find in England) they alone would cost thee much more money then I aske thee for my whole profession. If thou desirest to bee further satisfied, for the performance of these things; reade the preface where thou shalt also see the reason of some things in the first booke; which thou mightest otherwise dislike. The Preface for direction to the Reader. OTher men in their writings (gentle Reader) may iustly vse such stile,as may declare learning or elo­ quence fit for a scholer : but I am enforced of ne­ cessitie to affect that plaine rudenes, which may best fit the capacitie of those persons, with whom I haue to deale. The learneder sort are able to vn­ derstand my purpose , and to teach this treatise without further direction , I am now therefore to direct my speech vnto the vnskilfull, which desire to make vse of it for their owne priuate benefit : And vnto such men and women of trades (as Taylors, Weauers, Shop-keepers, Seamsters,and such other) as haue vndertaken the charge of teaching others. Giue me leaue therefore (I beseech thee) to speake plainly and familiarly vnto thee, yea let me intreate thee to giue diligent regard to those things which I shall de­ liuer vnto thee, I seeke nothing by thee,but thine owne pleasure, ease and profit,and the good of thy scholers. If peraduenture for two or three dayes at the first,it may seeme somewhat hard or strange vnto thee, yet be not dis­ couraged,neither cast it from thee :for if thou take diligent paines in it but foure dayes,thou shalt learne many very profitable things that thou neuer knewest,yea thou shalt know more for the English tongue, then any man of thy calling(not being a Grammarian)in England knoweth:thou shalt teach thy scholers with better commendation and profit then any other,not fol­ lowing this order,teacheth : And thou maiest sit on thy shop-bord,at thy loomes,or at thy needle,and neuer hinder thy worke,to heare thy scholers, after thou hast once made this little booke familiar vnto thee. The practise and order of studie I know is a stranger vnto thee : yet must thou now bee sure that thou passe not ouer any one word, before thou well vnderstandest it.If thou canst not finde out the meaning and true vse of any rule or word, and hauing none present to helpe thee, make a marke thereat with a pen or Thus must I lispe, and poynt with the finger, or not to be vn­ derstoode. pin,vntill thou meetest with your Minister, or other learned scholer of whom thou maist enquire: and do not think it any discredite to declare thy want, being in a matter pertayning to Grammar,or other such things,as those of thy condition,are vsually vnacquainted with : rather assure thy selfe,that al wise men will commend thee, that desirest knowledge, which may reiect: and they which refuse to be directed,I know are such as delight in their sot­ tish ignorance,like Scoggens priest, who because he had vsed his old annuni­ simus for these dozen yeres,would not forsake it,for the others new assump­ simus, though it were neuer so good. Two things generally you must marke for the vse of this booke : first,the true vnderstanding of it for the matter: secondly,the manner of learning it,if thou be onely a scholer,then the or­ der of teaching it,if thou bee also a teacher. And for the first,where I pro­ fesse to teach with farre more ease and pleasure to the learner,and therfore with greater speede then other : vnderstand the reason. Thou hast but two principall things to learne,to spell truly any word of one syllable,and to di­ uide truly any word of many. For the first I haue disposed syllables so in the first booke (howsoeuer at the first sight they may seeme common) as that thou canst meete none but either thou hast it there set downe,or at least so many like both for beginning or end,as that none can be propounded vnto thee,which thou shalt not be skilful in. And I haue so begun with the easiest, proceeding by degrees vnto harder, that the first learned,all the other will follow with very little labour. These syllables knowne,because al words be they neuer so long or hard be made of them, thou hast nothing to learne but to diuide them : for which I haue layd downe so easie & certaine rules, (beleeue me that haue tried)as that thou shalt neuer erre in any hard word: I doubt not, but thine owne experience shal finde this true, and so my pro­ mise in that point performed to the full. Maruaile not why in this first book I haue differed in writing many syllables from the vsuall manner, yea from my selfe in the rest of the worke: as templ without (e),tun with one (n) and plums,not plummes,&c. my reason is, I haue there put no moe letters then are absolute necessitie, when in the rest I haue followed custome : yea, often I write the same word diuersly (if it be vsed indifferently) the better to acquaint thee with any kinde of writing. Touching the speeches at the end of the 1. 2. 4. 7. and 8. chapters,regard not the matter (being vaine)but my purpose, which is to bring thee to present vse of reading words of one syllable, which thou hast learned to spell, and so thou maiest haue nothing in the second booke to learne,but only diuision of words, and other harder obseruations. The titles of the chapters and notes in the margent (which I would alwayes haue thee diligently read and marke)will make these things more plaine vnto thee. Also, where I vndertake to make thee to write the true Orthographie of any word truly pronounced, I must meane it of those words, whose writing is determined : for there are many wherein the best English men in this land are not agreed.As some write malicious, deriuing it from malice.Other write malitious, as from the Latine malitiosus. So some write German from the Latine,some Germain from the French. Neither do I deale with proper names,strange words of arte in seuerall sciences,nor the vnknowne termes of peculiar countries, (if they differ from ordinary rules) vnles sometime vpon some speciall occasion. I know ere this , thou thirstest that art a tea­ cher,to heare how thou maiest with more ease and profit teach a hundreth scholers then before fortie : follow mine aduise, and I warrant the successe. Let euery one of thy scholers (for the best thou hast shall learne that here which he neuer knew, neither needeth he any other for English) prouide and vse this booke : then diuide thy scholers into 2. 3. or 4 sorts,as thy num­ ber is (for moe thou needest not, although thou hast a hundreth scholers) and place so many of them as are neerest of like forwardnes,in one lesson or forme, as in Grammar schooles, and so go through thy whole number, not making aboue foure companies at the most : so that thou shalt haue but foure lectures to heare,though thou hast an hundreth scholers,whereas be­ fore thou haddest fortie lectures, though but fortie scholers. Then when thou wouldest heare any forme,call them forth all,bee they ten,twentie, or moe together : heare two or three that thou most suspectest to be most neg­ ligent,or of dullest conceit,and let all the other attend : or let one read one line,sentence or part,another the next,and so through : so that all do some­ what,and none know,when or what shall be required of him,encourage the most diligent and tenderest natures. And thus doubt not but thou shalt doe more good vnto twentie in one houre, then before vnto foure in seuerall lessons : for the apposing each other, as I haue directed in the end of the se­ cond booke, emulation, and feare of discredite, will make them enuie who shall excell. By this meanes also euery one in a higher forme shall be well able to helpe those vnder him, and that without losse of time, seeing there­ by he repeateth that which he lately learned. Now touching the framing and sweete tuning of thy voyce, I haue giuen thee this helpe, I haue added for prose al sorts of stile both dialogue and other:and for verse, Psalmes and other verses of all the seuerall sorts vsuall,which being well taught,wil frame thee to the naturall reading of any English. But here I must make earnest request vnto all carefull Ministers, that as they tender the good education of the youth in their parishes , they would sometimes repayre vnto the schooles of such teachers as are not Grammarians, to heare their children pronounce , and to helpe such with their direction, that desire to vse this booke in their schooles: for it is lamentable to see into what ignorant hand­ ling sillie little children chaunce, which should at the first bee most skilfully grounded,which is the only cause of such wofull ignorance in so many men and women, that cannot write without great error one sentence of true English : therefore let parents now bee wise vnto whom they commit their children. But to returne vnto my teaching trades-man, if thou desirest to be enfor­ med how to teach this treatise, marke diligently the directions giuen in all places of the booke : and as thy scholer is in saying his lesson,marke what words he misseth,and them note with a penne or pinne,and let him repeate them at the next lecture, and so vntill he bee perfect,not regarding those where he is skilfull.And let his fellowes also remember them to appose him in them in their appositions. But me thought I heard thee say that my reasons haue perswaded thee to be willing to teach this : but thou canst not moue all their parents to bee willing to bestow so much money on a booke at the first: Tell them from me that they need buy no moe, and then they shall saue much by the bargaine. But they will reply, that his little yong child will haue torne it before it be halfe learned. Then answer him, that a remedie is prouided for that also, which is this : first, the Printer vpon the sight hereof, hath framed his horne bookes, according to the order of this booke, making the most part of my second page the matter thereof: which in mine opinion he did with good reason: for a child may by this trea­ tise almost learne to spell perfectly in as little time, as learne well the other horne-booke. But this latter being first learned, being the ground-worke of spelling,all the rest of this worke will be gotten with small labour.Secondly, I haue so disposed the placing of my first booke,that if the child should teare out euery leafe as fast as he learneth it, yet it shall not bee greatly hurtfull, for euery new following chapter repeateth and teacheth againe all that went before. I hope if he bee a reasonable man that this answer will suffice. Touching my Chronologie and table,I haue before the entrance into them prefixed the manner how to vnderstand the vse of them, whereunto I re­ ferre thee,hauing been alreadie ouer tedious. For the particular ordinary sounding of the letters, I wholly omit, leauing it to the ordering of the tea­ cher, especially it being before sufficiently and learnedly handled by ano­ ther. Thus haue I so plainly pratled and lisped vnto thee, as that I hope thou vnderstandest my purpose, and single heart for thy good: which if I finde thou acceptest, I may peraduenture hereafter proceede in my course for the easie and speedie attayning the learned languages, an argu­ ment which as it is more pertinent to my profession, so might it rather be expected from me then this poore pamphlet. But in the meane time, if in this thou finde my words true, accept my good will, and giue glorie to God. A. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. r.s. s. t. v. u. w. x. y. z. &. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. V. W. X. Y. Z. A.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.s.t.u.w. x.y.z.&. A. B. C. D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R. S.T.V.W.X.Y.Z. A.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.s.t.v.u.w. x.y.z.&. A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S. T.V.W.X.Y.Z. ff. fl.ffl.sh.sl.st.ss.ct. The first Booke of the English Schoole-maister. CHAP. I. TEaching all syllables of two letters,beginning with the ea­ The titles of the Chapters must not be taught the scholers:but onely direct the tea­ chers. siest,and ioyning them together that are of like sound, as you may perceiue by placing(c)betwixt (k and s)& coupling them as you see : and then teaching to read words of two let­ ters. When your Scholer hath perfectly learned his letters, teach him to knowe his vowels : And after two or three daies, when he is skil­ full in them, teach him to call al the other let­ ters,consonants:and so proceede with the o­ ther wordes of art, as they stand in the mar­ gent, neuer troubling his memory with a new word,before he be per­ fect in the old. *c.Before a.o.u. like (k) but before e. or i. like s. if no other letter come betweene. Now you may teach your Scholer, that he can spell nothing with­ out a vowell. a e i o u. Ba be bi bo bu. Da de di do du. Fa fe fi fo fu. Ga ge gi go gu. Ha he hi ho hu. La le li lo lu. Ma me mi mo mu. Na ne ni no nu. Pa pe pi po pu. Ra re ri ro ru. Ta te ti to tu. Ka* ke ki ko ku. Ca ce ci co cu. Sa se si so su. Za ze zi zo zu. Ia ie ii io iu. Ya ye ** yo **. Va ve vi vo vu. Wa we wi wo **. Qua que qui quo **. a e i o u Ab eb ib ob ub. Ad ed id od ud. Af ef if of uf. Ag eg ig og ug. Ah eh ** oh **. Al el il ol ul. Am em im om um An en in on un. Ap ep ip op up. Ar er ir or ur. At et it ot ut. Ak ek ik ok uk. Ac ec ic oc uc. As es is os us. Az ez iz oz uz. Ai ei ** oi **. Ay ey ** oy **. Au eu ** ou **. Aw ew ** ow **. Ax ex ix ox ux. diph­ thongs If we do ill : fy on vs all: Teach him that (y) is put for (i) the vowel, and make him reade these lines distinctly. Ah is it so: is he my fo? Wo be to me,if I do so. Vp go on : lo I see a py, So it is,if I do ly Wo is me,oh I dy Ye see in me,no ly to be. CHAP. 2. TEacheth to ioyne the two former sorts of syllables together,I meane (ba : and ab :) and so the rest : with practise of rea­ ding the same sortes of words of three letters : And heere you see that this,and euery new Chapter, doth so repeate all that went before,that your scholer can forget nothing. Ba bab ba bad ba bag bar ba bat bay. Here you may teach your Scholer , to call these wordes syllabls, and that so many let­ ters, as we spell toge­ ther, we call a syllable. And you may repeate the first two letters,as often as the capaci­ tie of the child shall re­ quire it : And for the more pleasure of the child, I haue vsed such syllabls as are vsed for English words. Be bed be beg be bet. Bi bid bi big bill bi bit. Bo bob bo bon bos bo box boy. Bu bud buf bug bu bul bur bu but buz. Da dad dag da dam daw day. De den det de dew. Di did dig di dim din dip. Do dog dol do dop dor dot dow. Du dug dul du dun. Fa fal fan far fa fat. Fe fed fel fe fen few. Fi fil fi fir fit. Fo fog fop for fo fox. Fu full fur. Ga gag gad ga gap gad gay. Ge ges get. Gi gib gig gil. Go gob god got. Gu gub gug gul gu gum gun gup gut. Ha had hag hap ha hat haw hay. He hed hel hem hen hew. Hi hid hil him hi hip his hit. Ho hog hod ho hom hot hop. Hu huf hug hul hu hum hur. If now your Scholer be ready in the former termes of a vowell, con­ sonant, and a syllable, you may now teach him what a diphthong is, especially those in the former Chapter : ai. ei. oi.au. eu. ou. La lad lag lap la las law lay. Le led leg le les let. Li lib lig lim li lip. Lo lob log lo lol lop los lot low. Lu lug lu lul. Ma mad mam man ma map mas mat maw may Me meg men mes. Mi mil mis. Mo mop mos mow. Mu mul mum mur. Na nag nam nan nay. Ne nel net ne new. Ni nib nil ni nip nit. No nod nor not now. Nu num nun nu nut. Pa pan pas pa pat paw pax pay. Pe ped peg pen. Pi pig pil pir. Po pod pot. Pu pul pur pus put. Ra rag ram ran ra rap rat raw ray. Re red rew. Ri rib rig rim rip. Ro rob rod ros rot. Ru rub ruf rug run. Ta tap tar tax. Te teg tel ten tew. *In these kinde of wordes of one syllable, we vse only(e)before (a. o. u.) and (k) before (e) and (i) and not other­ wise, except in feyned words,as Cis for Cicely: Kate for Katherine,or in some proper names, as Cis the Father of Saule. But we vse s. before any vowels, therefore haue I placed them as you see. Ti tib til tin tip tit. To tog tom top tos tow toy. Tu tub tug tun tut. *Ca cal cam can ca cap cat. Ke ket key. Ki kid kis kit. Co cob cod cog co com cow coy. Cu cud cuf cul cu cup cur cut. Sa sad sag sam sa saw. Se sel set. Si sip sir sit. So sob som sop sot sow. Su sum su sup. Ia iag iar iaw. Ie iet iew. Io iob. Iu iud. Ye yel yes yet. Va van vat. Ve vex. Wa wag wan wat was wax way. *This speech is made onely of the wordes taught before, where you are not to regarde the sence, being friuo­ lous,but onely to teach distinct reading : And this obserue in the rest, making your scho­ ler to reade them per­ fectly, but not the titles of the Chapters,nor the notes in the margent. We web wel wet. Wi wig wil win. Wo wol wot. Qua quaf quat. Qui quil quip quit. *Boy,go thy way vp to the top of the hill, and get me home the bay nag, fill him well,and see he be fat, and I will rid me of him;for he will be but dull,as his dam,yet if a man bid well for him,I wil tel him of it : if not I do but rob him : And so God will vex me,and may let me go to hel, if I get but a iaw-bone of him ill: CHAP. 3. SEtting downe onely all those syllables, that are of three let­ ters beginning with two consonants. Bla ble bli blo blu. Bra bre bri bro bru. Cha che chi cho chu. Cla cle cli clo clu. Cra cre cri cro cru. Dra dre dri dro dru. Dwa dwe dwi dwo *. Fla fle fli flo flu. Fra fre fri fro fru. Gla gle gli glo glu. Gna gne gni gno gnu. Gra gre gri gro gru Kna kne kni kno knu. Pla ple pli plo plu. Pra pre pri pro pru. Sca sce sci sco scu. Here examine your Scholer , what conso­ nants wil follow (b)and let him answer (l. or r.) and so practise him in al the rest. For the more perfect he is in them,the more ease and benefite you shall finde , when you come to the rules of diuision , in the se­ cond Booke. I call(h) a consonant here, and els where for examples sake , which properly is not so, to a­ uoide multitude of rules. Ska ske ski sko sku. Sha she shi sho shu. Sla sle sli slo slu. Sma sme smi smo smu. Sna sne sni sno snu. Spa spe spi spo spu. Sta ste sti sto stu. Swa swe swi swo *. Tha the thi tho thu. Tra tre tri tro tru. Twa twe twi two *. Wha whe whi who whu. Wra wre wri wro wru. Squa sque squi squo squu. CHAP. 4. HEre are adioyned the sillables of the former Chapter, with Although I haue so disposed these words,as that the latter Chapters are a repetition of the former, yet wold I haue Scholers in euery forme say ouer in part,some of that hee hath learned, & appose one another as I haue taught in the last Chapter of the se­ cond Booke. the second sort of those in the first Chapter,beginning with (ab.) And then teach to read words made of those sillables. Bla blab. Ble bled bles blew.Bli blis.Blo blot.Blu blur Bra brag bran bra bras brat bray. Bre bred bret brew. Bri brim. Bro brow. Cha chas cham chap chat. Che chew. Chi chil chip. Cho chod chop. Chu chub. Cra crab crag cram. Cre crew. Cri crib. Cro crop cros crow. Cru crum. Dra drab draf drag dram draw dray. Dre dreg dri drip. Dro drop dru drum. Dwe dwel. Fla flag flap flat fla flaw flax. Fle fled. Fli flit. Flo flot flow flox. Flu flux. Fra fray. Fre fret fri frig. Fro frog from frow. Gla glad glas. Gle glew. Gli glid. Glo glos glow. Glu glum glut. Gna gnat gnaw. Gra graf gras gray. Gri grig grip. Gro gros. Kna knap knaw. Kni knit. Kno knop knot know. Knu knub knug. Pla plat play. Plo plod plot plow. Plu plum. Pra prat pray. Pre pres. Pri prig. *Sca scab scan scar. *I haue placed(c. & k.) all as in the second Chapter,although you shall finde (k) written before (a) and(u) as in skarlet, skull, yet doe the most exact writers say scarlet,scull:but ka­ lender. Ske skeg skep skew. Ski skil skin skip. Sco scof scot scul scum. Sha shed shag shal. Shed shel shew. Shi ship. Sho shod shop shot. Shu shun shut. Sla slab slay sle slew. Sli slid slim slip slit. Slo slop slow. Slu slut. Sme mel.Smi smit.Smo smot. Smu smut. Sna snag snap snat.Sni snip. Sno snow.Snu snuf. Spa span spar. Spe sped spel spew. Spi spil spin spit. Spo spot. Spu spur. Sta staf stag star stay. Ste stem. Sti stif stil stir. Sto stod stow. Stu stub stuf stur. Swa swad swag swan swap sway. Swe swell. Swi swig swil swim. Tha