An abstract and exposition of all things Perteyninge to the Practiq of Nauigation: To the right Honorable And my euer most Honored Lord Edward Lord Zowch Lo War den of the Cinq Ports and one of his Majesties most honorable Priuie Counsell/ This Discourse which I wrote in those lodgings wherewith it pleased your Lordsipp so honoured mee I helde it my dutie (in acknowledgment of that and many other your Lordsipps most free and honourable favours) to present vnto your Lordsipp which the faithfull and affectionat seruice of Your Lordsipps most humble And most obliged seruant Henry Maynwaringe Names Page D the Dauit 55 Deadmen-eyes 55 Dead-water 55 Decke 55 Deepe-sealand 57 Deepe sealand lyne 57 to Disimbogue 57 to Dispert 57 Docke 58 a Drabler 58 Draggs 58 Draught 58 to Dredy 59 a Drift sayle 59 Driue 59 Duck vp 59 E Earinge 61 to Ease 61 an Eddye 61 an Eddye winde 61 End for End 61 Enter 61 Enteringe ladder 62 Enteringe Rope 62 Eyes 63 Eyelet-holes 63 F Faddome 64 Fake 64 Falle off 64 Falls 64 the Fashion pieces 65 Fender Bolts 65 Fenders 65 Fidd 65 Fidd-hammer 65 Feights 66 Fyre-worke 66 a Fish 66 the Fish 66 Fish-blocke 66 Fish-hoake 67 Flaggs 67 Flaire 67 Floane 67 Floode 68 Flooke 68 Floate 68 Flowe 68 the Flower 69 Flush 69 the Flye 69 to Free 69 Free shott 69 the fore foote 70 Fore-locke 70 Foremast 70 a Former 70 Fore-reach 70 Fore sayle 71 Fore-tope mast 71 Fore yarde 71 Fowle 71 Fowlewater 71 Founder 72 Furr or Furdde 72 Futt-hookes 73 to Furthell 73 Furthelling-lynes 73 G Gage 74 Gale 74 the Garborde 74 Garborde streake 75 the Garnett 75 a Gridinge 75 Girte 75 Goareinge 75 Goosewinge 76 Grapnells 76 Gratings 76 to Graue 77 a Gripe 77 Grometts 78 Ground & Goundinge 78 Ground timbers 78 Gudgins 79 a Gull 79 the Gunwall 79 a Guye 79 to Hale or over-Hale 81 Hale yards 81 to Hand or Handinge 81 a Hand-speeke 81 the Harpings 81 Hatches 81 Hatch-way 82 to hale or ouer hale 82 the Hauses 82 a Hauser 83 the Head 83 Head lynes 83 Head sayles 83 Head-sea 83 to Heaue 84 the Heele 84 to Heele 85 the Helme 85 to Hitch 85 to Holde off 86 Hony Combde 86 the Hoakes 87 a Horse 87 the Holde 88 the Hounds 88 Howlsome 88 Howsinge in 89 to Hoise 89 the Hull 89 Hullinge 90 a Hullocke 91 I the Ieere 92 Ieere Capstaine 92 Irone-sicke 92 a Iunck 92 a Iury-mast 93 K to Keckle or Kecklinge 94 a Kedger 94 to Kedge or Kedgeinge 94 the Keele 94 the Keele rope 95 Keeleson 95 a Ketch 95 Kenells 95 a Kenke 95 Knaue lyne 96 Knees 96 Kneetles 96 the Knights 96 Knitledg 97 Knotts 97 L to Labour 98 Ladder 98 to Lade 98 a Ladell 99 Landfall 99 a Land-locked 99 Land-too 99 Land-turne 99 a Langrell 100 Lannyers 100 Large 100 to Lase or Lasinge 100 to Lash or Lashes 101 Lashinge 101 Lattchetts 101 Launch 101 to Laye aland 102 a Leake 102 Lodges 103 Lee 103 the Lee-fangs 103 the Leetch 104 Leetchlynes 104 Leggs 104 Lett fall 104 Lifts 105 Lymbers or 105 Lymber holes 105 Lynes Pinns 105 Lockers 105 a Log-lyne 106 the Loofe 107 a Loofe hooke 107 to Loome 107 a Loome gale 107 a Lust 107 Lye vnder the sea 108 M to Man 109 a Man of warr 110 the Manger 110 Marlinge 111 a Marlinge speeke 111 Mart-netts 111 Masts 112 Matts 113 Mettle 113 the Missen 114 the Missen Mast 114 the Missen tope Mast 114 the Missen yard 114 to Moare or Moareinge 114 to Mount 115 Munch seame 115 Murderers 116 N Neale too 117 Neaps or Neaptide 117 the Needle 117 Nettings 118 Nettings sailes 118 Nippers 118 O to obserue 119 Ockham 119 the Offinge 119 Offward 119 Orlopp 119 Ouersett 120 Ouerthrowe 121 the Outlicker 121 Ooze or Oozie 121 P a Pantch 123 a Parbunckle 123 to Parcell or Parcellinge 123 Parcells 123 the Partners 123 a Passerado 124 the Paule 124 to Paye 125 a Peck 125 Pendants 126 the Pillowe 126 a Pintell 126 Pittchinge 126 Platts 127 a Plott 127 a Poyne 128 the Poope 128 a Porte 128 to Porte 128 Powches 129 Powder 129 the Powder roome 130 Preddy 130 Preuenter Rope 130 a Prouiso 130 the Prowe 130 Priminge 131 Puddings 131 Pulleyes 131 Pumps 132 the Pumpe brake 133 the Pumpe Cann 133 Pumpe dale 133 to Purchase 133 Puttocks 133 Q the Quarter 135 Quarter deck 135 Quarteringe 135 Quarter winds 135 a Quoyle 135 to Quoyle 135 Quoynes 136 R Rabettinge 137 Rake 137 Ramhead 138 a Rammer 138 Ranges 138 Ratlinge 139 a Reach 139 to Reeue 139 Ribbs 139 to Ride 140 Riders 141 Rigginge 141 Ringbolts 142 the Riseings 142 Risinge tymbers 142 a Roade 143 a Roader 143 Roapes 143 Roape yarnes 144 Ribbins 144 Roofe trees 144 Roue & Clintch 145 the Round house 145 Round in 145 the Rowle 145 Rowse in 146 the Rudder 146 the Rudder roape 146 Rudder irons 147 to Runnidg 147 Rung-heads 148 the Run 148 the Runges 148 the Runner 149 S Sailes 150 to Serue 150 a Scarfe 151 a Scuttle 151 to Sease or Seasinge 152 a Seele 152 Sende 153 to Sett a land Sunn or 153 Shipp by the Compasse 154 Settle adeck 154 Sewinge or to Sewe 154 Shackles 154 the Shanck 155 Shanke Painter 155 Sheareinge 155 Sheates 155 Sheathinge 156 Sheepe-shanckes 157 Sheere-hookes 157 Sheeuers 157 Sheeres 157 the Shoare 158 Shoares 158 Shott 158 Shott of Cabell 159 Shoule 159 Shrouds 159 the Syllender 159 Synnett 159 the Skegg 161 the Skiff 161 Skuppers or Skupper holes 162 Skupper leathers 162 Skupper nayles 162 a Slatch 162 Sleepers 162 Slings 162 to Slinge 163 a Smyttinge lyne 163 a Snatch-block 164 Socketts 164 a Sounde 164 to Sounde 165 Soundinge-leade 165 Soundinge-lyne 165 Speekes 165 to Spell 166 a Spell 166 to Spend 166 a Spindell 167 to Splice 167 Splitt 167 to Spoone 168 to Springe 168 the Springe or 168 Springe tydes 168 Spritt saile 169 Spritt saile topmast 169 Spritt saile topsaile 169 Spritt saile yard 169 Spunge 169 Spunne yarne 170 Spur kettes 170 Standinge Parts of Runninge ropes }170 Standinge ropes 170 Staye or bringe a 171 Shipp a stay 171 Stayes and backstayes 172 the Stearne 173 to Steere 173 the Steeridge 173 the Stemm 174 a Stepp 174 to Steue or Steuinge 174 Stewards roome 174 Stoaked 174 Stopp 175 a Stopper 175 to Stowe 176 a Stake 176 a Strapp 176 Streame Anchor 176 a Streame a Cabell 177 a Stretch 177 to Stricke 177 Studdinge sailes 177 a Sturrop 177 Sucke 178 Swifters 178 Swiftinge 179 T Tacks 180 to Tacke ashipp 180 Tackells 181 Tallee 181 Tampkin 182 Taperinge 182 Taper-bore 182 Tarr-poulinge 182 Taught 182 Taunt 183 a Tempest 183 the Thaughts 183 Thight 183 Thoules 183 Thwarr-Shipps 184 Tydes 184 Tyes 185 the Tiller 186 Tyer 186 Toparmes 186 Top mast 186 Top Ropes 187 to Towe 187 Transom 187 Trauers 188 Trauers-bord 188 Tree nayles 189 Tressell trees 189 to trise 190 to Trye 190 the Trymme 190 the Trough of the sea 191 Truckes 191 Trunnions 192 Trusses 192 the Tuck 192 to Turne 192 V Veere 193 Veereinge 193 Violl 193 W Waft 194 the Wake 194 Wale 194 Wallreared 195 Walt 195 a Warpe 195 to Warpe 195 to Wash ashipp 195 Wash off the shoare 196 Wast-boards 196 Wastclothes 196 Watch 196 Water-borne 196 the Water lyne 197 Water shott 197 the Water way 197 Wauinge 197 Way of ashipp 197 to Weather 198 Weather bowe 198 to Weather coyle 198 Wedges 198 the Whelpes 199 the Whipp 199 Whooddings 199 Winde 199 Windinge tackle 200 a Windlasse 200 Winde taught 200 Wood & Wood 201 a Worme 201 Wormeinge 202 Would or 202 Wouldinge 202 Y Yarde 203 a Yawe 203 a Yoke 203 An Abstract and exposition of all things Perteyninge to the Practique of Nauigation:/ A Aft or Abast Is a sea terme properly vsed abord the shipp to distinguish betwixt thinges done or placed fromwardes the Stemm towardes the Sterne of the shipp. As when they saye come aft goe aft, or the like: That is goe Towardes the Sterne. Hale the sheate Aft: The mast hanges Aft That is towardes the Sterne. A shott Raked the shipp fore and Aft. That is came in before and went out a Sterne Alsoe we vse to saye Abast the foremast Soe that the word is not particularly lymitted to anie parte of the shipp: But from anie parte of the shipp hath relacion to anie thinge done or placed towardes the Stearne in respect of anie that are towardes the Stemme: As for example when wee hoise our yarde wee saye stretch forwardes the mayne halle­ yarde whose place is abast the Mainemast And contrarywise Stretch aft the fore halliareswhich are placed before the Maine Mast but Abast the foremast. When shipps meete (or beinge in Consort) desire to knowe how the Companie doth they vse to demand how they doe all fore and Aft The reason whereof is for that the whole shipps company is divided, both