than that thaw. The them then they. Thi thin this.Tho thou. Thu thus. Tra trap tray. Tre trey. Tri trim trip. Tro trot trow troy. Tru trub trus. Twi twig. (whom. Wha what. Whe when whey. Whi whip. Who whol Wra wrap. Wre wren. Wri wrig writ. Wro wrot. Squa squab squad squat. Squi squib. I met a man by the way this day, who when he saw me, hit me a blow,that it did swell:for that I did not stir my cap when I met him. But I fled from him, and ran my way : Then did he fret and out-ran me,and drew out his staf , that had a knot on the end, and hit me a clap on the scul, and a cros-blow on the leg,so that I did skip at it : yet was I glad to know and to see as in a glas my bad spot: And I will pray him, that if he shall see me so gros,and so far out of the way,that he will whip me wel, that so I may know, what I am to do. CHAP. 5. SEtteth downe all syllables of fower letters beginning with three consonants : Secondly ioyneth them like the former Chapter, with like practise of reading:Lastly teacheth syllables made of diphthongs. Scra scre scri scro scru. Appose your Scho­ ler in these,as I willed you in the third Chap­ ter for the same pur­ pose : the first of these is euer (s, or th.) Skra skre skri skro skru. Scla scle scli sclo sclu. Skla skle skli sklo sklu. Shla shle shli shlo shlu. Shra shre shri shro shru. Stra stre stri stro stru. Spla sple spli splo splu. Spra spre spri spro spru. Thra thre thri thro thru. Thwa thwe thwi thwo. Scra scrap scrat.Skre skrew. Scru scrub. (shrub shrug. Shra shrap. Shre shred shrew. Shri shrig shril. Shru Stra strag straw stray.Stre stres.Strip.Strop.Strut. Spla splay. Spli split. Spra sprat. Spre spred. Spri sprig. Thra thral.Thro throt.Thru thrum. Ai ail fail quail stai staid brai brain twain way wait. Make your Scholer knowe perfectly these diphthongs : And vse him to spel the two last by their sound, and not Bra brau braul scraul lau laud. Toi toil boil spoil. Ioi ioin coin hoi hois. Ou our your out stout fou foul soul cloud hou hous. F'ee f'eed bl'eed sh'ee sh'eep f'eet f'eel h'eel qu'een. call them double ee. or double oo. Bo boo book hook look hood stood good fool stool hoof. CHAP. 6. TEaching all syllables of three letters,that can end any word with two consonants. Abl ebl ibl obl ubl. The former Chapters doe fully teach to begin any word : these are for endings, which we call terminations, therefore here I am enforced to vse syllables that are not words. Abs ebs ibs obs ubs. Ach ech ich och uch. Acl ecl icl ocl ucl. Akl ekl ikl okl ukl. Adg edg idg odg udg. Ads eds ids ods uds. Alf elf ilf olf ulf. Ald eld ild old uld. Alf elf ilf olf ulf. Alk elk ilk olk ulk. Alm elm ilm olm ulm. Aln eln iln oln uln. Alp elp ilp olp ulp. Als els ils ols uls. Alt elt ilt olt ult. Amb emb imb omb umb. Amp emp imp omp ump. Ams ems ims oms ums. And end ind ond und. Ang eng ing ong ung. Ank enk ink onk unk. Ans ens ins ons vns. Ant ent int ont unt. Apl epl ipl opl upl. Aps eps ips ops ups. Apt ept ipt opt upt. Arb erb irb orb urb. force with re. Ard erd ird ord urd. Arf erf irf orf urf. Arg erg irg org urg. Ark erk irk ork urk. Arm erm irm orm urm. Arn ern irn orn urn. Arp erp irp orp urp. Ars ers irs ors urs. Art ert irt ort urt. Ash esh ish osh ush. Ask esk isk osk usk. Asl esl isl osl usl. Asp esp isp osp usp. Ast est ist ost ust. Ath eth ith oth uth. Atl etl itl otl utl. CHAP. 7. ADioyneth the syllables of the former Chapter, with the first of the first Chapter, and others that begin syllables, with such practise of reading as before. Ba bab babl ga gab gabl rabl wrab wrabl scrabl. Pe peb pebl. Bi bib bibl nibl dri dribl scri scribl. Co cob cobl go gob gobl hob hobl. Hu hub hubl stu stub stubl. Cra crab crabs dra drab drabs stab stabs. We web webs. Ri rib ribs. Lo lob lobs so sob sobs. Tu tub tubs stubs. *Ri ich rich whi which. Mu uch much su such. *You may sometime spell this way,if the word will be more easie, which is especi­ ally when the word endeth in (ch.gh. or sh.) for then they cannot well be deuided. La lad lads shad shads. Squa squads. Be bed beds peds. Li lid lids. Go god gods rods. Ba baf bafl snafl. Mu mufl shufl rufl. Ha haf haft craft. De def cleft. Gi gif gift lift rift si sift clift. Lo lof loft soft. Hu huf huft tuft. (throug. La lau laugh. Hi high nigh. Plo plou plough through Da dag dagl gagl pagl wagl dragl stragl. Gi gig gigl higl wri wrig wrigl. Go gog gogl.Stru strug strugl. Ba bal bald sca scau scaul scauld.He hel held geld. Gi gil gild mil mild pild child wi wild. Bo bou boul bould cold gold hould would should. Cu culd. Ca cal calf half. Ralf. Pe pel pelf self shelf twel twelf. Gu gul gulf. Ba bal balk chalk walk stalk. Mi mil milk silk. Yo yol yolk. Hu hul hulk. Ba bal balm calm palm. He hel helm. Fil film. Hol holm. Fa fal faln. Sto stol stoln swo swol swoln. Sca scal scalp. He hel help whe whelp. Gu gul gulp. Fa fal fals. Pu pul puls. Fa fal falt sha shalt. Be beb belt felt melt smelt. Gi gil gilt hilt milt tilt wilt spilt. *La lam lamb kem kemb. Com comb.Du dumb thumb. *After (m) we vse to giue lit­ tle or no sound to (b.) Cam camp damp lamp cramp stamp. Shri shrim shrimp. Po pom pomp. Du dum dump. Iu iump lump cump stump. Da dam dams hams. Ste stem stems. Plu plum plums. Da dau daun daunc fraunc iaunc launc chaunc. Fe fen fenc penc henc qui quinc sinc. Ou oun ounc. Ba ban band hand land sand wand. Ben bend lend spend send Fi fin find blind wind. Bon bond ho hou hound round. Ha han hang. Si sin sing thing string. Yo you yong strong wrong. Du dun dung. Ba ban bank rank blank flank frank shank. Li lin link brink pink drink shrink. Mon monk. Pa pan pant plant gra graunt haunt. Be ben bent lent ment rent went shent spent. Di din dint mint flint splint. Fo fon font wont. Hu hunt lunt blunt. Da dap dapl grapl. Ni nip nipl gripl. Co cou coup coupl. Ca cap caps raps traps chaps. Hip hips lips quips. So sop sops tops chops drops strops. Ca cap capt grapt lapt chapt shrapt. Ke kep kept. Di dip dipt ript tipt slipt skipt tript stript. Do dop dopt sopt topt cropt. Su sup supt. He her herb. Cu cur curb. Ca car card gard lard quard ward yard. Be ber berd. Gi gir gird. Lor lord word. Cu cur curd. Ca car carf dwarf scarf wharf. Tu tur turf scurf. Ba bar barg larg charg. Ve ver verg. Di dir dirg. Go gor gorg forg. Su sur surg spurg. Ba bar bark dark hark mark park clark spark. Wo wor work. Lu lur lurk. Ba bar barm farm harm warm charm swarm. Te ter term. Fi fir firm. Wo wor worm storm. Ba bar barn warn yarn. Fer fern quern stern. Bo bor born corn torn. Bu bur burn turn spurn. Ca car carp harp warp sharp. Ver vers wor wors. Cu cur curs purs. Car cart dart hart part quart wart smart swart. Di dir dirt. For fort sort, short. Hu hur hurt. *The reason of this difference I shewed be­ fore. Da dash da* ash dash lash ra rash gna gnash. Fre fresh. Fi ish fish. Gu ush gush push rush tush blush brush chrush. Ca cas cask mask task. Des desk. Hu hus husk musk. Fri fris frisl wrisl. Mu mus musl rusl. Ga gas gasp hasp rasp wasp. Ri ris risp wisp crisp. Cas cast fast hast last tast vast wast chast. Be bes best ie iest nest rest west yest chest wrest. Fi fis fist list wist. Co cos cost host lost most post. Du dus dust lust must rust. Ra rat ratl pratl. Ke ket ketl. Ti titl spitl. Ru rut rutl. Ba ath bath fay fayth hath lath path sayth wrath. Wi ith with sith. Do oth doth moth mouth south slouth. Thru thrust. Thre thresh. Thro throng. Thwa thwai thwait thwaits. Tell me now in truth,how rich art thou? What hast thou that is thine own. A cloth for my table,a horse in my stable: Both bridle and sadle,and a child in the cradle But no bag of gold,hous or free-hold. My coyn is but small,find it who shall: For I know this my self ; it is all but pelf. Both cow and calf; you know not yet half, She doth yeeld me milk,her skin soft as silk. I got with-out help,a cat and a whelp. A cap and a belt with a hog that is gelt : With a pot of good drink,full vp to the brink. And I had a lark,and a faune from the park. Thus much in hast,may be for a tast : And so must I end,no vayn word to spend. CHAP. 8. Teacheth words ending first in three,then in fower consonants, containing the hardest syllables of all sorts,with practise of reading the same. Ca cau caugh caught naught taught. Ey eyght. Hei height weight. Si sight bright. Bou bought ought fought wrought sought. Ru rug rugl rugls. Bel belch welch. Fi fil filch milch pilch. Am amb ambl brambl.Scra scrambl.Ni nimbl wimbl. Fu fum fumbl mumbl stumbl. Ni nim nimph. Am amp ampl sampl trampl. Tem templ. Pim pimpl. Pu pum pump pumpl crumpl. Pomp pomps. Pumps. Ba *blanch branch panch. Ben bench wench wri wrinch. *For (a) here many put(au.) Can cand candl handl. Spren sprendl. Ma man mantl spra spran sprantl. Grun gruntl. Ten tenth.Ni nin ninth.De dep depth. Ca cam camp campt stampt. Tem tempt. Stum stumpt. Ki kind kindl spindl. Bu bun bundl. An* ankl. Wri wrinkl sprinkl. Vn vncl *We may put (c)before (k ) not pronoun- ced. Man mangl tangl strangl wrangl. Min mingl singl. Ga gar garb garbl marbl warbl.Cur curb curbl. Ci cir circ circl. Far fard fardl. Gird girdl. Hu hur hurdl. (turtl. Gar gargl. Pu pur purp purpl. Ki kir kirt kirtl mirtl. Tur Wo wor world. Cu cur curl curld. Bu bur burst curst durst. Ca cast castl wra wrastl. Thi thist thistl. Iust iustl. Da dash dasht lasht swasht. Pu push pusht rusht. As ask askt. Cla clas clasp claspt. Ca cat catch watch scratch. It itch witch. Leng length strength. Eyghth weigh weights. (Worlds. Words ending in fower con­ sonants most of them being the plurall number. Hand handl handls. Spin spindls hardls girdls. Turtls. As I went through the castl yard, I did chaunce to stumbl in a queach of brambls, so as I did scratch my heels and feet, and my gay girdl of gold and purpl: then I sought how I might wrastl out, but I dasht my hands into a bundl of thistls, till at length by the strength of mine arms, and legs, I wrought my self out, but did catch a cough,and caught a wrinch in myn ankl, and a scratch on my mouth : but now am I taught whilst I am in this world, how to wrangl with such as ar too strong and full of might for me. The second Booke of the English Schoole-maister. Wherein are taught plaine and easie rules , how to deuide truly and certainly any long and hard word of many syllables, with rules of the true writing of any word. CHAP. 1. In this Chapter are set downe the words of art vsed in this trea­ tise, with other necessary rules, and obseruations , especially for words of one syllable,both for true writing and reading. Mai-ster. I deuide your syllables for you, vntill you haue rules of diuision,and then I leaue you to your rule. Looke not for any exact defi- nitions,but for such descripti­ ons as are fit for children. I make (h) a letter for plain­ nes,which ex­ actly is none but a note of breathing. DOe you think your selfe so suf-fi-ci-ent-ly in-struc­ ted,to spell & read di-stinct-ly any word of one syl­ lable,that now we may pro-c'eed,to teach rules for the true and ea-sy di-ui-si-on of a-ny word of ma­ ny syl-labls? Scho-ler. Sir: I do not well vn-der-stand what you meane by a syl­ lable. Mai. A syl-lable is a per-fect sound, made of so ma-ny let­ ters,as we spell to-ge-ther: as in di-ui-si-on you s'ee are fow­ er syl-lables. Scho. How ma-ny let-ters may be in a syl-lable? Mai. A-ny nom-ber vn-der nine,as: I do say that welch knight brought strength. Scho. What let-ters may make a syl-lable a-lone? Mai. A-ny of the fiue vo-wels : a.e.i.o.u. as a-ny e-uill I­ doll o-uer tur-neth v-ni-ty. Scho. But Sir, I som-time find two vo-wels to-ge-ther Diphthong. in one syl-lable: what shall I do with them? Mai. You must then call them a * Diph-thong, which is *Teach that a­ ny two vowels that will make a perfit sound, is called a diphthong. no-thing els, but a sound made of two vo-wels. Scho. Will a-ny two vo-wels make a diph-thong? Mai. No: *none that are ful-ly soun-ded but these : ai,ei, oi, au, eu, ou, oo, ee: as in say, ei-ther, coin , taught , eu-nuch, ought, good, feed. Which when you find you must ioyn to­ For when one is little soun­ ded, I call them improper diphthongs. (ae and œ) in latine words make a diph­ thong. ge-ther, ex-cept in some pro-per names , as in Be-er-she-ba, Na-tha-ne-ell:so in se-eth, a-gree-ing, & in such words,where a syl-labl be-gin-ning with (e or i) is ad-ded to a per-fect word en-ding in (e) as see, a-gree, de-cree. But aa, ao, oe, and such like make no diph-thongs, and there-fore may not b'ee ioy­ ned. Scho. Yet do I find ja,je,jo,ju, and va,ve,vi,vo, ioy-ned to­ ge-ther, as in Iames, Ie-sus, ioyn, Iu-das, va-lew, ve-ri-ly, vi-sit, vow. I pray you, are they then no diph-thongs? Mai. No: for j , and v, ioy-ned with a vo-well in the be- gin-ning of a syl-labl, are tur-ned from vo-wels in-to con­ so-nants, as in A-hi-jah. Scho. What mean you by a Con-so-nant? Consonant. Mai. I mean all the o-ther let-ters ex-cept the vo­ wels which can spell no-thing with-out one of the vo­ wels, as take, e, out of strength, and strngth will spell no­ thing. Scho. Why Sir (by) did e-uen now spell a word, yet is there in it non of the fiue vo-wels. Mai. Ind'eed (y) is of-ten v-sed for (i) when it is a vo-well : but when they be con-so-nants they dif-fer, for (y) is al-so a con-so-nant, when it is ioy-ned in the be-gin-ning of a syl­ lable with a vo-well, as in yes,you:so jet, dif-fe-reth from yet : and such like. Scho. I pray shew me the rea-son, why in (like) which was the last word you v-sed, and in ma-ny o-ther be-fore, you put (e) in the end, which is not soun-ded? Mai. This letter (e) in the end of a word not soun-ded (e) Not soun­ ded. hath two prin-ci-pall v-ses. The first and chie-fest is to draw the syl-lable long, as he is made mad A mill dam : A shrewd dame. My man hath cut my horse mane. A great gap : gape wide. Spare this spar . Be-ware of war. *Feed vntil thou hast well fed. *In this sound when (e) is long, it is com­ monly doub­ led and made a diphthong. You feele not my paine. A wasp is fell. He hid the oxe hide. It is a mile to the mill. A little pin: my flesh doth pine. A branch of fir, good for the fire. A dor sitteth on the dore. Tos the ball: Tose the wooll. Make your Scholers very perfectin these, therefore you may try them in other like. You haue a Dot on the nose: and you dote. Rud is not rude. A tun of wine: the tune of a song. Scho. What is the se-cond vse? Mai. It chan-geth the sound of some let-ters : but this vse with the fur-ther de-cla-ra-ti-on of this let-ter, be-cause it is har-der, then you will at the first ea-si-ly con-ceiue, I will re-ferre vn-to a-no-ther place. Scho. Are no o-ther let-ters not at all, or but lit-tle pro­ noun-ced? Mai. Yes , Very ma-ny:as (a) is not pro-noun-ced in earth, Letters not pronounced. goat : nor (e) in Georg : nor (i) in briefe : nor (o) in people: nei-ther is (u) pro-noun-ced in guide : all which words of all sorts , I will set downe af-ter-ward, when I haue gi­ uen you more ne-ces-sary rules in these three first chapters, and you bet-ter able to vse them. CHAP. 2. By this Chapter you shall easylie and plainly know, how many syllabls are in euery word. Mai. IF you di-li-gent-ly obserue these things, you can-not erre in a-ny word of one syl-lable : There-fore I will pro-c'eed in the di-ui-si-on of syl-lables,which if you wil care­ ful-ly marke, you shal ne-uer fayle in di-ui-ding the lon-gest or har-dest word,that e-uer you shall read. Scho. That will as-su-red-ly bring me great pro-fit and plea-sure; for when I m'eet with a long hard word, I sticke so fast in the mire, that I can nei-ther goe for-ward nor backe­ ward. And I ne-uer yet hard that a-ny such rules haue b'een e-uer yet taught by a-ny : I pray there-fore tell me what is the first ge-ne-rall rule,the chie-fest ground of this worke. Mai. Brief-lie it is this:Marke how ma-ny vo-wels you haue in a word,and in-to so ma-ny syl-labls must you di-uide that word,as in strength,ti-ed, e-spi-ed, sub-mis-si-on, sa-lu-ta­ ti-on, re-ge-ne-ra-ti-on, ex-tra-or-di-na-ri-ly, in which sea-uen words, you haue as ma-nie syl-labls as vo-wels, and a-boue sea-uen syl-labls, I re-mem-ber no word. Scho. But I finde the con-tra-rie,e-uen in this rule, for in these words, you.haue.briefe. are mo vo-wels then syl-labls. Mai. It is well ob-ser-ued : there-fore, you must know, that you can hard-lie finde a ge-ne-rall rule with-out some ex-cep-ti-ons. Scho. How ma-ny ex-cep-ti-ons hath it? Mai. Thr'ee. The first is, when there is (e) in the end of a word,or a-ny o-ther vo-wel not at all, or but litle pro-noun­ ced, as in chiefe.haue.thwite. where-in wee sound not (i) in chiefe,nor the last (e) in a-ny of them. Scho. What is the se-cond ex-cep-ti-on ? Mai. The se-cond is,if there be a diph-thong, as in may. your. then haue you two vo-wels in one sy-lable. Scho. Are there not thr'ee vo-wels in your? Mai. No, for I tould you be-fore, that (y) be-fore a vo­ well in the same syl-lable is a con-so-nant. Sch. What is the third ex-cep-ti-on? Mai. Words en-ding in (es) haue a-boue one vo-well, as Iames. pre-serues.al-waies.names.hides.bones. But of these more shall-be said here-af-ter. Sch. Shall I ne-uer els finde two vo-wels in one syl­ lable? Mai. Yes, af-ter (q) al-way is (u) with a-no-ther vo- well,as in quaffe.queen.quick. and some-time af-ter (g) as in Gual-ter.lan-guage. o-ther-wise ne-uer,vn-lesse w'ee say that words en-ding in (ven) as Hea-uen. e-uen. are of one syl-lable, because we com-mon-ly so pro-nounce them. CHAP. 3. This Chapter teacheth plaine rules, how to diuide truely the longest and hardest English word that you shall finde. Sch. I Haue al-rea-dy with ease and cer-tain-ty lear-ned *For the latter syllable must not begin with a vowell, ex­ cept the former end in a vo­ well. to know how ma-ny syl-labls are in a-ny word, so soone as I s'ee it, yet know I not how to di-uide them tru-ly. Mai. Marke then these few rules fol-lo-wing, and you shall ne-uer fayle : The first is , if you haue two vo-wels come to-ge-ther both ful-ly pro-nounced, and no diph-thong you must put the*for-mer of them in the for-mer syl-lable and Double conso­ nant. the lat-ter of them to the syl-lable fol-lo-wing, as in tri-all. mu-tu-all.say-ing.tri-umph. E-phra-im. Like-wise when the *The Plurall nomber. same con-so-nant is dou-bled , they must be di-ui-ded in like man-ner , as, ab-bot. ac-cord. ad-der. let-ter, dif-fer. com­ mon, ne-ces-si-tie,&c. ex-cept when they be neede-les-ly dou­ I will now leaue diuiding those syllabls which I haue taught by rule, the better to bring the scho­ ler to present practise. bled in words of the plu-rall nomber,as in plummes,whippes, hilles,cragges, for plums,whips,hils,crags. Sch. What mean you by the *plu-rall nom-ber? Mai. When na-ming a thing, we speake of mo then one, as one whip, we call the sin-gu-ler nom-ber, be-cause it spea­ keth but of one, and whips, we call the plu-rall nom-ber, be­ cause it spea-keth of mo then one. Scho. But What shall I doo, when I finde but one con-so­ One conso­ nant. nant be-twixt two vo-wels? Mai. a You must put the con-so-nant vn-to the vo-well a Because the former syllable cannot end with a conso­ nant,except the syllable following be­ gin with a consonant. follo-wing him, as in e-uer, i-nough, v-sed, be-cause,re-port, de-li-uer,re-ioy-ced, di-li-gent,re-ge-ne-ra-ting,ex-cept in some com-pound words. Sch.What kind of words be they? Mai.When two seuerall words , which we call simple words are ioyned toge-ther, as in saue-gard, two syllables, not sa-ue-gard, thr'ee syllables, b because it is made or com­ b We call that simple that is not compoun­ ded. poun-ded of two seuerall words, saue and gard, so where-of, there-in, here-out, vn-euen, lame-nes, wise-ly, where you must note , that if the last part be an addition one-ly, and sig-nifie no-thing as (nes) in lame-nes, w'ee call that a deriuatiue c The syllable will keepe the same letters, as when he was simple. word,and not a word compounded.c Mai. Also (x) is put to the vo-well before him, as in ox­ en,ex-er-cise, ex-or-cists, the reason is, because (x)d hath the d Therefore(x) is called a dou­ ble consonant. sound of two consonants, (c. and s. ) and (cs.) cannot begin a syllable. Sch. What if there come two diuers