in respect of their laboure & Commaundes into Two partes. The Boate swayne and all the Common Saylors vnder his comaund to, be before the Maine Mast The Captaine master. Masters Mate Guners Quarter Masters Trumpeters &c. to bee abast the Maine Mast:/ Aloofe Is a terme used in Condinge a shipp, when goes vpon a Tacke, and is Commmonly spoken from the mouth of the Conder, to the Steeres man, when he suffers the Shipp to fall off from the wynde and doth not keepe her soe neere by a wynd as she maye well lye:/ Amaine Is a terme used by the men of warre (and not by Merchant Men) when they encounte???FBlock??? a shipp for that implies asmuch to the other as to bid him yield. Amaine is used in this same alsoe, when anie thinge is to be lett downe by a Tacke into the hold or elsewhere or that a yard is to be loward or the like; Then when they would haue it come downe as fast as they came; They call Amainewhich is to lett goe that parte of the Ropewhich they held before to lett it downe easilie and by degrees. It is alsoe an adiunct to the greatest and cheifest of some parte of the shipp vizt The Maine mast the Maine saile the Maine Beame &c. In Men of warr wee vse Wauinge Amainewhich is either with a bright sword or anie other thinge to make a signe to them that they should strike their topp sailewhich Commmonly they doe either on the for topp or on the Poope, To strike amaine is to lett fall their Topsailes: Anchor The forme and generall vse of an Anchor is comonly knowen. But the severall partes proporcions distinccions and apellacions vnderstood by very fewe but practised and experienced Seamen The Anchor doth consist of these severall partes. The Ringe the Head the Eye the Nutt the shanke the Beame or Arme, the Flooke towhich belongeth astocke The proporcion wch it holdes in it selfe is the shankewhich is thrise as longe as one of the flookes, and halfe the beame. The pproporcion in respect of shippinge is To a shipp of 500 Tunnes wee allowe 2000 weight for his shanke Anchor the bigest shipp in Englandes Anchor is but 3300 The distinccions are made by the vse according to their proporcion they beare to the shipp in wch they are imployed for thatwhich in one shipp would be called but a kedger or kedg Anchorwhich by occation of their severall vses receive severall names and appellacions are first a Kedgerwhich is the smalest wch by reason of that lightnesse is fittest to stopp the shipp in kedginge downe a River: The next a streame Anchor wch wee vse in deepe waters to stopp a tyde wthall in faire weather The others they call by the name of first second and Third Anchor. All these beinge such as the shipp may ride by in anie reasonable weather seagate or tyde. These are somewhat bigger then another an other and usually when they saile in anie Straightes or are meere a Port they carry two of these at the Bowe wch is the couse they are alsoe called by the name of first Second and Third Bowers:/ The otherwhich is the biggest and thatwhich the Sea men call their last hope and is neuer vsed but in greate extremitie is called the sheate Anchor this is the true Anchor a spei for this is their last refuge. The Anchor is a Cocke bell when the Anchor hanges right vpp and downe by the shippes side And there is appoynted by the Masters when they are Ready to bringe the shipp to an Anchor Lett fall the Anchor let it goe downe into the Sea The Anchor is a Peake: That is when heaveinge vpp the Anchor the Cable is right perpendiculer betwixt the Hause and the Anchor The Anchor is fowle That is when the Cabell by the turninge of the Shipp is gott about the flookewhich will not only Cutt the Cabell asunder but make the Anchore not to hold. And therefore when ever we come to an Anchor where there is tyde we laye out Two Anchors soe as that vpon the turninge of the Tyde, The shipp wind vpp cleere of either Anchor. Cleer the Anchor That is gett the Cabel off the Flooke: or generally when they lett fall the Anchor they vse this terme to see that the Buoy Rope or noe other Ropes belonginge to the shipp doe hang aboute it, Fetch or bringe home the Anchor, That is to way it in the Boate and bringe it a bord the shipp. The Anchor comes home That is when the shipp drives a waye wth the tyde or Sea, This may happen either because the Anchor is to smale for the burthen of the shipp or for that the ground may be too soft and oozie In such places we vse to hewe the AnchorThat is to putt Boordes of the Flooke in the forme of the Flooke and make it much broader then before. In Porto Ferrene by Tunis I sawe the experience of Tallowinge an anchore whenthe ground beinge soe soft wee shodd our Anchors and yet they all come home, and the shipps drave a ground, only anie shippwhich had an Anchor Tallowed road fast The reason I could never truly knowe but suppose that it might because the Tallowe suncke deepe in the Ooze and found some harder ground at the bottom then the other, Boate the Anchor. That is putt it into the Boate:/ Anchoringe or Anchoridge Is when we lett fall an Anchor or more into the Sea with Cabells to them soe that the shipp may ride fast by them wee saye there is good Anchoringe when there is Shoule water for In deep waters, the Sea hath more force against a Ship, and the Anchors are very longe a wayinge upon anie occasion: Ground that is not to soft or Oozie inwhich the Anchors can have noe- fast hold Nor too hard and knotty soe that it ride in is a Stiffe claye or a hard sand where they may ride out of the waye of the `tyde And lastly where they may ride Land- Locked, soe as that the Sea gate can have noe power against them: Towhich may be added that the Lee Shore on every side is soe soft, that if a shipp come aground she can catch no hurt or else that they may have Sea roome to sett Sayle If their Cabells breake or their Anchor comes home That placewhich hath all these Comodities is good to ride in and here we saye is good Anchoringe or Anchorige Bad Anchor- ing is in a place where all or many of that Contrary Conditions are to be found: Anchor stocke Is a peece of Tymber fitly wrought and fastened at the Nuttes crossinge the flookes the use whereof is to guyde the Anchor vpon the ground that one of the flookes may be sure to fasten in the ground wthoutwhich the Anchor would lye flatt vpon both the flookes, and take noe holde. The proporcion whereof is usually taken from the length of the Shancke:/ Arme This is not used as a word of Allarum att Sea as it is a land: for att Sea, wee oft vse to saye make readie the shippwhich implies the fittinge of all thinges belonginge to a feight. A shipp that is full of Munition small and greate and her feightes and ordinances well disposed and placed is called a shipp well armed To arme a shott is to bynd some Ockhand or Rope, yarne, or ould cloutes &c. a bout one end as in crosebarr shott it is most commonly vsed, That that end which goes fast out of the peece should nott catch hold in anie flawes of the Peece whereby it be in danger to breake it The same wee vse to anie Peece of broken iron of one or two foote longewhich we vse when we come bord & bord, in feight and of our greate Ordinance wee vse alsoe to arme some smale shott for musketes like our Crosebarre. an Awninge Is a saile or anie other thinge made of Canvas or the like which is spread over anie parte or all of the shipp a bove the deckes to keepe a waye the Sunne That thereby in hott Countryes men maye take the ayre and yet not be soe subject to the beames of the Sunne: In all hott voyages, This is of infinite vse both to keepe men from the Sunne by daye, and the dewes by night, which in some places are wonderfull infectious:/ Axeltrees The Axeltree is the same in a Carriage as in a Coach or Carter And doth support the Cheekes of the Carriage whereon the Peece doth lye Alsoe we call the Iron which goes through the Wheele of the Chayne Pumpe & beares the Waight of it: The Axeltree of the Pumpe;/ B Bale Is to lade water out of the shipp holde wth Buckettes Cannes or the like, This because it is more labourious & tyres men sooner and doth not deliver soe much as all the Pumpes will wee never vse but in great extremetie when either a leake doth over growe the deliueringe of the Pumpes or else that the Pumpes doe faile vs - wch happens manie tymes in extraordinarie longe Pumpinge: That the Pumpe with over much weareinge draw winde or