con-sonants, be­ twixt two vowels? Two conso­ nants. Mai. Then, if they be such as may, they must be ioyned, for those that can begin a word, must begin a syllable, in any part of the word. Sch. How then shall I know which con-sonants may be­ gin a word,and therefore must be ioyned ? Mai. If you turne back vnto the third Chap-ter of the first booke , they are all set down toge-ther: but because I would haue you very per-fect in these letters,I wil giue you of euery one an example: as blesse,brew,child,clap,creep,draw, dwell,flame,fret,glasse,gnat,grace, know,play,praise,scab, shall, skip,slow,smart,snuf, spend, squib, stand, sway, that, trap, twain, when,wrought. Sch. I pray now giue examples, how these must be ioy­ ned in words of mo syllabls? Mai. Marke then diligent-ly these: re-store, not thus res­ tore, because if (st) may begin a syllable, it must : nor thus, rest­ ore. because a consonant, (if there be any) must begin the syl­ able: so in re-frain,ex-e-crable. and such like : But in god-ly, sel-dom, trum-pet,lod-ged, mor-ning,&c. the midl consonants must be diuided,because none of these: (dl.ld.mp.dg.rn.) can begin a word. Therefore can they not begin a syllable. A­ gaine you may not spell thus, lodg-ed, because (ge) may be­ gin a word. Scho. Is then the same reason to b'ee obserued, if there Three or moe consonants come thr'ee or moe consonants together in the middest of a word? Mai. Yea, altogether, for as many consonants as can, must be ioyned,and the rest diuided. Scho. How many consonants may come in the beginning of a word? Mai. Thr'ee, and no moe: Therefore, if in the middest there come fower or moe, they must bee diuided , although fower may end a syllable, as in worlds. Scho. How shall I be sure, which thr'ee may be ioyned ? Mai. They are all set downe in the beginning of the fift Chapter of the first booke. But for more plainnes sake, I will giue of euery one of them an example, whereof we haue any ordinary English word, as scrape, skrew, shrink, stroke, split, spring, thrale, thwite. Scho. Giue an example for diuiding of those words, where­ in many consonants come together? Mai. One or two may serue, if you remember what hath b'een taught. As in this word constraine, you may not say co-nstraine, nor cons-traine, nor const-raine, nor constr-aine, but con-strain, because (ns) cannot begin a syllable, and (str) can,therefore it must begin it, so im-ploy, king-dom, de-struc­ ti-on,ac-know-ledg, trans-gresse, &c. And this rule must you carefully still practise, that you may readily giue the reason in all such words, why euery consonant must goe to this syl­ lable,rather then to that. But still looke as before, that some compound words must be marked,as mis-take. dis-like. trans­ pose. with-out. through-out. &c. Which if they had b'een sim­ ple words, we must haue spelled them thus, mi-stake. di-slike. tran-spose. as you haue learned, because in composition euery word must haue his own letters not mingled with other. Scho. But Sir, some men spell deriuatiue words thus, speak-eth. strength-en-ing. otherwise then you haue taught. Mai. I know it well, yet because if such like words should be so spelled, we must for them frame new rules (which were to bring a n'eedlesse oppression vpon childrens memory.) And that the former rules can bring no inconue­ nience in any word : therfore follow them without feare or doubt . And thus may you by this that you haue learned,spell truly,certainly,and with iudgement,any English word that can be laid before you. Scho. Although all men will grant, that these rules must Obiection of necessity bring a sp'eedie course of reading to as many as are of y'eeres able to discerne : yet many will not easily be­ leeue, that litle children can conceiue them, and make vse of them: And then will they rather bring confusion then profit. Mai. But experience hath taught the contrary , for a Answer. child of an ordinary capacity will and hath easily conceiued these rules, being orderly taught . But discretion must be vsed, not to trouble them with any new rule before they be perfect in the old: The words of art here vsed are not aboue eyght in all, the most of them I would haue the child learne while he is learning to spell , in the first booke, as I haue gi­ uen direction there in the beginning, which words there,and rules here, being orderly taught as is prescribed, neuer doubt by the blessing of God of a comfortable successe: Therefore I wish that no man with a preiudicat opinion do reiect them: before he hath made diligent triall vpon some ordinary wits, But would haue all such as teach to reade, that they would make their Scholers as perfect in the rules of these thr'ee Chapters as may be, being of the chiefest necessitie and vse : the other that follow because some of them b'ee more hard, containing onely differences of sounds of our English let­ ters,and other obseruations for true writing, if your child be very yong or dull, trouble him with vnderstanding no moe Although these three Chapters be of greatest vse for readers, yet let your Scholer diligently read the rest: for al­ though he doe not vnder­ stand some of the rules fol­ lowing, at the first reading, yet he may at the second. of them, then he is fit to conceiue and vse, yet let him learne to read them all, for if it were graunted that he could vnder­ stand none of them, no nor yet some of the former,yet whilest he readeth them, he learneth as much, and goeth on as fast,as by reading any other matter : For I demaund what he vn­ derstandeth, when h'ee readeth a Chapter in the Bible, yet will no man deny him profite by reading: And this hath made me longer by the one halfe for plainnes sake, then otherwise I might,knowing that in practising to read,he loseth not his labour. CHAP. 4. This Chapter layeth forth a more full declaration of certaine rules mentioned before,as of (e) in the end of a word:of those let­ ters which are not pronounced: and for writing words of the plu­ rall number. Scho. I Remember you told me that (e) in the end of a word Of (e) in the end of a word. not pronounced , beside that it draweth the syllable long, it also changeth the sound of letters, I pray which are they? Mai. It changeth the sound of these letters, u. c. g. when any of these vowels go before, as in au. eu. iu.ou. ac. ic. uc. ag. ug. so in ng. rg. as in hau*. haue. leu. leue. lou.loue. so caue. saue. *Here u) with (e) hath the sound of a consonant. And (ce) is as (se) And when a short word end in (c) we vse to ad (k.) salue. hiue. thriue. so ac. without (e) is sounded like (ak) but ace. with (e) like ase. as in ac-cord but place. race. so lic. lice truc, truce.Likewise ag. age. as stag stage. so cag. cage. so hug. huge. deluge. so hang. strange.string. fringe. so larg. large. in most of which (e) doth also draw the syllable long, as you saw in ag. age. hug. huge. Where you must marke that the sound which (g) hath in age and huge being long:in short syllables is made by putting (d) before (g) as in badg. trudg. So is it also when (e.i.) or (o) come before (g) as in leg. ledg. rig. ridg. log. lodg. which vowels before (g) are neuer long except in lieg. sieg. which is by putting in (i) Scho. But Sir, you haue vsed (e) in the end of many words not sounded, when neither it changeth sound, nor maketh the syllable long : why is that? Mai. We vse it in d'eed often, but rather of custome, (as they say) for * beauty then of necessitie , as after (i) but not *Especially af­ ter (i) and (u) as in espie, ar gue. after (y) as in bie. by. and after two consonants, or a con­ sonant doubled , as in article , angle, barre, chaffe , sonne, whereas the learned languages , neither double the conso­ nant,nor vse such (e):as the Latines say, mel.asse. ros. we mell. asse. rosse. And sometime, we vse not (e) when the word is long, as after (ll) as in all, fall, shall : yea wee vse (as) longer without (e) then asse with it. Yet sometime we vse (e) after two consonants, to draw the syllable long , for difference Whereas some would make such words as able two syl­ lables, and that (c) in the end make (bl) to be as it were a syllable, I can see no reason for it. sake,principally if the one of them be (l) as in cradle,ladle,least they should b'ee pronounced short, like sadl, radl, which some men would distinguish by doubling (dd) as saddle. But it is both vnusuall and n'eedlesse to write bibbl and chilld, to make them differ from bible and childe. Also some pronounce these words: blind, find, behind, short, other blinde, finde, behinde, with (e) long. Which (e) if wee should write after some words,it would vtterly ouerthrow the naturall sound, as if wee should write hang with (e) thus hange , wee must pro­ nounce it like strange. And hence ariseth the difference of the last syllable in hanger and stranger. So words sounding as long, song, and ending in ing, as in reading , writing, if they should haue (e) would sound like fringe,hinge as swing him in a rope: swinge him with a rod: which must not be written with (dg) frindg, (as some think)) as the former examples shew, and these words, fringed, hinged, where (d) is neuer written. Scho. If this b'ee custom without reason, what certainty shall I hold? Mai. Although it were good and easy, both for our own country learners and for strangers, that certaine rules were known and practised, (which thing might easily be done) yet because it lieth not in vs to reforme, I wish you rather to ob­ serue the best, and follow that which we haue, then to labour for innouation which we cannot effect. And let this admoni­ tion serue for all customs in the rest. Scho. I remember you promised me to set down those words which haue other letters besides this (e) either not at all, or but litle pronounced. Mai. I will either set you them down,or els giue you rules A letter not pronounced. to know them,marke them therefore,as they follow. (a) Is not pronounced when (ea or oa) come together, as (a) The ioyning of these kind of vowels may be called im­ proper diph­ thongs, be­ cause one of them is litle heard. in earth, wealth,beauty,abroad,roar,boat. where (a) doth draw the syllable long, like (e) in the end , as appeareth by these words, beast, best bread, bred, goad, god, coast, cost. as if you wrot, brede, gode, &c. And hereupon this word yeare. yeere. yere. is diuersly written:yet we say be-atitude.cre-at.cre-ator, &c. but crea-ture. And in forraine proper names wee com­ monly pronounce both, as in Iehoshabe-ath. Gile-ad. Teko-a. Bo-az. (e) Not pronounced in Georg. trueth. (e) (i) In shield. field. priest. chief. brief. shriefe. griece sieg. Mai­ (i) ster. their. view. mischiefe. fierce. friese. atchieue. marueil.reliefe. griefe. biere. adiew. interfier. kerchiefe. lieuetenant. fruit. suit. bruise. bruit. (o) In people. floud. bloud. yeoman. ieoperdy. (o) (u) In guest. guise. buy. guid. prologue. build. tongue. guile. (u) guilty. conduit. league. dialogue. plague. epilogue. synagogue. (b) In lamb. comb. thumb. debt. doubt. bdelium. (b) (c) In backe. packe. decke. pecke. licke. sticke. rocke. knocke. (c) bucke. lucke. and all like, for we vse no short words ending in (c) without (k) so in those that end in ackle.eckle.ickle.ockle. vckle. Scho. Why may w'ee not say that (k) is not pronounced in these, as well as (c.) Mai. It differeth not much which, for although that (k) doth end our English words, when they be long : as in bake. cake. seeke. speake. like. loke. duke : yet these that w'ee make short, the Latines make the same sound in (c) as lac. nec. dic. sic. hoc. duc. when we say lacke.necke. dicke.sicke.hocke ducke. (g) In signe. resigne. ensigne. flewgme. reigne, souereigne. (g) Gascoigne. (h) In Christ. mirrh. Ghost. Iohn. whole scholer. eunuch. (h) chronicles. authoritie. anchor. choller. christall. Rhene. Rhenish. rhetorike. abhominable. melancholy. So in forraine proper names, as Thomas Achaia. Cheaanah. Zacharias. Zichri. Chi­ os. Aristarchus: So those that end in arch. as Monarche : but in the beginning seldome , as Archangell, therefore commonly written Arkangell. (gh) Comming together, (except in Ghost) are of most (gh) men but little sounded, as might, sight: pronounced as mite, site: but in the end of a word, some countries sound them ful­ ly,other not at all, as some say plough, bough, slough, other plow, bou, slou : Thereupon some write burrough, some bor­ row: but the truest is both to write and pronounce them. (n) In solemne, hymne. (n) (p) Inv Psalme. receit. accompt. (p) (s) In Isle. (s) (t) Is alwaies written , but little sounded before (ch) (t) when the syllable is short , not hauing another consonant next before,as in Catch. stretch. ditch botch. smatch. except in rich. which. much. such. in which custome hath preuayled a­ gainst rule : But if the syllable be long, or hath another con­ In such rules of writing you must not only vnderstand the first originall word, but all deriuatiues ri­ sing from them. Note that (e) long sounded as in sea,not as see: is alwaies written with ea. sonant with (ch) then (t) is not written,as in attach. reproch. couch. belch. bench.&c. Here againe obserue, that custome hath preuailed against reason,els why should (a) be written in boar,boat:rather then in dore, dote: or (i) in fruite, rather then brute : But to know when to write them, and when not, you shall finde all that may br'eed doubt,set down in the table,at the end of the booke, where you may aske counsaile , as your doubtes shall arise, and not for these sorts onely,but for any other hard or doubt­ full word,especially not mentioned before in this booke. Scho. You tould m'ee you would obserue some thing more, in words ending in (es) I pray what is it ? Mai. Well remembred : It is this, words ending in (es) Words of the plurall nomber. are most of the plurall nomber, & are made of the singular by adding (s): for where it is not n'eedfull to vse (e) in the end of the singular nomber, it shall not be n'eedfull to vse (es) in the Plurall, as in iewels, ingins : except the singular end in a vo­ well,or in (w) put for (u) as in flies, pies,toes, crowes. There­ fore shall you finde, hands, things, words: more vsuall in the exactest writers, then handes, thinges, wordes with (e), al­ though both wayes be common: and this maketh the diffe­ rence betwixt mils and miles : tuns and tunes : curs and cures, and not by writing them being short with the consonant dou­ bled,as milles,tunnes,curres: which is n'eedlesse though vsuall: vnlesse it b'ee sometimes for difference of words , as to make sonnes differ from the sound of the Latine word sons. Scho. Are there then neuer moe syllables in the plurall nomber,then in the singular? Mai. Yes sometime, as when the singular nomber en­ deth in ce. ch. ge. gd. s. or sh. as in graces. places. churches. ca­ ges. hedges. noses. fishes. And this maketh the difference be­ twixt gags for the mouth, and gages for a vessell. Note also that if the singular nomber end in (f) it is turned in the plu­ rall into (v) as wife, knife, calfe, whose plurals are wiues, kniues, calues. Scho. Do all words of the plurall nomber end in (s) ? Mai. No : for we say, lice, mice, men, brethren, oxen, teeth, feet,kine, and many other. And sometime the singular & plu­ rall are both one:as sheepe,tenne sheepe, one mile, twen­ tie mile or miles. CHAP. 5. This Chapter teacheth all other obseruations that are necessary for the perfecting of a Scholer. Scho. WHat is the first thing next to be learned? Mai. You shall find some words written with (e & o) (e and o) single, when they should be written with the diphthongs, ee eo as be, he, she, me, we, do, mother, for bee, hee, doo &c. but *thee, when we speake vnto one, and the, otherwise, and so * Which Gram­ marians call the second person. must their pronounciation differ,as I wil tell thee, the matter. Secondly that ph, is as much as (f) and is vsed onely in words borrowed from the Greeke tongue. As in physicke, (ph) prophet, Phillip, Phenice: for the rest looke the Table. Thirdly some letters beside those before mentioned , haue (th) * Like (θ,) the Greeke (th.) which onely Scholers vn­ derstand. not alwayes one and the same sound. As, th. is commonly sounded, as in these words: * thanke,theefe,third,throt, thumpe: except in these words following: that, fatham, the, them, then, there,their, these, brothell, furthest, thine,this,thither, worthy,thou, though, thus, and in words of mo then one syllable, ending in ther, thed, theth, thest, thing, as father, breathed , breathest, ba­ theth seething. Also (g)when (e or i) follow, bringeth great hardnes to our (ge) and (gi) learners and strangers, being diuersly sounded : (ge) most of­ ten soundeth as (ie)as in *agent, gorget,gentle,Gentile. except *The first sort are sounded like the latine (g): the other like the greeke (γ). in these words, together get, bragget, target burgen, gesse, geld, gewgawes, vineger, anger, finger, hanger, hunger, eager,suger. And (gi) as (ji) as in giant, ginger, Clergie, imagin. &c. except in begin, biggin, giddy, gift, gig, giglet, gild, gill, guiltie,gimlet, ginnie hen, gird, girdle, girle, girth,gittron, giue,giues, Gibbon. And deriuatiues ending in ger, ged, geth, gest, ging , which follow the sound of the words whereof they be made , as in hanger, hanged, hangeth, hangest, hanging : Some men thinke that these words might be thus differently written, a childs gig, and a Scottish jig : the gil of a fish, and a jill of wine. But our English tongue will hardly beare (ji) in one syllable : Therefore to be sure when to write (g,) and when (i,) know that the sound (gi) is alwaies written with (g): And write (ie) alwaies with (i,) sauing in those words that you shall finde written with (g) in the table. But our English proper names are written as it pleaseth the printer or as men haue receiued them by tradition, otherwise why should Iermin be written otherwise then the first syllable in German or Ieffe rather then Geffe. And this I take to be the reason, when Gif­ ford is diuersly pronounced, and made two different names, which is most like to b'ee at the first, but one : yea, I haue known two naturall brethren, both learned, to write their own names differently. Moreouer (ti) before (on) is pronounced as (si)as in redemp­ (ti) tion, (exccept (s, or x.) goe before, as question, adustion, mixti­ on) and commonly before other vowels, as in patience , Æ­ gyptian, except when a syllable beginning with a vowell is added to a perfect word ending in (ti) as if (ing) bee added to pitty or (est) to lofty, it is pittying, loftiest. But the hardest thing in our English tongue, for true writing, is to discerne when to writ (ce or se,) (ci or si,) or Ce,se,ci,si. both, asscience: therfore many words that are meerely Eng­ lish, are almost left indifferent, As some write fausset some fauset, other faucet, so pincers or pinsers;bullace bullase,some bul­ leis:so Sissers,some Cisers, but exactly it is scissers. But because the most are written with,s. as seat,serue,side,sicke, &c.Ther­ fore you may writ (s) before (e and i,) except in those words that are written with (c) in the table, or any other made of them by * deriuation or composition, as if you know how to * That is by adding some thing to the beginning or end. write Cite, you must so write incite, Citation, incitation, and so in other: Note that ance, ence,ince, once, ounce, ancy,ency, are vsually written with (c,) so is it after (a) in the end, as temperance, prudence, excellency,grace, &c. except in case,base, chase, or when (s) is sounded like (z) * as amase:words begin­ *(s,) Often like (z) as brasier, like brazier. ning with transbe alwaies written with(s,)and with circum with (c)as transferre,circumstance, for other exceptions see the table. But to know when to write ci. si. ti. xi. before (on) obserue Ci. si. ti. xi. that(ci)and (xi)are seldome,as suspicion, complexion: (si)more often, as in those that end in casion, cession, cision, cursion, fes­ sion,fusion,gression,hension,lusion,mission, passion, pression,pul­ sion,rision,session,swasion, version, vision,as occasion, confession, conuersion,&c. but most vsuall is (ti) as redemption, &c.but for the particulars if you doubt view