Chance to be Stoaked or else the Pumpe Boxes Irons or the like doe faile vs:/ Ballast Is that Gravell Stones lead or anie other goodes wch is layd next to the keelson of the shipp to keepe her fast in the Sea; Of Ballast That is best which is heaviest, lyes Closest and fastest and is drest both for the shipps bearinge a saile stowinge of goodes, The health of the Companie and saveinge of Caskes or other goodes whereof if a shipp have too much shee will drawe too much water; If too little she will beare not sayle To trench the Ballast that is to divide the Ballast in anie parte of the shipps holde, which is Comonly done to finde a leake in the bottome of the shippe or to vnstocke the shipp: The Ballast Shootes, That is runnes over from one side to an other, and therefore Corne and all kinde of gaine is dangerous loadinge for that will shoote, but only that they make Poutches as they are called, that is Bulkheades of boardes to keepe it vpp fast, that it doe not runne from one side to another as the shipp doth heele vpon a Taske:/ a Baye Is when twoo Loyntes or Head Lands lie soe farr of in to the Sea, that drawing a straight lyne from the one to the other there ys made towardes the Maine-Lande a hollownesse or part of a Circle which is filled with water, bee yt more or lesse, that same is called a Baye vnlesse there be anie pas­ sage Navigable thorowe for then it beares the name of a Straight and not of a Baye But comonlie wee doe not giue it the name of a Baie vnlesse there be some emynent depth and Indraught as tis vsuallie tearmed And yt matters not whether the distance be­ twixt the pointes bee little or much) for the Baie of Biscaie, the Baie of Portingale, the Baie of Mexico and divers others are manie score Leagues over from head Land to head Land And also in depth and Tar­ bey in Deuonshire wch maine the like is not aboue Mile ouer Word-entry absent from British Library Sloane MS 207 but found in British Library Additional MS 21571, fol. 15v. the Beake or Beakehead Is that parte which is fastened to the Stemme of the shipp and is supported with a knee which is fastened into the Stemm and this is called the mayne knee To this is fastened the coller of the mayne staye: In the Beakehead the foretackes are brought to bord, And is the proper stand where men doe handle most partes of the sprit sayle and Sprit sayle top saile Rigginge, And it is alsoe placed for the fashion and grace of the shipp The Beakeshead Steeves or standes, Steeveing, That is standes very much with the outwardmost end vp towardes to Boate spritt The Beakeheades of the Venetian Argores & Spanish Gallions doe soe very much - by which we knowe them afarr off./ Beame The Beames are those greate Crosse tymbers wch keepe the shipps sides asunder & doe support the Deckes or loopes: accordinge to whose strength a shipp is much the better or worse, able to carry Ordinance: All stronge and greate shipps have a Tyre of Beames in hould,, that is a Rowe of Beames wherein lies noe decke The Maine Beame is ever the next to the Maine mast, at wch place wee recon the bredth of the shipp. And from this wee call the Beames, which forward & aftward by the name of first second, third &c. begininge from this wee call the Mydshipp Beame:/ to Beare This word in some cases is taken in the ordinarie sense and as for carryinge much, As when we saye a shipp will beare much Ordinance, that is carry much by reason of her strength: Alsoe the beareinge or Stowinge of much goodes, from whence when we describe the greatenes of a shipp we saye she is a shipp of such a burthen But is is vsed in many senses different accordinge to the diversitie of the Phrases: to Beare saile that is as much to saye she is a stiffe sided shipp and will not lower downe of a side with a greate deale of saile: a A shipp to beare out her ordinance That is ment her Ordinance lie soe high, and she will goe soe vpright that in reasonable feightinge wether she wilbe able to keepe out her lower tyre and not be forct to shutt in her Porte One shipp overbere the others That is was able in a greate Gale of winde to carry out more saile then the other vizt A Toppsaile more or the like To beare vnder the Lee of A shipp is when that shipp is to weather comes vnder the other shipps Sterne and soe gives the winde to her that is the greatest Curtesie that a shipp cann give an other att Sea:, The Peece will Beare more shott or not soe much The Peece will Beare more , That is she is overcharged or else will endure a greater charge The Peece doth come to beare: A terme in the vse of Ordinance by which is ment that now shee lyes right with the marke:/ Beare in when a shipp sailes before or with a large winde into a harbor or Channell or else sailes large towardes the land we saie she beares in with the Channell Harbor or land: But if she saile Close by a winde we vse not that speech:/ Beare off when a shipp would not come neere a land or an other shipp but goe more roomyer then her Course doth lye we saye that she beares off from the land Alsoe when wee tell how our head­ land Iland shipp or the like doth lye from an other (That is vpon what poynt of Compasse) wee saye they beare right East or west or otherwise off one an other: In hoysinge anie thinge into the shipp If it catch hold by anie parte of the shipp or Ordinance or the like, They saye Beare it off from the shipps sides, soe if they would have the Breech or mouth of a Peece of Ordinance or the like, putt forwares on, They saye Board off or beare about the Peece, Soe that generally Seamen vse this word beare off in business belonginge to shippinge in steed of the word Thrust off which to the like sense is most Commonly vsed a mongst others:/ Beare vp This is a word we vse in the Condinge the shipp when as wee would have her goe larger or more before the winde then she did Beare vp Round That is to saue to putt her right afore the winde, or to bringe her before the Lee The manner of doeinge it is noe more but thrustinge the Helme vp to windward as farr as it will goe towardes the shipps side: Bedds When the deckes lye to lowe from the Portes soe that the Carriages of the Peeces with the Trunkes Cannot mount the Ordinance fittingly butt that they will lye too neere the Portlase or Gunwall Then we make a false decke for soe much as the Peece will require for her Traversinge to raise it higher, This we call a bedd Alsoe in the Carriage of the Peece That Plancke which lyes lowermost next the Carriage vnder the Breeck of the Peece Whereon the loynes do lye is called the Bedd. to Belay Is to make fast anie runninge Rope when it is halde as much as you would As the Hallyiards when you hoise a yard or the sheates or Tackes & soe that it cannot Runn forth againe till it be loosed:/ A Bend Is the outwardmost tymber on the shipps side and is alsoe called a wale These are the Cheife strength of the shipps sides to which the Fluttockes and knees of the Teames are boulted and they are called by the name of first Second &c. beginning wth that next the water:/ to Bend or Bent Is taken in the Common sense as when the Shancke of the Anchor is with overmuch swayinge crooked wee saye it is bent But it is otherwise vsed As when they saye is the Cabell bent That is when it is seized and made fast to the ringe of the Anchor Vnbend the Cabell That is vnbende it which we are Commonly when wee make accompt to be longe at sea before wee come into Harbor To bend two Cabells or Ropes together, that is to tye them together wth a knott and soe make their owne endes fast vpon them selves: This is not soe sure as spliceing two Ropes together but it is sooner done and most Comonly vsed when wee meane to take them asunder againe as when a warpe or anie rope is too short for the present vse:/ a Berth Is a Conveinent distance & Roome to Moore a shipp in Alsoe when they would goe cleere off a Poynt or a Rocke, They saye take a good Berth That is goe a pretty distance of to seabord of it Bearthing They call the raysinge or bringinge vpp of a shipps side the Bearthinge of her As they saye a Clincher hath her sides Bearthed vpp before anie Beames be putt into her;/ a Bight By a Bight is meant anie parte of a Rope as it is taken Compasinge. As when we cannot or meane not to take the ende in hande, (be it of a Cabell or other smalle Rope beinge Quoyled vpp) we saye give mee the Bight or hold by