the table. Scho. What els is to be obserued? Mai. That diuers other words of the same pronounciation Diuers writing of the same sound. by changing their signification, change also their writing, as the reigne of a Prince, the reine of a bridle, & the raine falleth. Two men came to me. Their minds are there. Wait on me, and I will sell it by weight. Nay, not so, the horse doth neigh. The Sunne shineth, my sonne cryeth. Stand still here, that you may heare. A true Prophet, bringeth much profite. I heard that which is hard. This Mille wright cannot write. Some men haue a great summe of money. (o)before (m) or (n). Sometime we pronounce (o) before (m) or (n) as (u) as in come,nomber,custome,*some,sonne,&c. *The proper name is writ­ ten Some or Soame. Sometimes the same writing is diuersly sounded, as (s) sometimes like (z) , as wee vse this vse : And when (i) doth so come betwixt two vowels,as that it may be taken for a diph­ thong, or a consonant,as Iehoi-adah,or Ieho-jadah. The same wri­ ting of diuers sound. Sometimes we shall haue a word diuersly written in the same sense,as (w) is written for (u),as in (browne, broune)but especially in the ende of a word. Yet doe now, how, differ in sound from know, blow. And therefore I see no reason why now, and how, might not be written as thou and you, thus : nou,hou : that so to make a difference betw'eene these words, to bow a bow : to sow for the sow : we might write to bou a bow, to sow for the sou : And so out,and ought,and such like. Sometimes we vse the same writing and sound,in words The same wri­ ting in a diuers sense. differing in signification, as the *hart of the hart panteth. A foule can flye ouer a foule way. Thou art skilfull in the art of Grammar. *Which some write heart. The right eare. Eare thy land,for an eare of corne. My brother May,may liue till may. Sometimes a word is diuersly written and sounded in the Diuers sound and writing in the same sense. same sense, as many beginning with (in), as intent,informe, or entent,enforme : so bottell, botle,yerk, or ierk, Iayle or Gaole. So words ending in (i) as monie, iornie, tansie, or money, iorney, tansey. So words ending in (or) short may bee indifferently written with (or) and (our) as honor, fauor, or honour, fauour, (or) except for,dor,nor,abhor. Further,you must marke that words of moe then one syl­ lable,ending in this sound (us) are written with (ous) as glo­ rious,friuolous. But words of one syllable (thus)us, trusse. But to know when a word endeth in (ike) as publike, when (ike que) in (que) as oblique, being both of one sound, is hard, without Write those that end in (cus) in latine as publicus with (k) pub­ like,and those that end in (quus) as obli­ quus, with (que oblique, but traffique,be­ cause it is French. the Latine tongue, from whence most of them be borowed. The best help is deriuation, for we write publike because we say publication,(for (c) and (k) here be both one) so Rhetorike, because we say Rhetorician. The last thing I would haue you to marke, touching this part of true writing, is to know when to write (y) for (i) the vowell wherein almost so many men, so many minds : some will haue it before certayne letters, other when it commeth in a diphthong, but more reason they haue which write it when another (i) followeth as in say.ing, or in the end of a word sounded sharpe, as in deny. But I thinke naturally (y) and truely it ought not to be written but in words borrowed of the Gr'eeke,as hypocrite,myrrhe, mysticall,all which words you shall finde in the table, where you shall finde no other written with (y) for difference sake, although other where I haue written (y) for (i) without regard, following the vsuall custome. Scho. But Sir, I reade a little before Psalme, and you did not teach me,that Ps. may begin a word. Mai. Well remembred, such diligent marking what you reade, will soone make you a scholer: the answer is this: That word is borowed from the Grecians, & they doo ioyne conso­ nants that our English tongue doo not, as Mnason,Ptolemais, Rhodes : ctenes, signifying the fower fore teeth: pneuma a spirit, or breth, cnicus bastard saffron. But these are very rare, so we haue many terminations in proper names , and Latine words, which are not vsuall in English, as fons, aruns, falx, arx.in proper names, alz,anz, arz. &c. Thus alb,is of the Latines : we vse also in Latine stlata,not vsed in English : we vse also contract words in English, as hangd,for hanged. Scho. Haue I now no more to obserue for distinct reading ? Accent vsually omitted in our English printe. Mai. That which the Gramarians call accent, which is the lifting vp of the voyce higher in one syllable then in ano­ ther, which sometime differeth in a word written with the same letters, as an íncense, to incénse, where (in) in the for­ mer word,and cense in the latter is lifted vp more. You must obserue also those which w'ee call *poynts or The points are thus called: (,) a comma. (:) a colon. (.) a period. staies in writing:as this marke (,) like a small halfe Moone, noteth a small stay: two prickes thus (:) maketh a longer stay,and one pricke thus (.) is put for a full stay, as if we had ended. When a question is asked, we marke it thus (?) (?) an interro­ gation When some words may b'ee left out, and yet the sentence perfect, it is noted thus ( ) as teach me (I pray you) to reade, () a paren­ thesis but for the true framing of your voyce in all these, you must craue the help of your Maister. You must also know the short kinde of writing vsed in some words:as a strike ouer any vowel for m,or n. as man, for man, con for con, the, for the, that, for that, thou,for thou, with, for with. &c. *Called abbre­ uiations. for and so forth. In written hand there be many other. And so a word ending in a vowell, doth lose it sometime, when the next word beginneth with a vowel, as thintent, for the intent, which exactly should be written thus, * th'intent. Called apo­ strophus. Lastly, you must write the first letter of euery proper name, and of the first word of euery sentence, and verse, with those that w'ee call great or capitall letters, as Robert, Anne, England,Cambridge: As also when we put a letter for a nom­ Capital letters. ber,as V. for fiue, X. for ten. L. for fiftie. C. for a hundreth.D. for fiue hundreth. M. for a thousand. Lastly, when we put a let­ ter for a word, as L. for Lord. LL. for Lords. B. for Bishop. BB. for Bishops. Scho. Now am I sure, that I can neuer misse in spelling, or reading : nor (as I thinke) in writing. Mai. I know not what can easily deceiue you in wri­ Corrupt pro­ nounciation and writing. ting, vnlesse it be by imitating the barbarous speech of your countrie people, whereof I will giue you a taste, thereby to offer you an occasion to take h'eed, not of these onely, but of a­ ny like: Some people speake thus: The mell standeth on the hell for The mill standeth on the hill :so knet for knit : bredg for bridg : knaw for gnaw : knat for gnat : belk for belch : yerb for herb : griffe for graffe : yelk for yolk : ream for realm : aferd for afraid : durt for dirt : gurt for girth : stomp for stamp:ship for sheep: hafe for halfe:sample for example: parfit for perfect : dauter for daughter : carten for certaine : car­ char for carcheife : lease for leash : hur for hir : sur and suster for sir and sister,to spat for to spit. &c. So doe they commonly put (v) for (f) as feale for veale. And a nox, a nasse,my naunt, thy nuncle, for an ox, an asse, mine aunt,thine vncle,&c. We vse to put (n)to the words (a, my or thy) when the next word begin­ neth with a vowel,to a­ uoyde a ga­ ping ill sound. Take heed also you put not (e) for (i) in the end of a word, as vnitee for vnitie, nor (id) for (ed)as vnitid for vnited,which is Scottish : And some ignorantly write a cup a wine for a cup of wine : and other like absurdities. Scho. How shall I auoyd these dangers? Mai. By diligent marking, how you reade them written. Scho. May I then neuer vse my proper country termes, in writing? Mai. Yes : if they be peculiar termes,and not corrupting Peculiar termes. of words:As the Northren man writing to his priuat neigh­ bour may say : My lathe standeth n'eere the kirke garth, for My barne standeth n'eere the Churchyard. But if he should write publikely,it is fittest to vse the most knowne words. Scho. What can now hinder me, why I should not readily and distinctly reade any english ? Mai. Nothing at all, (if you throughly be perfect in this that I haue taught you) vnlesse it be want of more practise, which (although this you haue learned, will so sufficiently teach you, that you cannot faile in any word, though you haue neuer any other teacher) yet for your more chearefull proc'eeding, I would wish you (if you can conueniently) not to forsake your maister, vntill you haue gone through these exercises following, of which I haue made choise of all sorts, both of prose and verse, that you may not be wanting in any thing. Scho. Sir, I will follow your aduise, thanke you for your paynes, and craue the Lord his blessing. And now will I ap­ pose some of my fellowes,to see how we can remember some of these things taught. CHAP. 6. Here is set downe an order, how the teacher shall direct his schollers to oppose one another. Iohn. WHo will aduenture his credite with me in op­ When your Scholers first learne this Chapter,let one read the questions,and another the answer. posing for the victorie ? Robert. I will neither refuse you nor any in our forme,in any thing we haue learned : begin what you will. Iohn. How spell you lo? Robert. l,o. Iohn. Spell of? Robert. o,f. When your Scholers op­ pose one the other,let the answerer an­ swer without booke. Iohn. Spell from? Robert. f,r,o,m. Iohn. How write you people? Robert. I cannot write. Iohn. I meane not so,but when I say write, I meane spell: for in my meaning they are both one. Robert. Then I answer you,that p,e,o,p,l,e. Iohn. What vse hath (o) for you giue it no sound? Robert. True : yet we must write it, because it is one of the words we learned, wherein (o) is not pronounced. Iohn. Are there any moe of them ? Robert. Yea many, I will repeat them,if you will. Iohn. No,that would be ouer long. But tell me,why pro­ nounce you not (e) in the end of people? Robert. It is not pronounced in the end,if there be another vowell in that syllable. Iohn. To what end then serueth it ? Robert. We haue learned two principall vses: one is, it draweth the syllable long,as h,a,t. spelleth hat : but h,a,t,e. is hate. Iohn. How spell you Iesus? Robert. I,e,s,u,s. Iohn. How know you that it is not written with g.e? Robert. Because it is not in the table at the end of my booke : for all that be written with ge, be there, and our mai­ ster taught vs that all other of that sound must bee written with Ie. Iohn. How write you Circle ? Robert.S,i,r,c,l,e. Iohn Nay, now you misse: for if you looke in the table,you shall find it Circle. Therefore now you must appose me. Robert.I confesse mine error,therefore I will try if I can requite it : What spell b,r,a,n,c,h? Iohn. branch. Robert.Nay,but you should put in (u) Iohn. That skilleth not,for both waies be vsuall. Robert.How spell you might? Iohn. m,i,g,h,t. Robert.Why put you in (gh) for m,i,t,e. spelleth mite? Iohn. Truth, but with (gh) is the truer writing , and it should haue a little sound. Robert.If your syllable beginneth with (b) what conso­ nants may follow? Iohn. Onely (l) or (r). Robert.Where learne you that ? Iohn. In the third chapter of the first booke. Robert.And which will follow (g)? Iohn. (l,n,or r) Robert.How proue you it? Iohn. Because g.l.a. spell gla, and g.n.a. gna, and g.r.a. spell gra. Robert.When thr'ee consonants begin a syllable , how shall I know which they be? Iohn. We haue them before twise set downe, besides put a vowell vnto them, and s'ee whether they then will spell any thing,as to str put a,and it spelleth stra: but btra will spell no­ thing : therefore they cannot begin a syllable. Robert.Do not str spell star? Iohn. It spelleth nothing without a vowell. Robert. How many syllables are in this word rewarded? Make your scholer reade ouer this dia­ logue so often, vntill he can do it as readily & pronounce it as naturally, as if he spake without book. Iohn. Thr'ee. Robert. How proue you that? Iohn. Because it hath thr'ee vowels , without any of the thr'ee exceptions. Robert. How diuide you them? Iohn. Re-war-ded. Robert. Why put you w to a? Iohn. Because it is one consonant betw'eene two vowels. Robert. And why diuide you r, and d? Iohn. Because they cannot begin a syllable. Robert. What is the best way to spell a long word, as this, admonition? Iohn. I must marke how many syllables it hath, which I find to be fiue, then take the first, a, d, ad, then take the next, m, o, mo, then put them together, admo, so spell and put to the third, admoni,and so vntill you come vnto the end. Robert. What if a man should bid you write this word ? Iohn. I must follow the same order: first write downe ad, then write vnto it mo, admo, then ioyne vnto that ni, admoni, so the rest admoniti admonition. Robert. What is the best way to make vs perfect in spel­ ling hard syllables ? Iohn. My maister doth sometime practise vs,in harsh coun­ terfeit syllables, through all the fiue vowels, as in thraugh, threugh, thriugh, through, thruugh. Wrasht, wresht, wrisht, wrosht, wrusht. Yarmble, yermble, yirmble, yormble, yurmble. Whaights, wheights, &c. vaigh, veigh, &c. ianch, iench, jinch, ionch, iunch. Robert. What if you cannot tell what vowell to spell the syllable with, how will you do to finde it? as if you should write from, and know not whither you should write it with a or o. Iohn. I would trie it with all the vowels thus, fram,frem, frim,from : now I haue it. Robert. But good man Taylor our Clarke when I went to schoole with him, taught me to sound these vowels other­ wise then (me thinks) you do. Iohn. How was that? Robert. I remember he taught me these syllables thus: for Let the vnskil­ full teachers take great heed of this fault, and let some good scholers heare their children pro­ nounce these syllables. bad, bed, bid, bod, bud, I learned to say, bad, bid, bide, bod, bude, sounding a bed to lye vpon, as to bid, or command, and bid, as bide, long, as in abide : bud of a tr'ee, as bude, long, like rude : for these thr'ee vowels e, i, u, are very corruptly and ig­ norantly taught by many vnskilfull teachers, which is the cause of so great ignorance in true writing in those that want the Latine tongue. Iohn. You say true : for so did my Dame teach me to pro­ nounce, for sa, se, si, so, su, to say, sa, see, si, so, sou : as if she had sent me to see her sow, when as(se)should be sounded like the (sea) and (su) as to (sue) one at the law. Robert. But let me returne to appose you : How were we taught to find out the naturall sound of consonants ? Iohn. By the sp'eech of a stutter or stammerer,as to marke how he laboureth to* sound the first letter of a word : as if *For letters were first de­ uised accor­ ding to sounds the stammerer would pronounce Lord, before he can bring it foorth, he expresseth the sound of (l) which is the first letter, and so of all the other consonants. Robert. How many waies may you expresse this sound(si)? Iohn. Onely thr'ee : si, ci, and sci, or (xi) which is (csi) Robert. Now you haue erred as well as I : for (ti) before a vowell doth commonly sound (si) , and now I will giue you ouer for this time : but I will challenge you againe to mor­ row,both in some new questions, in some part of that which we haue learned, and also after euery lesson : and as you are in saying, I will marke where you misse, and therein will I deale with you. Iohn. Do your worst, I wil prouide likewise for you:and neuer giue you ouer, untill I haue gotten the victorie : for I take not so much pleasure in any thing els all day. Robert. I am of your mind : for I haue heard our maister say, that this apposing doth very much sharpen our wits, helpe our memorie, and many other commodities. But now let vs looke vnto our Catechisme, for our maister will exa­ mine vs next in that. Iohn. Nay, by your leaue we shall first reade ouer againe all that we haue learned, with the preface, titles of the chap­ ters,and notes in the margent of our bookes, which we omit­ ted before, because they were too hard: for we shall go no fur­ ther before we be perfect in this. The end of the second Booke. A short Catechisme. WHat Religion doe you professe? Christian Religion. Act.11.26. What is Christian Religion ? It is the true profession, beleeuing, and following of those things, Rom.10.9.10. Act.4.12. which are commanded and taught vs by God in the holy Scrip­ tures. What call you the holy Scriptures ? The word of God contained in the bookes of the old and new te­ 2.Tim.3.16. stament. Doth this Scripture or word of God containe in it all poynts of true Religion,and euery thing necessarie for the saluation of a Christian? Yea. Tell me then from this Scripture, how many Gods be there? 2.Tim.3.16 17. One. What is God ? Deut. 4.35.& 6.4. An euerlasting Spirite, immortall, inuisible, most strong, onely Eph.4.6. 1.Tim.1.17. Iohn 4.24. 1.Iohn 5.7. Matth.3.16.17 wise. How many persons are there? Three. Which be they? The Father,the Sonne,and the holy Ghost. Matth. 28. 19. 1.Iohn 5.7. Psal.19.1.7. & 29.3,4,5. Rom. 1. 19. & 10.18 How is God knowne? By his workes, word and spirite. Who created the world ? *God. *Heb.11.3. Gen.1.1. Heb.11.3. Whereof did he create it ? Of nothing,and that by his word. Who made you ? God the Father. Gen.1.27. 1.Cor.8 6. How did he create you ? In holinesse and righteousnesse. Ephe.4.24. Gen.1.27. Rom.11.36. Why were you thus created ? To glorifie him. Are you able to doe this of your selfe ? No. Rom.3.10,11 12. Why so ? Because I am a sinner. Rom.3.23. 11.Ioh.1.8.10. How come you to be a sinner, seeing you were so perfectly created? By the fall of Adam. Rom.5.12.18. 19. What was his sinne? Disobedience against God, in eating of the forbidden fruite. Gen.3.6. Rom.5.12. How commeth it to passe, that you are become a sinner in A­ dam? Because he was the Father of all mankinde. Rom.5.12. How doe you proue that you are a sinner? By the testimonie of mine owne conscience, and by the lawe of Rom.2.15,& 3.20. Gal.3.19. God. What is the lawe of God? A perfect rule of righteousnes commaunding good, and forbid­ Psal.19.7. ding euill : the summe whereof is contained in the commaunde­ ments. How many be there ? Tenne. Exod.34.28. Rehearse them ? 1 Then God spake all these words and said: I am the Lord thy Exod.20.1. God, which haue brought thee out of the land of AEgypt, out of the house of bondage, thou shalt haue none other Gods but me. 2 Thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen Image, nor the likenes of any thing that is in Heauen aboue, nor in the earth be­ neath nor in the water vnder the earth, thou shalt not bow down to them,nor worship them, for I the Lord thy God, am a iealous God,and visit the sinnes of the Fathers vpon the Children,vnto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me, and shew mer­ cie vnto thousands,to them that loue me,and keepe my comman­ dements. 3 Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vaine, for the Lorde will not holde him guiltles that taketh his name in vaine. 4 Remember that thou keepe holy the Sabboth day,sixe daies shalt thou labour and doe all that thou hast to doe, but the sea­ uenth day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God, in it thou shalt doe no manner of worke, thou, and thy Sonne, and thy Daughter, thy manseruant, and thy maidseruant , thy cattell , and the stranger that are within thy gates, for in sixe dayes the Lorde made hea­ uen and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the sea­ uenth daye, wherefore the Lord blessed the seauenth day,and hal­ lowed it. 5 Honour thy Father, and thy Mother,that thy dayes may bee long in the land, which the Lord thy God giueth thee. 6 Thou shalt doe no murder. 7 Thou shalt not commit adulterie. 8 Thou shalt not steale. 9 Thou shalt not beare false witnes against thy neighbour. 