the Bight That is by one of the fakes which lyes roled vpp one over an other:/ Bildge or Buldg The Bildge of the shipp is the bredth of the floore whereon the shipp doth rest when she is aground A shipp is Bilged, That is when she stickes on a Rocke, or an Anchor or the like and breakes anie of her tymbers or Planckes there and soe springes a leake:/ Bildge-water Is the water which by reason of the shipps breadth & depth lies in the Bildg and cannott come to the walle And therefore the Flemish shipps which have generally broader & lower floores then our shipps have besides the ordinarie Pumps at the Mayne Mast two Bildg Pumps/ and these Pumpes are Commo placed forwards on by the Bitts: When the Shipp is trymmed most a Head, then Shee houldes most Bildg. From "and these Pumpes are" to the end are absent from British Library Sloane MS 207 but found in British Library Additional MS 21571, fol. 19v. theBittakell Is a Close Cubbord placed in the Steeridg before the Whipp or Tyller whereon the Com& passe doth stande which is not fastende together wth Iron nayles, butt woodden pinnes because the Iron would drawe the Compasse soe that it would never stande true These are soe to be Contrived That they maye carry a Canddell or light in them to give light to the Compasse soe as they disperse not anie light nor gett to lett anie bee seene about the shipp:/ a Bitter Is noe more but a turne of the Cabell about the Bittes which is vsed in this kinde: when we come to Anchor in anie greate tyde or Current, or winde especially in deepe water after the Cabell is runn out a Convenient waye we take aturne wch is about the bittes that wee may by little & little veere it out att ease for otherwise if a stopper should chance to faile, the Cabell would runn all out or (as the Phrase is) End for End, Now the turne of the Cabell is called a Bitter And when the shipp is by this meanes stopped, we saye the shipp is brought vpp to a Bitter:/ Bitter end Is that end of the Cabell which is vsed to be wthin borde still att the Shipp, when the shipp rides at an Anchor: Soe that vpon occation when they would have that end bent to the Anchor they say bend to the Bitter end:/ the Bitts are the two mayne square peeces of tymber wch stand piller wise and are Comonly placed abast the manger in the loose of the ship and for noe other vse but to make fast and as it were to belage the Cabell vnto, when wee ride att an Anchor The lower parte of them is fastened in hold to the riders, but the middle parte doth beare for their better strength And are bolted in greate shipps to two beames which Crosse to the Bowes of the shipp And therefore in sometymes in extraordinary stormes wee are fayne to make fast the Cabell to the Mayne Mast for the better releiveinge the Bittes and safetie of the Bowes which have in great Roadsteds are violently torne from the after parte of the shipp:/ Breech Breechinge The Breech is the aftermost parthe of the Gunne from the Touchhole which is in Brasse Ordinance ever allowed to be as thicke as the Diameter of Bullett And those Ropes which are bigger then the tackles that doe make or lace fast the Ordinance to the shipps sides beinge brought aboute the Breech of the Peece are called Breechinge, These wee doe not vse in feight but at Sea and cheifely in foule weather:/ a Breice Is a wynde which blowes out of the Sea and doth daylie in seasonable faire weather keepe his Course begininge lightly about ix in the morninge and lastinge till it be wthin little of night wee doe not Commonly call all wyndes that blowe off the Sea vpon anie Coaste Breeses vnles it be there where this Course is certaine, or rarely mysses, but in Stormes and foule weather: As fore examples here on our Coast the wyndes are neuer certayne But on the Coast of Barbary and other places more Southerly they are certayne to have the wynd of the land all night and of the Sea all daye This Breeice is alsoe called a Sea turne,/ A Brestfast Is a Rope which is fastened to some parte of the shipp forward on and soe doth holde fast the shipps head to a wharfe or anie thinge else and a Stern Fast is the same for a Sterne,/ Broominge Is when a shipp is brought aground or on the Carreens to be trymmed That is to bee made Cleane. They bringe off the old weedes or Stuffe which hath gathered filth which they vsually doe either with reedes, Broome old Ropes or the like:/ a Budg Barrell Is a little Barrell not altogeather soe bigge as a barrell which hath an hundred weight of powder, and hath a purse of leather made att the head of it: which is to shutt over the Powder to keepe it from fyreinge: we vse to laye Ordinance wth this in the Harbor for healths and the like, but att Sea in feight not if we can gett Carthrages ithout wch this is the safest waye There are alsoe Latin Budg barrells which are the best:/ Bulke The Bulke of a shipp is her whole Content in holde, as to saye she is a shipp of a greate Bulke that is will stow much goodes Sometymes it is taken for the Marchantes goodes As when they saye lett our stocke goe in Bulke together To Breake Bulke is as muchas to saye to open the holde and sell or parte the goodes in hold: As the Indie shipps maye sell anie goodes which they have betwixt the deckes. But they must not breake Bulke till they have order from the Companie, That is they must not open the Holde to medle with anie Marchan­ dize therein Conteyned:/ Bulk-head Is generally anie division which is made Crosse the shipp with bordes whereby one Roome is divided from an other. As the Bulkhead of the Cabin. The Bulkhead of the decke The Bulkhead of the Breadroome Gunnroome or the like:/ Bunt The Bunt of asaile is as it were in Compa­ rison of the wind, the Codd of the Nett which receives all the fishe, and may aswell be called the very bagg of the saile, and therefore wee give a Bunt to all sailes to the intent they may receive much winde which is the Anima sensitua of a shipp: If a shipp have to much Bunt it will hange to much to Lee­ ward and as they call it hold much Leeward winde which will hinder the shipps saileinge especially by the winde If it have to little either it will not hold winde enough and soe not give the shipp sufficient waye: The difference is rather perceived in topp sailes then the other for Courses are Cutt square or at least wth allowance of small Compasse:/ Bunt Lynes Is a smale lyne which is made fast to the bottome of the saile in the midle parte of the Boltrope to a Creengle and soe reeved through asmale blocke seised to the yard. The vse whereof is to Tryse vpp the Bunt of the saile for the better farthellinge and makeinge vpp of the sailes A Bouy Is that peece of wood Barrell or the like wch floates right over the Anchor and is made fast by the Buoy rope vnto the Flooke The vse whereof is not only to take knowledge where the Anchor is: But alsoe to weight the Anchor wth the Boate which is sooner done then to weigh it with the shipp Streame the Buoy That is before they lett the Anchor fall whilst the shipp hath waye They putt the Buoy into the water soe that the Buoy Rope may be stretched out straight and then the Anchor will fall Cleere from entanglinge it selfe in the Buoy Rope Buoyant Is anie thinge that is floateing or apt to floate To Buoy vpp a Cabell, That is to make fast anie peece of floatinge wood Barrell or the like to the Cabell somewhat neere to the Anchor That the Cabell may not touch the ground This wee vse in foule groundes where wee feare the Cuttinge of our Cabells. There are Buoyes alsoe which doe not belonge to shipps And those are left att an Anchor in the Sea to showe where anie danger is of sandes or Rockes These are specially most needefull to be vsed where the sandes doe vse to alter or where wee can have noe fittinge landmarke;/ A Butt By this word taken indifferently is meant avessell or Caske, as a Butt of wine &c. But in sea language thus A Butt is properly the end of a Plancke ioyninge to an other of the outward side of a shipp vnderwater To springe a Butt that is when a Plancke is loose att one end and therefore the Boult in most great shipps, all the Buttheades, By buttheades is ment the endes of the Plancke;/ the Buttock:/ The Buttocke of a shipp is the Breadth of the shipp right asterne from the Tack vpwardes and therefore acordinge as she is buylt broad or narrowe att the Transome or layinge out of the Sterne we say the shipp hath a broad or Narrow Buttock:/ C a Cabell Is a three strand Rope intended to be sufficient for a shipp to Ride by att an Anchor for otherwise it is Counted but a hawser: For a greate shipps hawser will make a little shipps Cabell Cabells have severall appellacions as the Anchore And are called the First Second or third as they growe in greatnesse begininge with the least till it come to Sheate Anchor Cabell: the best Cabells are those which are made Of the whitest stuffe: and therefore Straights Cabells are the best: The next the Flemmish and Russia; the last ours The makeinge of a Cabell is termed the layinge, as to saye this Cabell was well laid: Serue the Cabell or Plate the Cabell is to binde some olde ropes Cloutes or the like to save it from gawlinge in the house Splice a Cabell is to fasten two Cabells togeather with a Splice: Coile a Cabell is to laye it vpp in Rowles one a bove an other Cable tire is the Cabell soe layd vp in Roules Pay more Cabell That is when they Carry out an Anchor and Cabell in the Boate to turne over into the sea some Cabell that the Boate may Rowe the Easier and the Cabell be slacke in the water: Pay Cheap. That is fling it over the water a pace Veere more Cabell, That is lett more goe out Shott of Cabell vide shott:/ Caburnes Is a smale lyne made of spunn yarne, to bindd the Cabells or to make a Bend of two Cabells or to sease the wyndinge tackles or the like;/ a Calme & Becalme Is when at sea wee have not anie wynde: And then wee add to it these Epithitons: flatt dead or Starke Calme: A Calme is more troublesome to a Seafareinge man then a storme if he have a stronge shipp and Searoome enough In some places (as in the Straightes) when it is extraordinary greate storm with much windes and a wroughte sea on the suddaine there wilbe noe winde but a flatt Calme yett an extraordinarie billowe, wch is wondrous troublesome and dangerous, for then haveinge noe vse for sayle to helpe her stedy on aside, the greate sea will make a shipp roule soe that unlesse she be a very fast shipp in the water she wilbe in danger to rowle her Maste by the board or her selfe vnder water Becalminge is when anie thinge takes a way the winde from another As when one shipp is vnder the Lee of an other, The Windermoste shipp doth becalme the Leeward Mast; Alsoe when wee are neere the land which keepes the winde from vs, we saye it doth becalme vs:/ Camber or Camberinge We saye a decke lyes Camberinge when it is higher in the middle then att either end and soe doth not lye vpon aright line This word is most Commonly applied to the shipps Keele Beames and other Roundinge Peeces in the shipps frame Camber keeled, is when the Keele is bent in the middle vpwardes which happens many tymes by a shipp vneven lyinge vpon the ground when either her aftermost par,te or foremost doth not touch: But the most Common cause and cheife reason of Camberinge in great and longe shipps is the sharpnesse of the hull afore & abast, and the fullnesse of the floore a myde shipps which haveinge noe breadth to beare vpon the water is harder to sinke then both endes before & abast wch by reason of the sharpenesse, and greate weight over head, ther Rakes which over hanges the grounds worke, sinkes faster into the water, and soe their weight forces the Keele & whole worke in the Mydshipps to weigh vpwardes wch is the mayne reason of the shipps Camberinge;/ the Cap: Is the square peece of tymber which is putt over the head of anie Mast, with a Round hole for to receive into it the Topmast, or flagstaffe by which the Toppmast is kept steddie: For is the head of the Mayne Mat be too shorte soe that the Capp stand to neere the heele or bottome of the Top­ Mast: The Topmast will neuer steddie and beside the weight of the Topmast will strayne the head of the Mayne Mast soe much that it wilbe in Danger to spend it, or beare it by the bord Euery Mast hath a Capp, if it Carry an­ other, or but a Flagstaffe at the topp;/ Cap-squares Are the broad peeces of Iron which belonge to either side of the Carriages of a peece of Ordinance to locke over the truniyons of the Peece over which they are made fast in an Iron Pinne with afore lock The vse whereof is to keepe the Peece from flyinge out of the Carryadge when it is shott off the Mouth of it lyinge very Lowe or as the Phrase is vnder Mettle;/ theCapstaine There are two kindes of Capstaines: The one called the Capstayne or the Mayne Capstayne and is that peece of tymber which is over placed right vpp and downe abast the Mayne Mast the Foote standinge in a Stepe in the Lower decke and the head beinge betwixt the two vpper deckes; the partes are these: The foote the Spindell, the whellpes, the Barrell & the Holes For the Barres To which alsoe belonge the Paule of Iron The vse of it is Cheifely to weigh our Anchore and generally to hoise or strike downe topmast or to heave in anie thinge of weight As ordinance and the or indeede to strayne anie Rope that requires greate force The second is a Geere Capstaine wch is placed in the same manner betwixt the Mayne and foremastes. The vse whereof is cheifely to heave vpp the Geere Rope or else to hold off by when wee heave the Anchor Att the foote of this there are whelpes placed in alesser proporcion which is to heave vpon the violl for the help of the Maine Captaine in weighinge a greate Anchor. Com vp the Capstaine That is these which are at the Cappstaine must goe backwardes and slacken the Rope or Cabell wch they did heave not. In the same sense they alsoe vse these wordes Launch at the Captaine; That is to stopp it with the Iron Paule which bearinge against the whellpes keepe the Capstaine from turninge back :/ The catchword on the previous page reads "like". Capstaine Barrs Are smale peeces of tymber putt through the barrell of the Capstaine through square holes of Equall length of both sides by which men doe heave and turne a boute the Capstaine: Carde or Sea Carde Is a Geographicall descripcion of Coastes with the true distance heightes and Courses or wyndes layd downe in it not describinge anie Inland which belonges to Mapps The differences and vses of them will require a longe discourse, and they are sett downe in most bookes wch write of Navigacion and therefore I leave them to those bookes:/ Careene Careeninge is the best waye of trymminge a shipp vnderwater Both for that the Carpenter maye stand vpon the Sea Foldes most comodiouslie to Caulke the Seames, or doe anie thinge that shalbe requisit Alsoe for saveinge the ground tymbers wch especially in shipps of greate Burthen and weight must needes be much wronged though they be layne neuer soe stronge Besides it is amost necessarie trymminge for greate shipps wch are either olde or weake built: And alsoe for anie shipps which have but smale flore, and are built soe sharpe vnderwater that they wilbe in danger of overthrowinge when they shalbe brought aground This Careeninge is to be done in harbor, where the slower the tyde runes the better, and it is most Commonly vsed in such places where there are noe deckes to tryme ashipp in Nor noe good places to grave a shipp on, or else that it doth not ebb soe much that a shipp may sewe drye: For the manner of Careeninge it wilbe to longe and vnnecessarie to sett downe att the perticulers: In generall it is this: They take out all or heave but little of the Prouision Ballast, Ordinance or the like in the shipp: And you must have alower shipp by her, with which she must be haled downe on aside and righted againe with tackles yet with the weight of Ballast a bove or belowe they doe effect the Cheife force of the busines and soe neuer straine the shipps Maste much Note that all shipps are not of a like Condicion to Careene for some shipps wilbe very hard to come downe though they have noe ballast in: And those are Stemminges, built wth two standinge streakes These must have some weight vpon the streake to help them downe And yet these will right them selves very Easily and therefore neede not much in holde to helpe to right them: Some (as our English built & the like) will come downe easie and be hard to right - And therefore wee keepe somewhat in all these to right them in holde & haveinge noethinge on the deckes some will come downe easilie and right them selves well. Some will doe neither, soe that there is not one waye for all, but