10 Thou shalt not couet thy neighbours house, thou shalt not couet thy neighbours Wife,nor his Seruant, nor his Maide, nor his Oxe,nor his Asse,nor any thing that is his. Are these words,I am the Lord thy God,&c.A commandement or preface ? A preface to the whole law. Leuit.19.2.9. How be the commandements deuided? Into two tables or parts. Exod.31.18. & 34.26. How many be there of the first table? Foure. How many of the second? Sixe. What doe the commaundements of the first table teach you? My dutie towards God. Matth.22.37. What doe the commaundements of the second table teach you? My duetie towards my neighbour. Matth.22.39. Are you to vse the commaundements as prayers? No,because they be no petitions but commandements. Are you able to keep them, without breaking any one of them, in thought,word,or deede? No. Why? Because I am readie and disposed by nature, to offend both God Ephe.2.3. Rom.3.10. and my neighbour. To what end then serueth the lawe? To shew vs our Rom.3.10 Galat.3.24. Pro.2,1,8. Psal.119.105. Rom.6.23. miserie, and so leade vs to Christ : and to bee a rule euer after for the well ordering of our liues. What is the punishment for the breach of the lawe? Eternall destruction of both body and soule. Is there no way to escape it,and be saued? Yes. How? By Iesus Christ. Act 4.12. Who is this Christ? The sonne of God, perfect God and perfect man. Mat 3.17. Rom.9.5. Esai.9 6. Heb.1.6. Could there no other meane, nor person bee found in Heauen or Earth to saue you, but the sonne of God must doe it? No verely. Must he needes be God and man? Yea. Why ? First,because he must dye for vs,and God cannot dye,therefore he Heb.9.22. must be man. Secondly, he must ouercome death, which being onely man,he Heb.2. 14. could not, therefore he must also be God. How did he saue you ? As he was man * perfectly righteous, he performed the perfect o­ *1.Pet.1.19. & 2.22. Heb.4.15 bedience of the law,and satisfied the *iustice of God for me. And as hee was God, hee ouercame death, and raysed vp his bodie the third day. *1.Pet.2.24. & 4.1. 1.Pet.3.18. Are all men partakers of this benefit of redemption purchased by Christ? No,there are a number that shall haue their part in hell with the Matth.25.46. & 7.23. Reuel. 22.15. diuell and his Angels. Who are they that haue their part in the death of Christ? Onely such as truly beleeue. Iohn 3.16. Galat.3.26. *Heb.10.22. Rom.4.20.21. *Iohn 1.12. *Act.4.12. What is faith ? Faith,is* a full assurance of * my saluation in Iesus Christ*alone. Hath euery man this faith in himselfe ? No,for it is the * gift of God,and not of *nature. *2.Thes.3.2. Phil.1.29. *Mat.16.17. How is faith gotten? By the outward hearing of the worde of God preached,and the in­ ward working of the Spirite. Rom.10.17. How is it strengthned and increased in you ? 1.Cor.1.21. Acts 2.41. 2.Cor.4.13. Acts 16.14. Iohn.8.31.and 6.17. 1.Pet.2.2. By the same preaching of the word,and the vse of the Sacraments, and prayer. How shall a man knowe whether hee haue this true and sauing faith,or no? By the fruites and markes thereof. What be the fruites of faith? A hatred of all sinne, a continuall care to please GOD in the Acts 2.37. Heb.11.7. Psal.119.113. 1.Iohn 3.14. dueties commaunded,an vnfained loue to Gods word and to his people. Rehearse the summe of your Faith ? I beleeue in God the Father almightie, maker of heauen and earth, and in Iesus Christ his onely Sonne our Lord : which was conceiued by the holy Ghost,borne of the Virgin Marie, suf­ fered vnder Ponce Pilate, was crucified,dead,and buried, hee des­ cended into hell, the third day he rose againe from the dead, he as­ cended into heauen,and sitteth on the right hand of God the Fa­ ther almightie,from thence hee shall come to iudge the quicke and the dead. I beleeue in the holy Ghost, the holy Catholique Church,the communion of Saints,the forgiuenes of sinnes, the re­ surrection of the bodie, and the life euerlasting.Amen. How many parts be there of this Creede? Two. Which be they? The first is of God,the second is of the Church. Let vs now come to the meanes of strengthning our faith, as of the Sacraments and prayer : and first what is a Sacra­ ment ? A Sacrament is a seale and pledge of those benefits of my salua­ Rom. 4.11. tion, which I receiue by Christ. How many Sacraments be there in the Church of God? Two. Matth. 28.19 & 26 26. Which be they ? Baptisme,and the Supper of the Lord. 1. Cor.11.23. Who ordained them ? The Lord Iesus. Matth. 26 26. 1. Cor.11.23. To what end? To strengthen our faith,and to further our repentance. How many things are to be considered in a Sacrament ? Two. Which be they ? The signe, and the thing signified. Gen.17.11. Rom. 4.11. In Baptisme,which is the signe that may be seene? Water. Acts 8.36. What is the thing signified? The washing away of my sinnes by the blood of Christ. Ioha 3.5. How is your Faith strengthened by Baptisme? By Baptisme I am receiued into the familie and congregation of Mark. 16.16. Acts 2.38. the Lord,and am thereby fully assured,that both my sinnes are for­ giuen me,and the punishment due to the same. What do you professe in Baptisme ? To dye vnto sinne,and to liue vnto righteousnesse. Rom.6.3. In the Supper of the Lord, which bee the Signes that may bee seene? Bread and Wine. Mat.26.26.27. 1.Cor.11.23. 24 25. What do they signifie? The bodie and blood of Christ. How is your Faith strengthned by the Supper of the Lord? By the Supper of the Lord my Faith is strengthned, that as I re­ ceiue the bread and wine into my body to become mine : so doth my soule receiue withall Iesus Christ, with all the benefits of his death to be wholy mine. Is the bread and wine turned into the naturall bodie and blood of Christ, flesh, blood,and bone? No,the bread and wine of their owne nature are not changed,but in vse they differ from other common bread and wine, because they be appoynted of God to be signes of the bodie and blood of Christ. Why then doth Christ say ; This is my body? It is a figuratiue speech vsuall in the Scripture , as circumcision is Gen.17.10.11 Exod.12.11. called the couenant, the Lambe is called the passeouer: and yet it is not the couenant,nor the passeouer,but a signe of it. How do you eate Christs bodie,and drinke his blood? Spiritually, and by Faith. Iohn 6.63. Are all persons without exception to be admitted to the Supper of the Lord? No. Who are not to be admitted? Children,Fooles, Mad-men, Ignorant persons, knowne heretikes, 1.Cor.11.28. Tit.3.10. open and notorious sinners not repenting. What must he doe that will come worthily to the Supper of the Lord? He must proue and examine himselfe. Wherein must he examine himselfe ? 1.Cor.11.28. 29. First, what knowledge he hath in the principles of Religion,and especially in the matter of the Sacrament. Secondly, whether he hath true faith in Iesus Christ,or no. Thirdly, whether he bee penitent and sorie for his sinnes past, Matth.5.23. Rom.12.18. Heb.12.14. purposing to leaue them,and to liue godlie,endeuouring himselfe to be in brotherly loue and charitie with all men. Then it seemeth there be some, who albeit they come, yet they lose the benefit of this communion in themselues? Yea. Who be they ? Such as come not in faith, and are not grieued for their sinnes past, as hypocrites,vnciuill men, Church Papists,priuie enemies to Gods 1.Cor.11.30. 2.Chro.30.18 word,and so many of the godlie as come not sufficiently prepa­ red,procure a punishment. What is the other helpe you haue to increase Faith ? Prayer. What is prayer ? Prayer,is a spirituall action of Faith wherein we require of God Rom.8.26. in the name of Christ,all things necessarie,his glorie and our com­ Iam.1.6. 1 Iohn.5.14. fort. To whom must you pray ? To God only. Psal.50.14.15. In whose name ? In the name of Christ. Iohn.16.23. Then you may not pray to Saints,or Angels, or to God in the name of a Saint or Angell ? No. Why ? Because there is neither commandement,promise,nor example in the Scripture for it. How must you pray ? As Christ hath taught me,saying: Our Father which art in heauen, halowed be thy name. Thy Matth.6.9. kingdome come, thy will be done in earth as it is in heauen. Giue vs this day our daily bread. And forgiue vs our trespasses. As we forgiue them that trespasse against vs. And lead vs not into temp­ tation. But deliuer vs from all euill : for thine is the kingdome, the power and glorie,for euer. Amen. How many petitions be there in this prayer ? Sixe,three concerning the glorie of God, and three our owne ne­ cessities. What are these words; Our Father which art in heauen ? A preface or introduction to the prayer. What are these words : For thine is the kingdome , the power and glorie for euer ? The conclusion of the prayer. What do you owe to God for all his benefits ? Thanksgiuing. Psalm.116.12. 13. Is it enough that you thanke him with your lips alone ? No,but I must bee obedient to his lawes and commaundements : Ephe.5.10. Deut.8.3.6. &c. which grace the Lord graunt. Amen. Sundry necessarie obseruations for a Christian. 1. THat we keepe a narrow a watch ouer our hearts, words,and a 1.Pet.1.15. deedes continually. 2. That with all care the b time bee redeemed, which hath been b Ephes.5.16. Col.4 5. idly,carelesly,and vnprofitably spent. 3. That once in the day at the least priuate c prayer and medita­ c Col.4.2. tion be vsed. 4. That care be had d to do,and receiue good in companie. d Luk.14.15, 16. 5. That our familie bee with diligence and regard e instructed, e Deut.4.9. & 6.7. Gen.18 19. f Pro.31.27. 28. f watched ouer and gouerned. 6. That no more time or care be bestowed in g matters of the world,then must needes. g Col.3.2. 7. That we stirre vp our selues to h liberalitie to Gods Saints. h Heb.13.16. Gal.6.10. 8. That we giue not the least bridle to wandring i lusts and af­ i Col.3.5. Ephe.5.3, 4. fections. 9. That wee prepare our selues to k beare the crosse, by what k Matth.16.24 meanes it shall please God to exercise vs. 10. That wee bestow sometime not onely in l mourning for l Dan.9.3, 4. &c.20. Lament.1.1. our owne sinnes,but also for the sinnes of the time and age where­ in we liue. 11. That we m looke daily for the comming of our Lord Iesus m 1.Cor.1.7. Tit.2.13. Christ,for our full deliuerance out of this life. 12. That we vse (as we shall haue opportunitie, at least as we shall haue necessitie) to n acquaint our selues with some godly n Iam.5.16. and faithfull person, with whom we may conferre of our christian estate, and open our doubts, to the quickning vp of Gods graces in vs. 13. That wee o obserue the departure of men out of this life, o Eccles.7.4. Philip.1.23. Reuel.22.20. their mortalitie, the vanitie and alteration of things belowe, the more to contemne the world, & to continue our longing after the life to come. And that wee meditate and muse often of our owne death,and going out of this life, how we must lie in the graue, all our glorie put off, which will serue to beate downe the pride of life that is in vs. 14. That we p reade somewhat daily of the holy Scriptures, for p Deut.17.19. 20. Iosh.1 8. Psal.1.2. Dan.9 2. the further increase of our knowledge. 15. That wee q enter into couenant with the Lord to striue a­ gainst all sinne,and especially against the speciall sinnes and cor­ ruptions of our hearts and liues, wherein we haue most dishonou­ q Nehem.9.38. 2.Chron.34.31. red the Lord,and haue raised vp most guiltines to our owne con­ sciences,and that we carefully see our couenant bee kept and con­ tinued. 16. That wee r marke how sinne dyeth and is weakened in vs, r 1.Pet.1.14. 2.Pet.2.20.21. 22. s Matth.18.8. 1.Thes.5.22. and that we turne not to our old sinnes againe,but wisely s auoide all occasions to sinne. 17. That we t fall not from our first loue,but continue still our t Reuel.2.4. affections to the liking of Gods word,and all the holy exercises of religion, u diligently hearing it, and w faithfully practising the same u Iam.1.19. w Iam.1.22. Rom.2.13. x Eccl.4.17. in our liues and conuersations : that wee x prepare our selues be­ fore we come, and meditate and conferre of that wee heare, either by our selues, or with other : and so marke our daily profiting in religion. 18. That we be often occupied in y meditating on Gods bene­ y Ephe.5.20. Psal.116.12.13 & 118.15. fits and workes,and sound forth his praises for the same. 19. That we z exercise our faith by taking comfort and delight z Phil 1.23. 2.Tim.4.7.8. in the great benefit of our redemption by Christ, and the fruition of Gods presence, in his glorious and blessed kingdome. 20. Lastly,that we make not these holy practises of repentance common in time,nor vse them for course. A Prayer framed according to this Catachisme. ALmightie God and most mercifull father in Iesus Christ, as Miserie. thou hast plainly set before vs our cursed estate,in the cleare glasse of thy heauenly word,so we beseech thee to open our eyes to see it,and pierce our hearts to feele it, by the inward wor­ king of the holy spirit. For wee O Lorde,are most vaine and vile creatures,iustly tainted with the rebellion of our first parents,con­ ceiued in sinne,bondslaues of satan, necessarily, and yet willingly seruing diuers lusts,and committing innumerable sins against thy Maiestie, whereby we deserue most iustly to endure all miseries in this life, and to be tormented in hell for euer. But blessed bee thy name O Lord our God, who when there was no power in vs, no, Deliuerance. not so much as any desire or endeuor to get out of this wofull e­ state,hast made vs see and feele, in what case wee were, and proui­ ded a most soueraigne remedie for vs, euen thy deare and onely begotten Sonne,whome thou hast freely offered vnto vs,not onely kindling in vs a desire to enioy him, but enabling vs by a true and liuely faith,to lay hold vpon him, and to be partakers of all his be­ nefits, to the saluation of our soules. And now O Lorde, that it Pietie. hath pleased thee, by faith to ioyne vs to thy sonne Iesus Christ, and by thy spirit, to make vs members of his body : wee humbly beseech thee,by the same spirite, to renewe vs daily according to thine owne image. Worke in our hearts a daily increase of true faith, and repentance, and in our liues a holy and comfortable change. O Lord enable vs in some good measure, to walke wor­ thie of all thy mercies , and to serue thee , who hast created and chosen vs,and thy Sonne, who hath redeemed vs from death, and made vs heires of glorie,and thy blessed spirit, who doth continu­ ally sanctifie and keepe vs, with faith, feare, and zeale, in true holi­ nesse,and righteousnesse all the dayes of our life. Finally,seeing of thine infinite goodnesse and mercie, thou hast appoynted diuers excellent and holy meanes for the daily encrease of thy graces in vs,and for the confirming and quickning of vs in a Christian con­ uersation, we humbly beseech thee,to grant al those good meanes vnto vs,and to continue them amongst vs, giuing vs grace to vse them purely, constantly and zealously, to the glorie of thy name, profit of our brethren, and saluation of our soules, through Iesus Christ,to whom with thee O Father,and the holy Ghost, be giuen all honor and glory for euer, Amen. A thankesgiuing before meate. O My heauenly Father, I thank thee through Iesus Christ for ma­ king these creatures to serue mee, and for giuing mee leaue to feede on them: now I humbly pray thee to giue mee grace mode­ rately and soberly to vse them,that my bodily health may bee still continued to thy glorie,the good of others,and mine owne com­ fort in Christ Iesus, Amen. A thankesgiuing after meate. O Lord,feeling my bodie to be refreshed with meate and drink, and my minde also fitter to doe those things which thou re­ quirest of me:let it now bee my meate to doe thy will, and those workes which belong to my dutie with all cheerefulnes and good conscience, that for these and all other thy mercies, my thankful­ nesse in heart, word and deede, may bee acceptable in thy sight to the ende of my life, through Iesus Christ,to whom with thee and the holy Ghost be all honour,glorie, and thanksgiuing now and for euer, Amen. A Prayer for the Morning. O Lord God our heauenly father , wee thy poore and wretched creatures, giue thee most humble and heartie thanks for our quiet and safe sleepe, and for raising vs vp from the same. We be­ seech thee for Iesus Christes sake, to prosper vs this daye in our la­ bour and trauell,that it may be to the discharging of our dutie in our vocations, principally to thy glorie, next to the profit of this Church and common-weale, and last of all to the benefite and content of our Maisters. Graunt deare Father, that we may chere­ fully and conscionably doe our businesse and labours , not as men-pleasers, but as seruing thee our God, knowing thee to bee the chiefe maister of vs,and that thou seest and beholdest vs with thy fatherly eyes, who hast promised reward to them that faithful- ly and truely walke in their vocation, and threatned euerlasting death and damnation to them that deceitfully and wickedly doe their workes and labours. We beseech thee O heauenly father, to giue vs the strength of thy spirit, that godly and gladly we may o­ uercome our labours,and that the tediousnesse of this irksome, la­ bour which thou for our sinnes hast powred vpon all mankinde, may seeme to vs delectable and sweete. Fulfill now O Lord these our requests,for thy sonne our Sauiours sake, in whose name wee pray as he himselfe hath taught vs. Our Father,&c. A Prayer for the Euening. MOst mercifull God and tender Father, which besides thine in­ estimable mercies declared and giuen vnto vs in the making of the world for our sakes, in the redeeming of vs by the death of thy deare Sonne Iesus Christ,in the calling of vs to the knowledge of thy blessed worde,in keeping of vs hitherto in thy holy Church, and in thy most gratious gouerning of vs, and all things hitherto for our singular wealth and commoditie, hast also most fatherly cared for vs,and kept vs this day from all daungers both of soule and body, giuing vs health, foode, apparell, and all other things necessary for the comfort and succour of this poore and miserable life, which many other doe want:for these and all other thy good giftes and gracious benefites, which thou of thine owne goodnes onely and fatherly prouidence, hast hitherto powred vpon vs,and doest presently powre vpon vs and many other, we most humbly thanke thee and praise thy holy name , beseeching thee, that as all things are now hidden by meanes of the darkenesse which thou hast sent ouer the earth, so thou wouldest vouchsafe to hide and burie all our sinnes, which this day or at any time heretofore wee haue committed against thy holy commaundements: and as now we purpose to lay our bodies to rest, so graunt the garde of thy good Angels to keepe the same this night and for euermore : and whensoeuer our last sleepe of death shall come,graunt that it may be in thee good Father, so that our bodies may rest both tempo- rally and eternally, to thy glorie and our ioy through Iesus Christ our Lorde. So be it. Psalme 119. The first part. 1. BLessed are those that are vndefiled in the way : and walke in the way of the Lord. 2 Blessed are they that keepe his testimonies : and seeke him with their whole heart. 3 For they which doe no wickednes : walke in his waies. 4 Thou hast charged: that we shall diligently keepe thy com­ mandements. 5 O that my waies were made so direct : that I might keepe thy statutes. 6 So shall I not be confounded : while I haue respect vnto all thy commandements. 7 I will thanke thee with an vnfained heart : when I shall haue learned the iudgements of thy righteousnes. 8 I will keepe thy Ceremonies : O forsake me not vtterly. The second part. 1 WHere withall shall a young man clense his way? euen by ruling himselfe after thy word. 2 With my whole heart haue I sought thee : O let me not goe wrong out of thy commandements. 3 Thy words haue I hid within my heart:that I should not sinne against thee. 4 Blessed art thou(O Lord)O teach me thy statutes. 5 With my lips haue I been telling of all the iudgements of thy mouth. 6 I haue had great delight in the way of thy testimonies : as in all manner of riches. 7 I will talke of thy commandements, and haue respect vnto thy waies. 