as we see the Condicion of the shipp wee fitt thinges and worke accordingly: And kindes of bringinge the shipp over to lye on one side she beinge on floate is called Careeninge though it be but a fewe streakes If a shipp lye downe much wth a saile They saye she sailes on the Careene/ Carlings Are those tymbers which lye alonge the shipp from one beame to another which doe not only serve to help, and strenghen the shipp, but on them the Ledges doe rest wherevnto the Plancks of the decke are fastened./ Carlinge knees Are those tymbers which come Thwart shipps from the shipps sides to the Hatch waye which is betwixt the two Mastes These doe beare vpon them the decke on both sides the Mast, and on their endes doe lye the Coamings of the Hatches;/ a Carriage / Is that whereon we mount our Ordinance The artes whereof are the two Cheekes The Axeltrees the Boltes, the Capsquares The hookes, the fore lockes, the Trunckes, and the Lyne pinnes, vide every one of these in his proper place: the fashion of these Carriages we vse at Sea, are much better, then those of the land yet the Venetions and divers others vse the other in their shippinge A Peece carryes a shott well That is shee shootes farre & Right wch is a signe that she is smooth and well mettled;/ a Cartridg: Is a bagg made of Canuas which is reasonable good beinge made vpon a former, The diameter whereof must be somewhat smaler then the Sillender of the Peece and of such a length and depth as that it shall conteyne iust soe much powder as is the Charge of the Peece: This is wonderous necessarie for our greate Orindance in feight both for the speedie ladeinge our Ordinances and alsoe for saveinge the Pouder: which is in danger to be fyred, if in feight we should vse aladle: These Cartidgs are manie tymes made of paper parchment or the like but are not soe good as the other There are alsoe other Cartidgs or more properly they are to be called Cases for Cartidges which are made of Latine in wch wee vse to putt These other Cartriges to bringe a longst the shipp soe much the safer from the fyre till wee putt them into the Peeces mouth, which is acare that in a fieght there cannot be to much diligence & order vsed,/ Caruells Are vessells which goe with Missen sailes in steed of Maine sailes: These will lye neere the winde then Crosse sayles, but are not soe commo­ dious to handle: we have herelittle vse of them and therefore I speke not much;/ Caruell workes the Buildinge of shipps first with their - Tymbers and beames and after bringinge on theire Planckes is called Caruell worke to distinguish it from Clynch worke;/ a Case Is Commonly made round of wood, hollowed & fitt for the bore of the Peece: By which most conveniently we can putt murderinge Shott in to the Peece: wee likewise vse bagges to the same purpose / but they are apter to Catch hold by the waye in the flawes of the peeces: Alsoe some call the Sheathinge of a shipp the Caseinge of her a Case shott Is anie kinde of old Iron stones Muskett Bullets or the like which we putt into Cases to shoote out of our greate Ordinance These are of greate vse and doe much execucion amongst men that ply their smale shott when we come neere or lye Bord & Bord;/ Casketts Are smale stringes made of Sinnett flatt They are made fast to the vpper end of the yardes in little Ringes which they call Grommetts Their vse is to make fast the saile to the yard when wee farthell it vpp The biggest & longest are placed iust in the middle of the yardes betwixt the Tyes These doe make vp the Bunt of the saile and are termed the Brest casketts:/ Catherpings Are a smalle Rope which runnes in little blockes like a Minum from one side of the shroudes to the other neere the vpper decke; The vse where of is to force the shroudes taughter for the better ease and safetie of the Mast in the Rowlinge of the shipp They are only vsed to the Maine shroudes & fore shroudes: Alsoe att the settinge on of the Buttockes of the shroudes they are vsed But heare they are neuer made fast & doe not Runne in Blocks;/ Catt The Catt is a peece of tymber fastened aloft right over the Hawse and hath att the end thereof Two Sheevers wherein is Reeved a Rope wth a Blocke wherevnto is fastened a greate hooke of Iron after the manner of a double tackle: The vse is to Trice vp the Anchor from the hawse to the tope of the fore Castle where it is fastened with astopper: Catt the Anchor is to Hitch the hooke in the ringe of the Anchor Catt holes Are two little holes a bove the Gunnroome Ports a sterne for that this vse That when wee have occasion to heave the shipp a sterne by a Sterne fast, They bringe in the Cabell or hawser by them to the Capstaine. The sterne Ports are not soe good because they lye not soe Even with the Capstaine;/ Caulke Caulkinge is the dryveinge of Ockham Spunn­ haire and the like into all seames, Rents and treenailes throughout the shipp wthout the wch it is impossible for a shipp to be made tight to Swyme and keepe out water;/ Chase When a man of Warre doth followe anie shipp out of his Course or else when anie other shipp doth alter her Course, soe as to vse all the meanes they cann to fetch vpp and speke wth an other shipp wee call that Chaseinge and the shipp soe followed we call the Chase As (meaning by her) we saye The Chase standes thus, or the Chase hath taken in her Top­ sailes or the Chase is strooke or Hull & There is greate experience and Iudgment to be vsed in Chaseinge For if Two men be equall Marriners and knowe how to saile and direct his shipp yet if one be a Practique man of warr and the other not, The man of warr will doe much better The pretense in any Chaseinge is to make the shortest waye of it that they cann: which is by iudginge the Chases Course and soe to shape yours that you may meete in the nearest Angles there is noe certayne rule for Chaseinge for wee must many tymes be ruled by the Condicion of our shipp: As if the Chase clap close by, a wynd it beinge a head Sea And the Man of Warre shipp be a short shipp that beates off to the Sea and a Leeward shipp Then if he clap close by awynd his shipp will make noe waye And therefore he must goe alittle more large Though he Chase vnder the Lee of the other In Chaseinge well alwayes covett to gett a wyndward in resspect that it is advantage in feight and for that we cannot Bord a shipp to Leeward, but som tymes (as if it be) towardes night to keepe sight of a shipp or the like we must be content to come vnder his Lee and gett as neere as wee cann: The Sterne Chase That is when wee followe her right asterne and she & wee goe right vpon one poynt of the Compasse To lye with her fore foole is the neerest and shortest That is as y ou would say to lye iust a Crosse her waye soe that both keepinge on their Courses they shall meete att a certayne poynt: Chase peeces are those wch lye right forward or right Aftward on: when wee saye a shipp hath a good Chase in differently it is ment of her Chase forward, And that is when she is soe contrived that she can carry many peeces to shoote right forward for to the other they ever vse to add the word Sternechase, The Peeces of Ordinance which lye right foreward on are called Chase peeces;/ Chafe Or Chafinge is when anie Rope is galled or fretted As wee saye The Cabell is Chafed in the Hawse or when a Rope rubbs against anie thinge wch is not smooth and even, wee saye, it will Chafe the Rope:/ Chaines By nameinge the Chaynes of a shipp indifferently is ment those Chaynes by which the shroudes are made fast on the shipps sides: Alsoe those that belonge to the toppmast shroudes are called Chaines: In feight wee vse to slinge our yardes in , Chaynes for feare least the Bill should bee Cutt, and soe the yard pull downe: And these Chaynes are called Slynges:/ Chaine wale Is a broader tymber sett on the out side of the shipp then the ordinary walls and is made soe of purpose to spread out the shroudes wyder that they may the better succour the Mast;/ Chamber Is a Charge mayde of Brasse or Iron which wee vsed to putt in att the breech of anie Murderer or fowlie and conteynes iust soe much powder as is fitt to deliuer a waye the Murderinge or Case shott conteyned in that Peece Alsoe the Chamber of a greate peece of whole Ordinance is Counted soe farre, or soe much of it as doth Conteyne the whole Charge it hath;/ Channell By Channell is ment the deepest