8 My delight shall be in thy statutes, and I will not forget thy word. Prouerbs Chapter . 1 HEare, O yee children, the instruction of a father,and giue eare to learne vnderstanding. 2 For I doe giue you a good doctrine : therefore forsake ye not my law. 3 For I was my fathers sonne, tender and deare in the sight of my mother. 4 When he taught me , and said vnto me, Let thine heart hold fast my words:keep my commaundements,and thou shalt liue. 5 Get wisdome:get vnderstanding : forget not,neither decline from the words of my mouth. 6 Forsake her not, and she shall keepe thee : loue her, and shee shall preserue thee. 7 Wisedome is the beginning: get wisedome therefore : and a­ boue all thy possession get vnderstanding. 8 Exalt her,and she shall exalt thee:she shall bring thee to ho­ nor,if thou embrace her. 9 Shee shall giue a comely ornament vnto thine head, yea, she shall giue thee a crowne of glory. 10 Heare my sonne, and receiue my words, and the yeares of thy life shall be many. 11 I haue taught thee in the way of wisdome,and led thee in the paths of righteousnes. 12 When thou goest,thy gate shall not be straight, and when thou runnest thou shalt not fall. 13 Take hold of instru" lexeme="ction, and leaue not : keepe her, for she is thy life. 14 Enter not into the way of the wicked, and walke not in the way of euill men. 15 Auoyde it,and goe not by it:turne from it,and passe by. 16 For they cannot sleepe,except they haue done euill,& their sleepe departeth,except they cause some to fall. 17 For they eate the bread of wickednes, and drinke the wine of violence. 18 But the way of the righteous shineth as the light that shi­ neth more and more vnto the perfite day. 19 The way of the wicked is as the darknes : they knowe not wherein they shall fall. 20 My sonne,hearken vnto my words, incline thine eare vnto my sayings. 21 Let them not depart from thine eyes,but keepe them in the middest of thine heart. 22 For they are life vnto those that finde them,and health vnto all their flesh. 23 Keepe thy heart with all diligence:for thereout commeth life. 24 Put away from thee a froward mouth, and put wicked lips farre from thee. 25 Let thine eyes beholde the right,and let thine ey-lids direct the way before thee. 26 Ponder the path of thy feete,and let all thy waies be ordered aright. 27 Turne not to the right hand, nor to the left,but remoue thy foote from euill. The first Psalme. THe man is blest that hath not bent, to wicked rede his eare : Nor led his life as sinners doe, nor sat in scorners chayre. 2 But in the law of God the Lord, doth set his whole delight: And in that law doth exercise himselfe both day and night. 3 He shall be like the tree that groweth, fast by the water side : Which bringeth forth most pleasant fruite in her due time and tide. 4 Whose leafe shall neuer fade nor fall, but flourish still and stand : Euen so all things shall prosper well, that this man takes in hand. 5 So shall not the vngodly men, they shall be nothing so : But as the dust which from the earth, the windes driue to and fro. 6 Therefore shall not the wicked men, in iudgement stand vpright : Nor yet the sinners with the iust, shall come in place or sight. 7 For why? the way of godly men, vnto the Lord is knowne : And eke the way of wicked men, shall quite be ouerthrowne. The 4.Psalme. O God that art my righteousnesse, Lord heare me when I call : Thou hast set me at libertie, when I was bound and thrall. 2 Haue mercie Lord therefore on me, and grant me my request : For vnto thee vncessantly to crie I will not rest. 3 O mortall men how long will ye my glorie thus despise ? Why wander ye in vanitie, and follow after lyes? 4 Know ye that good and godly men, the Lord doth take and chuse : And when to him I make my plaint, he doth me not refuse. 5 Sinne not but stand in awe therefore, examine well your heart : And in your chamber quietly, see you your selues conuert. 6 Offer to God the sacrifice of righteousnesse I say : And looke that in the liuing Lord, you put your trust alway. 7 The greater sort craue worldly goods, and riches do embrace : But Lord grant vs thy countenance, thy fauour and thy grace. 8 For thou thereby shalt make my heart more ioyfull and more glad, Then they that of their corne and wine full great increase haue had. 9 In peace therefore lie downe will I, taking my rest and sleepe : For thou onely wilt me O Lord alone in safetie keepe. The 50. Psalme. THe mightie God, th'eternall hath thus spoke: And all the world he will call and prouoke: Euen from the East, and so foorth to the West. 2 From toward Sion which place him liketh best: God will appeare in beautie most excellent : 3 Our God will come before that long time be spent. Deuouring fire shall goe before his face : A great tempest shall round about him trace. 4 Then shall he call the earth and heauens bright : To iudge his folke, with equitie and right. 5 Saying go to, and now my Saints assemble : My peace they keepe, their gifts do not dissemble. 6 The heauens shall declare his righteousnesse : For God is iudge of all things more or lesse. 7 Heare my people, for I will now reueale : List Israel, I will thee nought conceale : Thy God,thy God am I,and will not blame thee : 8 For giuing not all manner offrings to me. 9 I haue no neede to take of thee at all, Goates of thy fold, or calfe out of thy stall. 10 For all the beasts are mine within the woods: On thousand hils, cattell are mine owne goods. 11 I know for mine, all birds that are on mountaines: All beasts are mine, which haunt the fields and fountaines. The 51.Psalme,the first part. O Lord consider my distresse, and now with speed some pitie take: My sinnes deface, my faultes redresse, good Lord for thy great mercies sake. 2 Wash me(O Lord)and make me cleane, from this vniust and sinfull act: And purifie yet once againe, my hainous crime and bloody fa" lexeme="ct. 3 Remorse and sorow doth constraine me to acknowledge mine excesse : My sinnes alas do still remaine before my face without release. 4 For thee alone I haue offended, committing euill in thy sight: And if I were therefore condemned, yet were thy iudgements iust and right. 5 It is too manifest alas, that first I was conceiued in sinne: Yea of my mother so borne was, and yet vile wretch remaine therein. 6 Also behold Lord thou doest loue the inward truth of a pure heart : Therefore thy wisedome from aboue thou hast reuealed me to conuert. 7 If thou with Isope purge this blot, I shall be cleaner then the glasse: And if thou wash away my spot, the snow in whitenesse shall I passe. 8 Therefore O Lord such ioy me send, that inwardly I may find grace: And that my strength may now amend, which thou hast swagde for my trespasse. 9 Turne backe thy face and frowning ire, for I haue felt enough thy hand: And purge my sinnes I thee desire, which do in number passe the sand. 10 Make new my heart within my brest, and frame it to thy holy will : Thy constant spirit in me let rest, which may these raging enemies kill. The 67.Psalme. HAue mercie on vs Lord, and graunt to vs thy grace : To shew to vs do thou accord, the brightnes of thy face. 2 That all the earth may know the way to godly wealth : And all the nations on a row may see thy sauing health. 3 Let all the world O God, giue praise vnto thy name : O let the people all abroad, extoll and laud the same. 4 Throughout the world so wide, let all reioyce with mirth : For thou with trueth and right doest guide the nations of the earth. 5 Let all the world O God, giue praise vnto thy name : O let the people all abroad, extoll and laud the same. 6 Then shall the earth encrease, great store of fruit shall fall : And then our God the God of peace, shall blesse vs eke withall. 7 God shall vs blesse I say, and then both farre and neare, The folke throughout the earth alway, of him shall stand in feare. The 104.Psalme,the first part. MY Soule praise the Lord, speake good of his name : O Lord our great God, how doest thou appeare? So passing in glorie, that great is thy fame ? Honour and maiestie in thee shine most cleare. With light as a robe, thou hast thee be clad, Whereby all the earth thy greatnes may see. The Heauens in such sort, thou also hast spread, That it to a curtaine, compared may be. 3 His chamber beames lye in the clowdes full sure, Which as his Chariots are made him to beare : And there with much swiftnesse, his course doth endure, Vpon the wings riding of winde in the ayre. 4 He maketh his spirits, as Heralds to go, And lightnings to serue, we see also prest : His will to accomplish, they runne to and fro, To saue or consume things, as seemeth him best. 5 He grounded the earth so firmely and fast, That it once to moue, none shall haue such powers. 6 The deepe a faire couering for it made thou hast : Which by his owne nature, the hils would deuoure. 7 But at thy rebuke, the waters do fly, And so giue due place, thy word to obey : At thy voyce of thunder, so fearefull they be, That in their great raging, they hast soone away. 8 The mountaines full hye, they then vp ascend, If thou do but speake, thy word they fulfill: So likewise the vallyes, most quickly descend, Where thou them appoyntest remaine they do still. 9 Their bounds thou hast set, how farre they shall run, So as in their rage, not that passe they can : For God hath appoynted, they shall not returne The earth to destroy more, which made was for man. The 112. Psalme. THe man is blest that God doth feare, And that his lawes doth loue indeed : 2 His seede on earth God will vpreare, And blesse such as from him proceed. 3 His house with good he will fulfill, His righteousnesse endure shall still. 4 Vnto the righteous doth arise, In trouble ioy,in darknes light, Compassion is in his eyes, And mercie alwaies in his sight : 5 Yea pitie moueth such to lend, He doth by iudgement things expend. 6 And surely such shall neuer faile, For in remembrance had is he. 7 No tydings ill can make him quaile, Who in the Lord sure hope doth see. 8 His heart is firme,his feare is past, For he shall see his foes downe cast. 9 He did well for the poore to prouide, His righteousnesse shall still remaine : And his estate with praise abide, Though that the wicked man disdaine. 10 Yea gnash his teeth thereat shall he, And so consume his state to see. The 113. Psalme. YE children which doe serue the Lord, Praise ye his name with one accord, Yea blessed be alwayes his name. 3 Who from the rising of the Sun, Till it returne where it begun, Is to be praised with great fame. 4 The Lord all people doth surmount, As for his glorie we may count, Aboue the heauens high to be. 5 With God the Lord who may compare, Whose dwellings in the heauens are? Of such great power and force is he. 6 He doth abase himselfe we know, Things to behold both here below, And also in heauen aboue. 7 The needy out of dust to draw, And eke the poore which helpe none saw, His only mercie did him moue. 8 And so him set in high degree, With Princes of great dignitie, That rule his people with great fame. 9 The barren he doth make to beare, And with great ioy her fruit to reare, Therefore praise ye his holy name. The 120.Psalme. IN trouble and in thrall, Vnto the Lord I call, And he doth me comfort. 2 Deliuer me I say, >From lyers lips alway, And tongues of false report. 3 What vauntage or what thing, Gets thou thus for to sting, Thou false and flattering lyer? 4 Thy tongue doth hurt I weene, No lesse then arrowes keene, Of hote consuming fire. 5 Alas too long I slack, Within these tents so black, Which Kedars are by name: By whom the flock elect, And all of Isaacks sect, Are put to open shame. 6 With them that peace did hate, I came a peace to make, And set a quiet life : 7 But when my word was told, Causeles I was controld, By them that would haue strife. The 126. Psalme. WHen that the Lord againe his Sion had forth brought, From bondage great and also seruitude extreame: His workes was such, as did surmount mans heart and thought, So that we were much like to them that dreame : Our mouthes were with laughter filled then, And eke our tongues did shew vs ioyfull men. 2 The Heathen folke, were forced then this to confesse, How that the Lord for them also great things had done. 3 But much more we, and therefore can confesse no lesse, Wherefore to ioy we haue good cause as we begun. 4 O Lord go forth, thou canst our bondage end : As to deserts the flowing riuers send. 5 Full true it is that they which sow in teares indeed, A time will come when they shall reape in mirth and ioy: 6 They went and wept in bearing of their precious seede: For that their foes, full oftentimes did them annoy. But their returne with ioy they shall sure see : Their sheaues home bring, and not impayred be. The 148.Psalme. GIue laud vnto the Lord, From heauen that is so hye : Praise him indeed and word, Aboue the starrie skie. 2 And also yee, His Angels all, Armies royall, Praise him with glee. 3 Praise him both Sunne and Moone, Which are so cleere and bright : The same of you be done, Ye glistring stars of light. 4 And eke no lesse Ye heauens faire, And clowdes of the aire, His laud expresse. 5 For at his word they were All formed as we see : At his voyce did appeare All things in their degree. 6 Which he set fast, To them he made A law and trade, For aye to last. The Schoole-maister to his Scholers. MY child and scholer,take good heed, vnto the words which here are set : And see you do accordingly, or els be sure you shall be beat. First, I commaund thee God to serue, then to thy parents dutie yeeld: Vnto all men be curteous, and mannerly in towne and field. Your cloathes vnbuttoned do not vse, let not your hose vngartered be: Haue handkerchiefe in readines, wash hands and face,or see not me. Lose not your bookes,inkhorne nor pen, nor girdle,garters,hat nor band : Let shoes be tied,pin shirtband close, keepe well your poynts at any hand. If broken hosed or shooed you goe, or slouenly in your array: Without a girdle,or vntrust, then you and I must make a fray. If that you crie,or talke aloud, or bookes do rend,or strike with knife, Or laugh, or play vnlawfully, then you and I must be at strife. If that you curse,miscall,or sweare, if that you pick,filch,steale or lie : If you forget a scholers part, then must you sure your poynts vntie. If to the schoole you do not goe, when time doth call you to the same : Or if you loyter in the streetes, when we do meet,then look for blame. Wherefore (my child) behaue thy selfe so decently at all assaies, That thou maist purchase parents loue, and eke obtaine thy maisters praise. The first part of Arithmeticke called Numeration. ALl nombers are made by the diuerse placing of these nine Fi­ gures. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. and this circle (o)called a cypher. Now looke howe many of these stande toge­ ther, in so many seuerall places they must needs stand. But marke that thou call that which is next the right hand, the first place, and so goe (as it were) backeward, calling the next vnto him, toward the left hand, the second place, the next, the third place. And so forth, as farre as thou wilt. Secondly, the further any Figure stan­ deth from the first place, the greater he is : euery following place being greater by tenne times, then that next before, as (5) in the first place is but fiue, but in the seconde place , tenne times fiue, that is, fiue times tenne, which is fiftie. In the third place, fiue hun­ dreth. In the fourth place, fiue thousand. And in the fift place, fifty thousand. And so thou mayest proceed. As for example:this nomber thus placed: 1596. beeing this present yeere from the birth of Christ, is one thousand, fiue hundreth, ninetie, six. And this nomber 5524. being this present yeere from the Creation (though otherwise commonly taken) is fiue thousande, fiue hun­ dreth, twenty foure. But my booke growing greater then I pur­ posed : pardon me (I pray thee) though I breake off this matter, sooner then (peraduenture thou mayest thinke) I promised. Directions to the Ignorant. FOr thy better vnderstanding this briefe Chronologie following, I thought expedient to aduertise thee thus much. Thou must first be perfect in the nombers aboue, so farre as concerneth the fourth place. Then marke how I haue diuided the yeares of the world into fiue parts, called fiue periods,which I for plainnesse sake sticke not to call Chapters, therefore I beginne mine accompt fiue times,best answering ( as I thinke ) thy demaunds, when such one liued, or such a thing done: for thou commonly mouest thy question one of these fiue wayes, eyther how long was it after the Creation? or howe long after the Floud? howe long after the de­ parture out of Ægypt and the Lawe giuen ? How long before Christ? or how long after Christ? as thou thinkest it nearest one of these times. If then thou findest the name thou seekest, and the yeare set by it, looke vpward from thence to the beginning of that Chapter, and thou shalt see how long that thing thou seekest, was from the time mentioned in the Title of that Chapter. Further I haue set it downe (as thou seest ) in a diuerse letter, according to the diuersitie of the matter. If then thou seekest for any thing pro­ per to the Bible, or ecclesiasticall story, seeke it in the Romaine & Italica letters : which thou vsest to call the Latine letter, and passe ouer these in the English letter, for they concerne not thy purpose. Againe, if thou be a Grammar Scholer, or other that wouldest find some thing onely concerning any prophane Authour , seeke onely in the English letter, passing ouer the other. And because I desire breuitie, I haue omitted the Kings of Israel, Ægypt, Assy­ ria, &c. & the Prophets which wrote not, whose times thou mayst easily finde, by conference with the Iudges, and Kinges of Iudah. And note that ( y ) alone standing by any nomber, signifieth ( yeare ). Finally my first purpose in making it , was for thy sake that learnest reading. Therefore reade them so often, vntill thou canst runne them ouer as fast as any other English. CHAP. 1. After the Creation. yeare. God hauing made the world and created Adam & Heuah. Their posteritie was borne in these yeers after as followeth. 130. Sheth. 235. Enosh. 325. Kenan. 395. Mahaliel. 460. Iared. 522. Enoch. 687. Methushalah. yeere. 874. Lamech. 1056. Noah. 1556. Iaphet. 1558. Shem. 1656. The vniuersall Floud after which followeth the gene­ ration of Shem. CHAP. 2. After the Floud. 2. Arpachshad. 37. Shelah. 67. Eber. yeere. 101. Peleg. 101. Tower of Babel built. 131. Reu. 163. Serug. 192. Nahor. 222. Terah. 292. Haran. 352. Abraham. 436. Ishmael. 452. Sodom destroyed. 452. Isaac. 512. Iacob. 587. Ruben. 588. Simeon. 589. Leui. 599. Iudah. 600. Dan. 601. Naphtali. 601. Asher. 602. Issachar. 602. Gad. 602. Zebulon. 604. Ioseph. 619. Beniamin. These 12.were the Sonnes of Iacob called the 12. Pa­ triarches, of whom came the 12. Tribes of Israel. Minerua. 629. Phares. 642. Hezron. 643. Iacob went into Aegypt, where they were 215.yeere. Hercules. Lyb. Aram. Prometheus. yeere. Atlas. Aminadab. 778. Aaron. 781. Moses. Iob. Naasson. Salmon. 858. Moses deliuered the chil­ dren of Israel out of Aegipt, then was the law giuen. CHAP. 3. After the law giuen. Phaeton burnt. 40. Iosua brought the people out of the wildernesse into the land of Canaan, and reigned 18.yeares. 48. Iubilies began. 58. Othoniel iudged Israel 40. yeares , whereof Chusham the Aramite oppressed them 8.yeares. Radamanthus. 80. Boaz of Rahab. 98. Ehud and Shamgar iudged 80. yeare , whereof Eglon the Moabite oppressed 18.y. Tros ruled in Dardania and called it Troy. Pegasus. Orpheus. 178. Debora and Baruk iudged 40. y. whereof Iabin and Sisera oppressed 20.y. yeere. 198. Obed borne of Ruth. 218. Gedeon iudged 40. y. wher­ of the Midianites oppres­ sed 7.y. Theseus. 358. Abimelech. 3. y. 261. Tholay. 23. y. 284. Iair iudged 22. y. whereof the Ammonites and the Philistims oppressed 18. y. Amazones battel against Thebes. 306. Iephte. 6. y. 306. Iesse father of Dauid by O­ bed. 311. Ibzan iudged 7.y. 318. Elon 10. y. Troy destroyed. 329. Abdon the Piranothite. 8. y. 336. Samson 20 y. In the time of these 6.Iud­ ges the Philistims oppres­ sed. 356. Ely the Priest. 40.y. 397. Samuel and Saul. 40. y. 432. Brutus came into Eng­ lande, if the storie bee true. 437. Dauid reigned 40. y. Nathan, Asaph, Heman, and Ieduthun Prophets. 477. Salomon reigned 40. y. & 481. in his fourth yere built the Temple before the birth of Christ about 936.y. CHAP. 4. Before Christ. yeere. 936. Temple built. 900. Hesiod. 899. Rehoboam reigned ouer Iudah 17.y. 882. Abijam. 3.y. 879. Asa. 41.y. 838. Iehoshaphat. 25. y. 813. Iehoram. 8.y. 805. Ahaziah. 1.y. 804. Athaliah. 6 y. 798. Ioash. 40. y. 758. Amaziah. 29. y. Ionah prophesieth. 743. Rome built by Romulus vpon 4. hils, which are Palatinus, Capitolinus, Exquilinus, Auentinus, & after enlarged by Ser­ uius Tullus within the walles with other thr'ee hils, Coelius, Viminalis and Quirinalis. 729. Kingdome of Iudah voyd 11.y. 725. Sardanapalus. 718. Azariah. 52.y. Kingdome of Israel voyde 22.y. 700. Numa Pompilius the 2. Romane King. 685. Lycurgus the Lacede­ monian. yeare. Ioel, Hosea, Amos, and I­ saiah prophesie. Tullus Hostilius the 3. Romane King. 677. Iotham ouer Iudah. 15.y. Michaiah also prophesieth. 662. Ahaz. 16.y. 646. Ezechiah. 29.y. 628. Salmanasar carried the 10. tribes of Israel captiue to Babel , from whence they neuer returned. And here the race of the Kings of Is­ rael ceased. Merodachbaladan began to bring the Empire from A­ shur to Babel. 628. Simonides. Aristoxenes. Ancus Martius the 4. Ro­ mane King. Archilocus: Zaleucus: Homer : Phararis. 617. Manasseh. 55.y. Ieremiah prophesieth. 610. Sappho: Milo: Stesico­ rus: Epimenides. 564. Nebuchadnezzar. 562. Amon. 2.y. 560. Iosiah. 31.y. Zephaniah and Habakuk prophesieth. 529. Iehoakim 11.y. 526. Captiuitie, wherein Nebu­ chadnezzar carried cap­ tiues Daniel, and many o­ yeare. ther into Babylon , began the 3.y. of Iehoakim. Ieremiah continueth his prophesie in Iudah. Daniel prophesieth in Ba­ bel. 518. Zedekiah. 11. y. Ezekiel prophesieth. 507. Ierusalem destroyed , and Ieremiah with the remnant of Iudah, carried into AE­ gypt, where Ieremiah pro­ phesieth. Ezekiel continueth his pro­ phesie in Babel. 501. Consuls 2.yearely began in Rome. 495. Horatius Cocles. 494. Salathiel. 493. Dictators in Rome. 487. Tribunes of the people began in Rome. 468. Zerobabel. 466. Pythagoras:Pindarus: Democratus : Cresus : Heraclitus : Esop : So­ lon : Thales : 7. Wise men : Pisistratus. 456. Darius and Cyrus his son wan Babylon from Baltha­ zar : began the Empire of the Persians, & gaue leaue for the Iewes to returne and build the temple. 454. Temple began to be built. The historie of Ezra. yeare. Artahshashte called of pro­ phane writers Cambyses, reigned with Cyrus his fa­ ther. The historie of Ester. Ahashuerosh called Darius Histaspis, diuorced Vastie, 440. maried Ester : hanged Ha­ mon, and aduanced Mor­ decai. 438. Tribuni Militum. 425. Darius of Persia called also Artaxshast,and of prophane writers Darius Longima­ nus reigned 36.y. Haggai prophesieth. Zachariah prophesieth. 423. Malachi the last Prophet. 405. Nehemiah his storie, who builded the wals of Ierusalem. 397 Battell Peloponnesiack for 27 y. till the Lacede­ monians ouercam Athens. 386. Rome taken by Gallus a Britaine. 382. Themistocles. Aristides Aeschilus. Sophocles. Pericles. Empedocles Hippocrates. Parmeni­ des. Aristarchus. Euri­ pides. Herodotus. Ari­ stobulus. Socrates. Al­ cibiades. Diogenes. Pla­ to. Xenophon. Agestlaus. 363. Philip of Macedonia con­ quered all Grecia, after yeere. the Thebanes had sub­ dued the Lacedemonians. 351. Marcus Curtius. Manli­ us Torquatus. 350. Aristoteles. Demosthe­ nes. Epicurus. Epima­ nondas. Theophrastus. Menander. Zenocrates. 344. Battell with the Sam­ nites at Rome continued 49. y. 332. Alexander the great con­ quered Persia, he entreated the Iewes honorably , and reigned 12.yeeres. Now was the Empire of the Grecians great, which after the death of Alexander was deuided vnto his.4 Captains whereof Syria & Egypt con­ tinued vntill the Empire of the Romaines, and alwayes vexed the Iewes. Now beginneth the Storie of the Maccabees. 301. Two Decii in Rome. 300. Zeno authour of the Sto­ ickes. Acatus. Demetri­ us. Phalerius. 288. Ptolemy Philadelphus cau­ sed 70.interpreters to tran­ slate the Law into Greeke. 283. Hetruria yeelded to Rome wholly. 272. Regulus. Polybius. Cle­ anthes. yeere. 267. Battell of Carthage and Rome. 22.y. 241. Battell Affrican with Numidia. 237. Iesus Sirach. 236. Neuius. Plautus 224. Antiochus magnus. 219. Second Battell of Car­ thage, because that Ha­ nibal had recouered Spaine from Rome. 131. The thirde Battell of Carthage : which was in 3.yeeres vtterly destroy­ ed by Scipio Iunior. 129. Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essees began their Sectes. 89. Ciuill warre in Rome 8. yeers betweene Marius & Sylla, because Sylla being younger was cho­ sen Captaine into Asia to the Battell Mithridatike 78. Tigranes King of Arme­ nia. 65. Cato Vticensis. Salusti­ us. 57. Cicero Consul. 52. Britaine entred vpon by Iulius Cesar. 47. Iulius Cesar reigned Emperour 5 .yeares. 45. Virgil. Horace.Liui.O­ uid. Cornelius Nepos. 42. Octauius Augustus Empe­ rour 56.yeers. yeere. 34. Herod the great made King of Iurie: after whose death, his 4. sonnes were con­ firmed in his kingdome , and called Tetrarches. See Luke 3. 1. Temple againe sumptuously builded by Herod. Christ borne in the 42. yeer of Augustus , from which beginneth our vsuall ac­ compt. CHAP. 5. After the birth of Christ. 16. Tiberius Emperour after the birth of Christ 16.yeer. 33. Christ crucified. 33. Steuen stoned. 34. Paul conuerted. 42. Herod Agrippa President in Iury,he beheaded Iames. 42. Matthew wrote his Gospel. 44. Iames beheaded. 44. Marke preached in Egypt 46. Luke wrote. 50. Epistle to the Galathians written from Antioch. 53. Epistle to the Thessal. from Athens. 54. Philip martyred. 55. 1.Epistle to Corint.from E­ phesus. 55. 1. to Timothie from Troas. 55. To Titus from Troas. yeere. 55. 2. To Corint. from Philippie. 55. Peters 1.Epistle. 56. Peters 2.Epistle. 56. To the Rom. from Corinth. 57. Claudius Nero persecutor. 59. Epistles to the Philip.Ephes. Colos. Philemon. from Rome. 61. Actes by Luke nowe (as is thought.) 63. Iames throwne downe from a Pinacle. 69. 2. Epistle to Timothie. 69. Paul martyred at Rome. 73. Ierusalem destroyed by Ves­ pasian and Titus. 76. Ignatius Bishop of Antioch. 83. Domitian Emperour. 85. Nicholaitan Hereticks. 90. Cornelius Tacitus. Sue­ ton. Aulus Gellius. Plu­ tarch. Quintillian. Iuue­ nal.Appian.Apuleius. 93. Iohn banished to Pathmos, where ( as is thought ) hee wrote his Gospel & the Re­ uelation. yeere. 97. Iohn returned from Path­ mos to Ephesus. 100. Iohn dyed. 114. Plinie writeth for the Chri­ stians. 133. Galene. 170. Iustinus dyed a martyr. 180. Ireneus of Lions. 187. England receiueth the Gos­ pel. 202. Clemens Alexandrinus. 210. Tertullian. 216. Origen. 249. Cyprian. 289. Constantius raigned in England. 307. Eusebius. 333. Athanasius. 347. Hillarie. 347. Gregorie Nazianzene. 371. Ambrose B.of Millaine. 375. Hieronimus. 409. Chrysostome. 409. Augustine. 414. Theodoret. 500. Gothes conquered Italy, then increased Barbarisme and Papistrie. Directions for the vnskilfull. IF thou hast not been acquainted with such a table as this follo­ wing, and desirest to make vse of it, thou must get the Alphabet, that is, the order of the letters as they stand, without Booke per­ fectly: to know where euery letter standeth, as (b) neere the be­ ginning, (m) about the middest,and (v) toward the end. There­ fore if the word thou wouldest finde, begin with (a) looke in the beginning of the Table,if with ( t ) looke toward the end : Againe, if thy worde beginne with (ba) looke in the beginning of the letter (b) but if with (bu) looke toward the end of that letter, and if thou obseruest the same for the third and fourth letters,thou shalt finde thy word presently. Secondly, thou must know the cause of the difference of the letter,al written with the Romain, as in(abba) are words taken from the Latine or other learned languages,these with the Italike letter as (abandon) are French words made Eng­ lish : those with the English letter, are meerely English, or from some other vulgar tongue. The word adioyned vnto it is euer in English, and is the interpreter of it in a more familiar English word. But those that haue no word expounding them , are set down to let thee see their true writing,where I thought thou migh­ test otherwise erre. And vnderstand further, that all words , that haue in them ( y ), or ( ph ) together,or begin with(chr)(where (h)is neuer pronounced ) or end in ( isme )are all Greeke words, as hypocrite. philosophie.Christ.Baptisme. But where I say they are Greeke, I meane, with some difference of termination , for they were brought from Greece vnto vs through Rome,there they were newly stamped,and when they came vnto vs, we coyned them af­ ter our fashion,as Christ is in Latine Christus, in Greeke Christos . So Baptisme is in Latine Baptismus, in Greeke Baptismos. The like you must obserue for the Latine words, as those that we haue en­ ding in (ion) the Latine haue in (io) Creation remission,in Latine is Creatio, remission. But touching the French, we haue some of them with difference, and some without , and thus thou shalt discerne them. Those with difference are marked with this starre (*) as accomplish in French is (accomplir) and therefore you shall finde by it this marke('):the other haue none. Sometime I referre thee from one word to another, as thus at this word ( brigantine ) see barke, then those two be of one signification and so shalt thou al­ so learne varietie of words. When a word hath two significations, if one be well knowne, I omit that, as to barke as a dogge is well knowne, but a barke that is a little Shippe,is not so familiar,there­ fore I put downe that. If I shoulde put downe all deriuatiues, it would be ouer long : therefore I hope the diligent Scholer will soone learne by practise from the primitiue or originall, I haue therefore set downe some fewe of the hardest , yet some rules for them thou shalt find in the end. There are many moe from Latine and French, but being well knowne, I omit them. Abandon cast away. abba father. abbesse abbatesse, mistresse of a Nunnerie. abbreuiat shorten. abbridge see abbreuiat. abbut. to lie vnto. abecedarie the order of the let­ ters, or he that vseth them. abet. to mainteine. abhominable. abhorre. abiect base. abiure renounce. abolish make void. k. standeth for a kind of. abricot. a kind of fruit. abroad. abrogate see abolish. absolue finish. absolute perfect. absolution forgiuenesse. abstinence refraining. abstract see abbreuiat. absurd foolish. accent tune. accept take liking. accesse free comming to accessarie partaker. accident befall. accommodate to fitte to. accomplish* finish. accompt* to recken. accord agreement. accurate cunning. accrew grow. acertaine * make sure. achieue see accomplish. acorne. actiue nimble. actuall in act. acute wittie. addict giuen to adiew farewell. addresse prepare or direct. adiacent lying to adiourn * deferre. adjure make to sweare. administer gouerne or serue admire maruaile at. admiral chiefe by Sea. admission receiuing. adopt take for his child. adore worshippe. adorne beautifie. aduerse contrarie. aduertise giue knowledge. adulation flatterie. adulterate counterfait. aduocate attournie. aduouson patronage. adustion burning. affable readie and courteous in speach. affect earnest desire. affinitie kinne by marriage, affirmatiue auouching. affiance trust affianced betrothed. agent doer. aggrauat make grieuous. agilitie nimblenes. agonie g. heauie passion. alacritie cheerefulnes. alarum a sound to the Battell. alien a stranger. alienation estranging. alight. alledge * bring proofe. alliance kindred or league. allusion pointing to. allude to poynt to. aliment nourishment. almes. almightie. alphabet g. order of letters. altercation debate. allegorie g. similitude. allegiance obedience. altitude height. allegation alledging. ambassadour messenger. ambiguous doubtfull. ambition desire of honour. ambushment priuie traine. amorous full of loue. amplifie enlarge. anatomie g. cutting vp. anathema g. accursed. andiron. anguish griefe. anchor. animate encourage. annuall yeerely. animaduersion noting. antichrist against Christ. antidate a fore-date. anticipation preuenting. angle corner. anticke disguised. g. or gr. stan­ deth for Greeke. annihilate make void. ancestour. annullitie see annihilate. aphorisme generall rule. apostate g. a backeslider. apostocie falling away. amen so be it. apostle g. see ambassadour. apologie g. defence. apocalypse reuelation. alpha g. the first Gr'eeke letter. apothecarie.* apocrypha not of authoritie. apparant in sight. appeach accurse. appeale to seeke to a higher Iudge. appertaine belong. appertinent appurtenance belonging. appetite desire to eate application applying to. appose aske question. apposition apposing. approbation allowance. approue allow. approch * come nigh. appropriat make his owne. apt fitte. arbiter. arbitratour. Vmpier. arbitrement iudgement. arch. gr. chiefe. arch-angell gr. chiefe angell. arch-bishop chiefe Bishop. architect chiefe builder. argent siluer. argue to reason. Arithmeticke gr. Arte of nom­ bring. arke Shippe. armorie house of armour. arraigne arriue* come to land. arrerages debt vnpaid. artificer handicrafts man. artificiall workmanlike. articulate iointed. ascend goe vp. ascertaine* assure. assent agr'eement. ascent a going vp. ascribe giue to askew a-side. aspect looking vpon. aspire climbe vp. asperat rough. aspiration breathing. assaie proue. assaile* set vpon. assault* see assaile. assentation flatterie. assertion affirming. assiduitie continuance. asseueration earnest affirming assigne appoint. assignation appointment. assises. assistance helpe. associat accompanie. astrictiue astringent binding. astronomie. astrologie. gr. knowledg of the stars atheist g. without god. atheisme the opinion of the Atheist. attach sease vpon. attaint conuict of crime. attainder a conuiction. attempt * set vpon. attentiue heedy. attribute giue to. auarice coueteousnes. audacious bould. audience hearing. auditor hearer or officer of accompts. audible easie to be heard. auerre* auouch. augment to increase. auouch affirme with earnest­ nes. authenticall gr. of authoritie. axiome certaine principle. autumne the haruest. ballance a payer of skales. bailiffe bankerupt bankerout. banquet baptist a baptiser. baptisme. barbarian a rude person. barbarisme barbarousnes. barke* small shippe. barretter a contentious person. barrester allowed to giue counsell barter* to bargaine. battrie beating. baulme beatitude blessednes. beguile. beneficiall profitable. beneuolence good will. benigne fauorable. benignitie bountie. bereft depriued. besiege. biere to carry a dead corps. bishope ouers'eer. blanch* to make white. blaspheme g. speake ill of God. bloud. boare. beast. boat. bough. bought. bonnet cap. bracelet. bracer. breefe. brigandine coate of defence. brigantine see barke. brandish* to shake a sword. broad. broath. brothel, keeper of a house of baudery. bruise. bruit. buggerie coniunction with one of the same kind. burgesse a head man of a towne build. calliditie craftines. capacitie conceipt or receipt. cancell to vndoe. canon g. law. canonise make a saint. capitall deadly or great. capable containing. capitulat. captious catching. captiue prisoner. captiuate make subiect. carbuncle a kind of disease or stone. carnalitie fleshines. casualitie chaunce. castigation chastisment. cathedrall gr. church: chiefe in the diocesse. catholike g. vniuersall. cauldron. caution warning. celebrate make famous. celestiall heauenly. catalogue gr. bedroule. celeritie swiftnes. censor corrector. censure correction. centurion captaine. cease cement centre middest. ceremonie. certaine. certifie. ceruse. white leade. cestern. character g. the fashion of a letter. chaunt* sing. champion wild field. chambering lightnes. charter a graunt confirmed. chamberlaine, chariot Princes coach. chauncerie. cheualrie knighthoode. chiefe. cherubin order of Angels. chirograph gr. hand-writing. christ gr. annointed. chirurgeon gr. surgeon. choller gr. a humor causing anger. chronicler chronographer gr. historie writer. chronologie. gr story of times. church, faithfull people. chrystall gr. a kind of glasse. cider, drinke made of apples. cinamon. circle. circuit. cittren. citie. citizen. circumcise to cut the priuie skin. circumference round circuit. circumspect heedie. circumlocution circumstance of sp'eech. circumuent preuent. ciuet. ciuil. clamorous ready to speake ill. clemencie gentlenes. client he that is defended. cocatrice a kind of beast. collect gather. colleague companion. collation recitall. coadiutor helper. cogitation thought. collusion deceite. colume one side of a page de­ uided. comedy a kind of stage playe. commencement a beginning. comet gr. a blasing star. commentarie exposition. commodious profitable. commotion rebellion. communicate made partaker. communion felowship. compact ioyned together. compendious short. competitor h'ee that standeth with me for an office. compile gather and make. complexion. complices colleagues. compose make. composition agr'eement. comprehend conteine. comprise s'ee comprehend. concoct to digest meate. concord agr'ee. concordance agr'eement. competent conuenient. comprimit, to make agr'ee. concauitie hollownes. compulsion force. conceale. conception conceiuing in the wombe. concupisence desire. concurre agr'ee together. condiscend agr'ee vnto. condigne worthie. conduct guiding. confection compounding. confederate s'ee compact. conferre talke together. conferrence communication. confidence trust. confirme establish. confiscate forfiture of goods. conflict battaile. confound ouerthrow. congeale harden. congestion a heaping vp. congregate gather together. congruitie s'ee concord. coniunction ioyning together coniecture gesse. consent agr'eement. conscent harmonie. consequence following. conserue k'eepe. consecrate make holy. consequent following. consist stand. consolation comfort. consistorie place of ciuil iudge­ ment. consort s'ee consent. conspire agr'ee together for il. construe expound. consult take counsaile. contagious that corrupteth. contemplation meditation. continent modest abstei­ ning. contract make short. contradiction gainesaying. contribute bestow. contrite sorrowfull. contrition sorrow. conuert tourne. conuict proued guiltie. conuent bring before. conuerse companie with. conuocation calling together. conuulsion a shrinking vp. copartener fellow. copious plentifull. corps dead bodie. corporall bodilie. corrasiue. fretting correspondent answerable. corrigible easilie corrected. coroborate strengthen. couert hidden place. costiue, bound in the bodie. cosmographie gr. description of the world. counterpoise make leuell. countermand command contrarie. compunction pricking. cophin g. basket or corps chest. creede the beleefe. credence beleefe. credulous easie to beleeue. criminous faultie. crucifie fasten to a crosse. crocodile a kind of beast. culpable blame worthie. cubite a foote and a halfe. cupboard. cursorilie running fast ouer cymball an instrument. clyster or glyster. cypresse Deacon g. prouider for the poore. debilitie weaknes. deafe that cannot heare. domage* losse. decent comlie. decline fall away. decision cutting away. decorum comlines. decipher describe. dedication a deuoting. deduct take out. defect want. deflower dishonest. defraude deceiue. deformed ill shapen. define shew what it is. degenerate be vnlike his an­ cestors. dehort moue from. deitie godhead. deifie make like god. delectation delight. delicate daintie. delude deceiue. deluge great flood. delusion mockerie. demonstrate shew plainely. denison free man. denounce declare sentence a­ gainst depend hang vpon. deportation carying away. depose put from. depriue see depose depute accompte. deride mocke. deriue fetch from. deriuation taken from ano­ ther. derogate see detract. describe set forth. descend go downe. desert wildernes. desist leaue of. detest hate greatlie. detect bewray. detract take from. detriment losse. detrude