parte of anie Riuer in harbores mouth: As when we saye Steere in the Channell, is ment the deepest parte of the ryuer, In paces where there are loose Sandes The Channells doe alter much accordinge to the extraordinarie wyndes which come and drive the sandes with the sea somtymes on one syde and somtymes on an other: As when I came into Mammora the Channell laye in East South East, and West North west which is Fiue poyntes of the Compasse. Some tymes we call narrow Seas Channells: as the English Channell betwixt France and England And St. Georges Channell betwixt England and Ireland But beinge in those Seas If wee saye Steere into the Channell it is ment into the mides of the Sea: / Charge We use to saye Charge a Muskett, but load or Lade a Peece of Ordinance A shipp of great Charge is Commonly ment by a shipp that drawes much water: And sometymes for an vnwieldy shipp that will not Veere and Steere for then shee is dangerous and Chargeable upon a shore alsoe every mans office in a shipp is Called his Charge: / Cheekes Are two peeces of Tymber, which are fitted on each side of the Mast from beneath the honndes to the upper end of the mast and they are made of Oake to Strengthen the Mast there aboutes both for the beareinge of the Topmast and hoisinge the yarde. In these are the honndes made for the tyes to runne in The Knees wch fasten the Beakehead to the Bowe of the Shipp are called Cheekes alsoe the side of anie blockes are Called the Cheekes likewise the side of the Carriages whereon the Trunnyons of the peece doe lye are called the Cheekes of the Carriages:/ Chestrees Are the two smale peeces of tymber wth wholes in them in which the Mayne tacke doth Runne and to which the Tacke is halled downe: These are placed a little abast the loofe of the shipp the one on the side, The other on the other:/ Choake when a Runninge Rope stickes in a Blocke either by flypinge betwixt the Cheeks & the Sheever or by anie other occasion, that anie thinge be gott about it; Or that I have a kynke soe that it cannott runne, and be halde through it we saye the Blocke is Choaked:/ Clamps Are those tycke tymbers, which lye fore & Aft Close under the Beames of the first Orlap & doe beare them up at either End And are the same that the Risinges are att the other end vide Risings:/ a Cleate Is a smale wedge of wood fastened on the yardes to keepe anie Roapes from the stopinge by where that is fastened, There are alsoe diuers other uses of it. As to keepe the Earinge of the sayle from slypinge of the yard:/ Clewe The Clewe of a saile is the lower Corner of a saile which reaches downe to the place where the Tackes and Sheates are made fast to the saile And it is Counted that parte wch comes Goareinge out from the square of the sayle towarde the lower Corners: when a Saile is much goareinge then she hath a greate Clewe: when a little goareinge then she hath a little Clewe: when it cutt right square then it hath noe Clewe: And yet that lower Corner of the sayle shall retayne the lower Clewe of the sayle. A ship A ship spreades a greate Clewe, That is hath very broad yeardes, and soe spreades much Canvas It is good to allowe a good Clewe to a Mayne saile for by that meanes the Tacke will come the better a boarde and the Sheate will come farther Aft where by the saile will hold more wynde:/ Clewe Garnett Is a Rope which is made fast to the Clewe of the sail, and from thence runnes in a Blacke wch is seased to the Middle of the yard The vse whereof is when wee farthell a Maynesaile or foresaile (for the name of Clewe Garnett doth only belonge to the Clewe lynes of those Two sayles) Then this Rope doth hale vpp the Clewe of the saile Close to the Middle parte of the yarde:/ Clewe lines This is the same to Topsayles, Topgallant sayles and spritt sailes That the Clewe Garnett is to the Mayne saile and hath the very same vse: Note in fowle weather & Gust when wee take in our Topsailes wee hale home the Clewes lyne first, because the sayle wilbe taken soe much the Easier:/ A Clinch Is to batter or Ryvitt a boltes end vpon a Ringe Or turne backe the end of anie nayle soe as it make it fast att the end which is driven through wee alsoe call that parte of the Cabell which is seized about the Ringe of the Anchor the Clinch of the Cabell/ a Clyncher:/ Is a smale shipp: Barke or Boate, whose planckes or Boardes are larded over one an other and Clinched or nayled one through an other wth nayles and Reeves whose outesides are Birthed or wrought upp wthout Tymbers framed as wee doe in other shipps which worke is called Carvell worke:/ Clinching. Is as you would saye a slight Caulkinge And is most used when wee are att Sea & suspect fowle weather, soe that we may take in water at the Portes wee use to Commannde the Carpenter To Clinch the Portes: That is to drive alittle Ockham into the Seames of the Portes wch May be done to serve forme either wthin Board or wthout Bord:/ Cloath Wee saye a saile doth Cloathe the Mast when it is soe longe that it touches the gratinges or Hatches: soe as that noe winde cann goe betwixt the sailes and the hatches or gratinges A shipp spreades much Cloath that is when she hath much Broad sailes:/ Cloyde When thereis anie thinge gott into the touch hole or Breech of the peece soe that the pryminge powder cannot come to give fire to the rest wee saye the Peece is Cloyed;/ Coakes, Are little square thinges of brasse with a hole in them putt in the middle of some of the greatest woodden sheevers to keepe them from splytinge and gallinge by the Pinn of the Clocke where­ on they turne;/ Coamings The Coaminges or Coaming of the Hutches or the gratinges, is that peece of tymber or Plancke which beares them vpp higher then the deckes, soe as they doe not lye even with the Decke The vses whereof are to keepe the water from runninge downe at the Hutches to give some ease for men to stand vpright betwixt the lower deckes, If the deckes belowe and neere togeather And alsoe in the Coaminges they may fitt holes to vse Muskettes and soe serve for a Close feight;/ Coats Those peeces of Tarrd Canvas which are putt About the Mastes of the Partures & the Pumps att the decke that noe water runne downe by them are called Coates The same is vsed to the rudderhead:/ the Coller; Is that rope which is made fast about the Beake­ head, wherevnto the dead-man Eye is seased vnto which the mayne staye is fastened There wch is called a Coller or a Garland & is there placed to save the shroudes from gallinge the Combe Is a smale peece of tymber sett vnder the lower parte of the Boate head neere the middest wth Two holes in it and is iust in the Nature and hath the same vse to the fore tackes, that the Chieftrees hath to the mayne tackes which is to bringe the Tacke a board;/ Compasse Is that moveable instrument with a Flye whereon are discribed the 32 poyntes or wyndes by which we direct or Steere our Courses att Sea: The fashion is knowne to all, and for the vses they are handled at Large in many bookes which write of Navigacion There are 3 kindes first the playne Meridionall Compasse, which is the ordinarie one: The second a Compasse of Variacion which shewe the variacion of the Compasse form the true North and South The Third is adarke Compasse which beinge but an ordinarie Compasse in vse, is only soe called because the Flye hath the poyntes soe discribed with noe collours, as the other have, but only with blacke and white beinge most Convenient to be seeme when wee Steere by night wthout anie light but only starrlight;/ To Cond or Cund I thinke this word comes of Conducere in latine for it importes as much as to leade or direct the shipp which waye she shall goe It is Commonly pronounced thus Cun the shipp, which implyes as much as to direct him att the Helme, how to steere in longe Courses, when wee are off att Sea There is not soe much heede taken of it for then they direct their Course vpon a poynt att the Compasse and soe lett him att the helme looke to Steere right on that poynt of the Compasse: There the Master Mate or some other standinge aloft doth give direceccion to him att the Helme, and this wee call Cundinge or Cunninge: Sometyme hee whoe Condes the shipp wilbe speakinge to him at Helme att every little yawe, which the Seafaringe love not as a kinde of disgrace to their Steeridge: Then in mockinge they will saye sure The Channell is