thrust from. deuote giuen vnto. dexterity aptnes. diabolicall deuellish. diademe crowne. diet manner of foode. dialogue g. conference. defame. difficult hard, diocesse g. iurisdiction. diocesan that hath iurisdiction digest bring in order, see concoct. dignitie worthinesse. digresse turne from. dilate enlarge. direct guide. diminution lessening. disburse* lay out money. discend see descend. disciple scholer. discipline instruction. dissent disagr'ee. discerne see. disclose, discouerie. discord disagr'eement. discusse see dilate. disioyne vnioyne. disfranchis take away freedom. dismisse let passe. disloiall disobedient. disparagement inequalitie of birth. dispense set fr'ee. disperse spread abroad. dispeople to vnpeople a place. discent from our ancestours. dissimilitude vnlikelines. dissolue vnloose dissolute careles. dissonant disagreeing. distinguish put difference. dice. disable. make vnable. disabilitie vnablenes. disanul, make void. disputable questionable or doubtfull. diffine. discomfit put to flight. discomfiture a putting to flight. discipher lay open. disgestion bringing into order. digression departing from the matter. difficultie hardnes. diffamation a slaundering. direction ordering. dissimulation dissembling. dimension measuring. discourse. dismember part one p'eece from another. disposition naturall incli­ nation, or setting in or­ der. dissipation scattering. dissolution breaking. distillation distilling or drop­ ping downe. distinct differing. distinction a making of diffe­ rence diuulgate make common. dispoyle take away by vio­ lence. display spread abroad. distracted troubled in minde. distribution diuision. disturbe disquiet. disswade see dehort. dittie the matter of a song. diuerte turne from. diuine heauenly. diuinitie heavenly doctrine. diuturnitie dailinesse. doctrine learning. dolor griefe. dolorous grieuous. docilitie easines to be taught. dolphine a kind of of fish. domesticall at home. dominion domination rule. Eclipse g. failing. ecclesiasticall belonging to the Church. edict commande ment. edifice building. education bringing vp. edition putting forth. effect a thing done. effectuall forcible. effeminate womanish. efficacie force. effusion pouring forth. egresse forth going. enhaunce, make greater. election choise. elect chosen. elegancie fine speech. elephant a kind of beast. emerods a kind of disease. eleuate lift vp. emblem g. picture. emmot or pismire. empire gouernment. encroach. enarration declaration. encounter, set against. enduce moue. enimitie enmitie hatred betwixt. enchaunt* bewitch. enfranchise* make free. enflame burne. engrate, presse vpon. ensigne flagge for warre. enormious out of square. enterre laie in the earth. enterlace put betw'eene. enuiron compasse about. epha a kind of measure. epitaph the writing on a tombe. epitome g. the briefe of a booke. epitomise g. to make an epitomie. epistle g. a letter sent. episcopall bishoppelike. epicure giuen to pleasure. epilogue conclusion. equinoctiall when the dayes and nightes are equall. erect set vp. erronious full of errour. escheat, forfeit. essence substance. estimate est'eeme. eternall euerlasting. euangelist bringer of glad tidings. euict ouercome. eunoch g. gelded or great of­ ficer. euocation calling forth. exasperat whet on. exact perfect or require with extremitie. exaggerate heape vpon. exaltation aduancing. except. excursion running out. exceed excell. exchequer office of receipts. exclaime crie out. execrable cursed. execute performe. excrement doung. exempt free. exemplifie enlarge. exhibite put vp. exile banish. exorcist g. coniurer expedient fit. expell put out. expend consider expedition, hast. expect looke for. expire end explicate declare. exploit enterprise expulsion driuing out exquisite perfect. extend spread forth. extenuate lessen. extoll aduance. extort wring out. extract drawne out. extemporall extemporarie sodaine. Fabulous, feigned. fact deed. faction deuision factious that maketh deuision. facilitie easines. falconer. fallacie deceipt. fantasie imagine. fatall, by destinie. festiuall ferst day. festiuitie mirth. female feminine the she. fertile fruitfull. firuent hot. feuer ague. figuratiue by figures. finally lastly. fermament sky. flagon great wine cup. flexible easily bent. flux disease of scouring. fornication vncleannes be­ tweene single persons. fortification strengthing. fountaine head spring. fortitude valiantnes. fragments reliques. fragilitie brittlenes. fragrant sweete smelling. fraternitie brotherhood fraudulent deceiptfull. frequent often. friuolous vaine. frontlet a kind of head attier. fructifie make fruitfull. frustrate make void. frugale thriftie. fugitiue runnagate. function calling. funerall buriall. furbusher, dresser. furious raging. future time to come. Garboile hurly burly. garner. corne chamber. gem precious stone. gentilitie generositiegentrie. gentile a heathen. generation ofspring. gender. genealogie g. generation. genitor father. gesture. giues fetters. ginger. gourd a kind of plant. gorget. gorgious. gospell, glad tidings. geometrie g. Art of measu­ ring. gradation by steppes. graduate that hath taken degree. gratifie to pleasure. gratis freelie. guerdaine* keeper. gulfe deepe poole. Habilitie or abilitie ablenes. habitable able to be dwelt in. habite apparell. harmonie g. musicke. haleluiah praise the Lord. herault kings messenger. hautie loftie. hebrew from Hebers stocke. heathen, see gentile. helmet, headpiece. herbinger, sent before to pre­ pare. hereticall hereticke that holde heresie homage, worship. hosan-na saue I pray thee. horror fearefull sorrow hostage pleadge. host armie. hostilitie hatred. hymne a kind of song. humaine gentle. humiditie moisture. hipocrite g. hyssope. Idiot g. vnlearned. idolatrie g. false worship. ielous. Iesus Sauiour. ignominie reproach. illegitimate vnlawefully borne. illusion mockerie. imbecilitie weakenes. imbark. immediate next to. imitation following. immoderate without mea­ sure. immortall euerlasting. impeach, accuse. immunitie freedome. impediment let. imperiall belonging to the crowne. imperfection vnperfectnes. impenitent vnrepentant. impietie vngodlines. impose lay vpon. impression printing. impudent shameles. impugne disproue. impute reckon. impunitie without punish­ ment. impropriation making proper. immanity beastly crueltie. importune to be earnest with. imperious desiring to rule. incessantly earnestly. inquisition searching. incense a kind of offring. incense to stirre vp. incident happening. inchant * bewitch. incitation mouing. incline leane vnto. incumber trouble. incommodious hurtfull. incompatible. insufferable. incongruitie without agree­ ment. incontinent presently, or vn­ chast incurre runne into. indemnitie without losse. indignitie vnworthinesse. indignation hatred. induce moue. induction bringing in. indurate harden. infamous ill reported. infection corrupting. inferre bring in. infernall belonging to hell. infirmitie weakenes. inflamation inflaming. infinit without nomber. influence a flowing in. informe giue notice. ingraue carue. ingredience entrance. inhabite dwell in. inhibite, forbidde. inhibition forbidding. iniunction commaunding. iniurious wrongfull or hurtful. innouate make new innouation making new. inordinate out of order. inquisition searching. insinuate cr'eepe in. inspire breath into. insolent proud. instigation prouoking. institute appoint. intercept preuent. intercession going betw'eene. or make intreatie. interchange, exchaunge. intercourse mutuall accesse. interest, loane. interline draw a line betwixt intermeddle, deale with. intermingle, mingle with. intermission foreslowing. interpretor expounder. interrogation a question asking. interrupt breake off. intricate inwrapped. introduction entrance. intrude, to thrust in violently inuincible not to be wonne. irruption breaking in. irreuocable not to be recalled. irreprehensible without reproofe. Isralite gr. of Israel. iudiciall belonging to iudge­ ment. iubilee y'eere of ioy. iurors sworne men. iuice. iustifie, approoue. Lapidarie skilfull in stones. largesse or largis liberalitie. lasciuious wanton. laud praise. laurell bay-tree. laxitiue loose. legacie gift by will or am­ bassage. legion host legate ambassador. legerdemaine light handed. leprosie a kind of disease. libertine loose in Religion. lethergie gr. a kind of drowsie disease licentious taking libertie. liuetenant deputie. limitation appointment. literature learning. lingell shoemakers thr'eed. linguist skilfull in tongues. litigious quarrellous. lore, law. lotarie* casting of lots. loyall obedient. lunatick wanting his wits. Magitian vsing witchcraft. magistrate gouernour. magnanimitie valiantnes. magnificence sumptuousnes. maladie disease. malicious. malecontent discontented maligne hate. manicle fetter. manger. maranatha accursed. manumisse set free. march. goe in aray marte, faier. martiall warlike. marches borders. margent edge of a booke. marow. martyr witnes. matron ancient woman. matrice wombe. mature ripe. mechanicall g. handicraftes. mediocritie measure. medicine. mercement mediatour aduocate. mercer. mercie. meditate muse. menstruous defiled. melancholie g. humor of so­ litarines. melodious g. sw'eet sounding. meritorius that deserueth. method g. order. metaphor g. similitude. ministration ministring. militant warring. minoritie vnder age. monasterie colledge of monks miraculous maruelous. mirror * a looking glasse. mittigate aswage. mixtion mixture mingling. mobilitie mouing. modest sober. moderate temperate. moderne of our time. moitie. halfe moment weight or sodaine. momentanie sodaine. monarch g. one ruling all. moote argue. monument antiquitie. moralitie ciuill behauiour. mortall that endeth. mortuarie due for the deade. motiue cause mouing. mortifie kill. mountaine great hill. munition defence. mutable changable. mustaches vpper lip haire. malmesey. muses. goddesses of larning. mutation chaunge. myrrhe a kind of of sweete gume. mysticall that hath a mysterie in it. mysterie hidden secret. Natiue borne. narration declaration. n'eece necessitie. nauigation sailing. nephew. nerue sinew negligence. neuter of neither side. Nicholitan g. an heretick from Nicholas. necromancie g. blacke art. nonage vnder age. nonsuit not following. nouice. notifie giue knowledge. numeration numbring. nutriment nourishment. obeissance obedience. oblation offring. oblique croked. obliuious forgetfull. obstinate froward obscure darke. obstruction stopping. obtuse dull. occidentall belonging to the West. odious hatefull. odor smell. odoriferous sw'eet smelling. officious duetifull. oliuet place of oliues. omnipotent almightie. operation working. opportunitie fitnes. oppose set against. opprobrious reproachfull. ordure doung. originall beginning. oracle a sp'eech from God. ordination ordeining. orphant g. without parents. orthographie g. true writing. ostentation boasting. ouerplus more then n'eedeth Pacifie quiet. pamphlet a small treatise. pantofle slipper. paradise g. place of pleasure. paraphrase g. exposition. paramour an amorous louer. parable similitude. parcell. parget. partiall. partition deuision. passion suffering. Passeouer, one of the Jewes feastes. patheticall g. vehement. Patriarke g. chiefe father. patrimonie fathers gift. patronage defence. patronise defend. pauillion * tent. paucitie fewnes. pauement. peccaui I haue offended. peculiar proper. pensiue sorrowfull pentecost. g. Whitesontide. perceiue. peregrination iourneing in a strange land. peremptorie resolute. perfect. period g. end. perilous * dangerous. permit suffer. permutable changeable. perpetuitie continewance. perplexitie troubled griefe. persecute persist perseuere continue. perspicuous euident. participate partake. peruert ouerthrow. perruke haire laie forth. peruerse froward pettigree stocke. petition praier. phantasie: imagination. phesant pharisee one of that sect. physiognomie knowledge by the visage. physick. phrase forme of speach. phrensie g. madnes. philosophie studie of wise­ dome. pigeon. pirate sea robber. piety godlines. pillage spoyle in warre. pilot * maister, guider of a shippe. plaintife the complaynant. planet gr. wandring starre. plausible pleasing. plenitude fulnes. plume feather. pluralitie moe then one. policie. poitrell ornament for a horse breast. poetesse gr. a woman Poet. polish deck. pollute defile. pomgranate* a kind of fruit. ponderous waightie. populous full of people. postscript written after. protract deferre. popularitie pleasing the people. preamble forespeech. precept. predecessor predestinate appoint before. precious. precinct compasse. predominante ruling. preface see preamble. preiudice hurt. preiudicate forestalled. premunire forfeiture of goods. preparatiue preparation. preposterous disordered. prerogatiue priuiledge. presbyterie g. Eldership. prescript decree. prescription limitation. prest ready. primitiue first. prioritie. pristine old. probation allowance. prodigious monstrous. proceed. profound deepe. profane vngodlie. prognosticate foretell. progenie ofspring. prohibit forbid. prologue g. see preface. prolixe tedious. prompt readie. promulgation see publication. propitiation sacrifice to & pacifie. propose propound. propriety propertie. proroge put off. prostitute set open for vn­ cleannes. prophesie g. foretell or ex­ pound. prophet gr. he that prophe­ sieth. prospect a sight farre off. prowesse valiantnes. prose that writing which is not verse. proselyte gr. stranger con­ uerted. prostrate fall downe. protect defend. prouocation prouoking. prouident foreseeing. prudence wisedome. psalme heauenlie song. psalmographe psalmist writer of psalmes. psalter booke of psalmes. publish set abroad. publike open. publican towle gatherer. publication publishing. purgatorie place of purging. pursuit * following. puissaunce powerfulnes. putrifie corrupt. Quadrangle foure cornered. quadrant foure square. queach, thicke heape. qintessence chiefe vertue. quotidian dayly. Rapacitie rapine violent catching. ratifie establish. reall. receipt. recite. recognissance acknowledge. recoile * goe backe. reconcile bring into fauour. recreate refresh. redeeme buy againe. redemption buying againe. refection refreshing. reflexion casting backe. referre put ouer. refuge succour. regenerate borne againe. regiment gouernement. register kalender. reiect cast away. reioynder. reiterate repeat. relate report. relation reporting. relapse backesliding. relaxation refreshing. relinquish forsake. remitte forgiue. remisse loose. remorse pricke of conscience. renouate renew. renounce* forsake. repaste food. repell put backe. repeale call backe. repose put. represse put downe. repulse puting back. repugnancie contrarietie. repugnant contrarie. repute accompt. resigne giue ouer. restauration restoring. resume take againe. reuoke call back. rhetoricke g. art of eloquence. rhetorician g. skilfull in rheto­ rick. rheume. gr. rogue. ruinous readie to fall. rudiment first instruction. rupture breach. rusticall clounish. Sabbaoth rest. sacriledge church robbing. sacrament holie signe or oath. sacrifice. Sadducee a kind of sectarie. safeconduit safe keeping. saint holie one. sanctification holines. salubritie holesomnes. sanctitie sanctimonie holines. sanctuarie holie place. sandals g. slippers. sapience wisdome. satietie fulnes. satyre a nipping verse. saturitie fulnes. sauage wild. sauce. scalpe pate. scarrifie launce a sore. scepter signe of rule. schisme breach. schismatike that maketh a schisme. scripture writing. scruple doubte. scrupulous full of doubts. scourge. scurrilitie sawcie scoffing. seclude shut out. sectarie see schismatick. secundarie the second. seduce deceiue. sedulitie diligence. segniorie lordshippe. seminarie a nourcerie. senator alderman. sensible easily felt. sense. sensuall brutish. sepulcher graue. sequele following. sequester put to an indiffe­ rent man seruice. sergeant. seruitude bondage. seruile slauish. seueritie sharpnes. sexe kinde. significant plainly signifiyng. simplicitie plainenes. sinister vnhappie. situation placing. slaughter. slice. sluce. soare, mount high. sociable felowlike. societie felowship. solace comfort. solution vnloosing. solicit moue. summarie brief. sophister cauiller. sorcerie. soueraigne chiefe. spatious large. specifie signifie. speciall. spicery. splen g. milt. spongeous like a sponge. spruce. squinancie a kind of disease. station standing. stabilitie surenes. stillatorie a distilling place. stipendarie that serueth for wages. studious diligent. stile manner of speech. submisse lowlie. suborne procure false wit­ nes. subscribe write vnder. substract subtract take from. substitute deputie. subtill craftie. subuersion ouerthrowing. succeed follow. suggest prompt. sulphure brimstone. summarily briefly. superfices vpper side. superfluous needles. superscription writing aboue. supplant ouerthrowne. support beare vp. supposition supposing. suppresse. supremacie chiefdome. superior higher. surcharge ouercharge, surmount exceed. surcingle. suspense. surplus see ouerplus. suruiue * ouerliue. synagogue place of assemblie. sycophant tale bearer. synode a generall assemblie. Tabernacle tent. temerarious rash. temeretie rashnes. temperature temperatenes. temperate keepe a meane. temperance sobrietie. temple a church. tempestuous boisterous. temporise to serue the time. temporarie for a time. terrestriall earthly. tenuitie smalnes. tetrarch gr. gouernour of a fourth parte. tenure hold. termination ending. thwite shaue. timorous fearefull. tertian euery other day. testification witnessing. theologie gr. diuinitie. thyme gr. a kind of hearbe. tractable easie to handle. tractate a treatise. tragedie a solemne plaie. tradition deliuering from one to an other. traffique bargaining. transfigure change. transitorie soone passing away tranquilitie quietnes. transferre conuaye ouer. transforme transfigure. transgresse breake. translate turne. transport cary ouer. transpose change. triangle three cornered. tribunall iudgment seat. tripartite threefold. triuiall common. tribe companie. trompe deceiue. triumph great ioy. triumphant reioycing for the conquest. tribute. truce peace. turbulent. tympany gr. a kind of dropsie. Vacant voide. valor value. vanquish ouercome. vapor moisture. vendible saleable. venerable worshipfull. versifie make verses. veneriall fleshlie. vesture vestiment garment. vice. vicious. view. vincible. victorious that hath gotten many victories. vineyard orchard of grapes. vigilant watchfull. visitation going to see. vision sight. vlcer bile. vnion vnitie. vnite ioyne. vniuersall generall. vrine stale. vnsatiable that hath not inough. vocation calling. volubilitie swiftnes. voluptuous giuen to pleasure vrbanitie courtesie. vsurpe take vnlawful autho­ ritie. vtilitie profit. vulgar common. wages. wager. weight. wrought. FINIS. To the Reader. I purposed (gentle reader)somewhat heere to haue spoken, tou­ ching the true forming and signification of deriuatiues and com­ pounds as those that beginne with dis.circum. trans. in.&c, and ende in ly.tie.on.ous.able.ible.&c. but speciall occasion hath for the present altered my purpose : Also I craue pardon for many faults escaped, especially in the Table, many words being mispla­ ced and the character mistaken. But I hope the learned will with fauour see my purpose. And the vnskilfull reape the fruite, vntill oportunitie may serue to reforme it. If, notwithstanding my former reasons, thou doubtest that thy little child will haue spoyled this booke before it be learned, thou mayest fitly deuide it at the ende of the second booke, or thou mayest reserue fayre the written copies, vntill he can read. If thou thinke me either for hardnes of rule, or length of matter, vnfit for children : plentifull experience in very young ones, (be­ leeue him that hath tryed)doth dayly confute thee. Therefore to dislike before thou hast eyther tried or diligently read, were either to be rash or vnkind. Farewell. Faults escaped. Pag.3.li.2. read teacheth, pag. 5. li.29. in the margent for first read last pag.22.lin.10. asse. pag.72.16. Constantius. pag. 78.lin.4. heedie. AT LONDON. Printed by the Widow Orwin, for Ralph Iackson, and Robert Dextar. 1596.