narrowe he Condes soe thicke whereby you may gather that in Narrowe Chanells it is necessarie and vsuall to Cond thicke Note that accordinge as the shipps sailes are trymed either before or by a wynd soe they vse seuerall termes in Condinge and to vse other were vnproper, and rediculous a mongst them If ashipp goe before a wynde or as they terme it, betwixt two Sheates: Then he whoe Condes vseth these termes to him att the Helme Starrbord: Larbord the Helme amiddes shipps: Note that when we say Starbord, the meaninge is that he must putt the Helme to the Starrbord side and then the shipp will goe to the Larbord, for the shipp doth over goe contrary to the Helme If the shipp goe by a wynd and quarter wyndes They saye Alloofe or keepe your loofe or fall not off weare noe more keepe her to have a Care of the Lee latch: Touch the wynde All these doe implie, the Same in amanner and are to bidd him at the Helme to keepe her neere the wynd Ease the Helme no neere; Beare vpp; these wordes doe appoynt him to keepe her from the wynd, and make her goe more large or right before: Some speeches are Common to both as steddy That is keepe the shipp from goeinge in and out But iust vpon the poynt that you are to Steere, and as you goe, and such like;/ Cooke roome The Cooke roome is the place where they dresse there victualls, and this Roome is to be placed in diuers places in the shipp according to the shipps imployment: In Marchant men whoe must imploye all their hold for the stoweinge of their goodes, and soe stowe all victualls betwixt their deckes it is best to have the Cooke roome in the forecastle especially beinge Contrived in furnaces for the saveinge of wood in longe iorneyes as alsoe for that in feight they bringe their Sterne and not their Prowe to feight And therefore wilbe the lesse discommodious to them Besides they doe not carry soe much ordinance wth them forward on: And therefore the weight of the Cooke roome is not soe offensive But in a Man of warre: It is most Convenient to have it in the foreshipp or fore Castle: My reasons are these First That it wilbe (be it placed aswell as it cann be) hinder the vse of the Ordinance: Secondly it will lye over the Powder: Thirdly beinge a Man of warr that pretendes to feight with his Prowe; That parte is likelyest to receive Shott which if anie chance to come amongst the Brickes of the Cookeroome They will spoyle more men, then the shott: And besides the Cookeroome it selfe (for the voyage) is spoyled there beinge noe meanes to repaire it att sea, and then they must needes vse an other Soe that I thinke noe man of discretion will Command or vse that for most sufficient which is most subiect to be destroyed and Cannot bee repaired: Fowerthly A man of warr ever Carryes much Ordinance there, and there­ fore it is fitt to avoyd as much as may be anie waight that may charge her foreshipp Fifthly it is dangerous for fyreinge the shipp for beinge made vp to the shipps sides soe that men cannot goe round about in longe continu­ ance and much heateing they may fyre the shipp as vn awares Sixthly it takes awaye the grace and pleasure of the most impor­ tant, and pleasantest parte of all the shipp For anie one whoe comes abord a Man of warr will principally looke at the Chase beinge the place where the Cheife offensive force of the shipp should lye And to Conclude I doe not knowe anie Commoditie it can give to a Man of warr; wherefore in my oppinion the Best placeinge the Cooke roome is in the Hutch waye vpon the First Orlope, not in the hold as the kinges Shipps doe wch must needes spoyle all the victualls with to­ much heatinge the hold, or the leastwise force them to stowe it soe neere the Stem & Sterne That it must wronge and wringe the shipp much and loose much Stowage: And it beinge there placed (as it doth a voyd all former inconvenience both of the hold and fore Castel and yet shalbe as serviceable Soe hath it this benefitt more That it doth Wonderfully well ayre the shipp betwixt the deckes which is a greate health vnto the Com­ panie: But if I were to goe to sea: as a Man of warr I would have noe Cookeroome at all but such a on as I would have contrived to be removed and strooken downe in howld if I lift and yet should wast noe more wood then these doe, and dresse sufficient meate for the Company, and Roste and Bake some Compleate companie for the Commanndr Or anie person of qualitie;/ Cordage All kind of Ropes belonginge to the Rigginge of a shipp is by a generall appellacion called Cordage;/ Cownter Is that hollow Archinge parte in the shipps sterne betwixt the Transome & the lower parte of the Gallery which is called the lower Cownter The vpp Cownter is from the Gallery to the Lower parte of the vpright of the Sterne;/ Course Is taken for that poynte of the Compasse wch the shipp is to sayle vpon: As to saye the place we must now goe to lyes East: we then direct our Course East Alter the Course: That is saile vpon an other poynt of the Compas Mistake the Course: That is not to knowe how the land lyes which waye to goe. Alsoe Mayne Course, and fore Course, and Missen Course Are the sayles wthout the Bonnettes Note All shipps of great Burthen have double Courses to hold more wynd and give the shipp more waye in a fresh gale but in an Easie gale they hinder as doe all thinges that are waightie over head;/ a Crabb Is an engine of wood with 3 Clawes placed on the ground iust in the Nature of a Cap­ ptayne, beinge placed and most Commonly vsed where they buyld shipps: for the Launching out or heaveinge in of a shipp in to the decke or off the Keg;/ a Cradell Is a frame of tymber brought a longst the outside of the shipp by the Bildg wherein they doe launch Shipps for the greater safetie; In Spaine and other places they vse to tryme all their great shipps in them;/ Craft Is anie kinde of Nettes or lynes or hookes to Catch Fish: For at Sea they will saye when they have lost their lynes or Nettes: That they have lost their Craft wee alsoe call smale vessells : As Ketches Hoyes, Craes, and such like, smale Craft & he that sailes in them we saye he vses smale Craft;/ Cranck We saye a shipp is Crank sided when she will beare but smale ayle, and will lye downe very much with side wyndes. The cause whereof is that her breath beinge layd to lowe she hath noe thinge to beare her vpp, when once shee begins to heele Wee alsoe saye she is Crancke by the ground, when she cannot be brought a ground but in danger to over throwe: The reason whereof is she hath noe Bilge to beare her her flores beinge layd to narrowe; / Creengles Are little Ropes spliced into the Boltropes of all sayles belonginge to the Maine and foremast vnto which the Bowleinge bridles are made fast And they are alsoe to hold by when wee shake off a Bonnett;/ Crossbarr; Is a round shott with a Barre of Iron as it were putt through the middle Comynge out at both endes some 6 or 8 inches more or lesse This will not flie soe farr as a round shott but farther then a Langerell or a Chayne shott: It is very good to vse in feight for the Cuttinge and spoyleinge of Ropes, sayes, yardes & Mastes, as alsoe to doe Execucion a mongst men where they stand plyinge their smale shott But it is not vsed vnder water for that it will hardly goe through a good shipps sides vnlesse it be vsed out of very great Ordinance;/ Cross-iack Is a yard at the vpper-End of the Missen mast vnder the Topp: and there is slunge haveinge noe Hilliardes nor tyes belongeinge to it, The vse whereof is to spread and hale on the Missen top sayle sheates;/ Crosse Peece Is that greate Peece of Tymber which goes a Crosse the Bitt pipes and is that wherevnto wee belaye the Cabells;/ Cross=trees Are those Crosse Peeces of tymber which are sett on the head of the Mast beinge bolted and lett into an other, very stronge, In a generall appellacion all those fore peeces beinge soe made & putt to­ geather are called the Crosse trees, But in truth and more strictly all those Two peeces wch goe Thwart shipps are called the Crossetrees and the other which goe longst shipps are called Tress­ trees: The vse whereof is to beare and keepe vpp the Topp Mast for the foote of the Topp­ Mast is fastened in them, soe that they beare all The stresse, These alsoe doe beare vpon the Topp And doe necessarielye belonge to all Mastes which Carry anie other, Top or Flagstaffe at the head;/ Crowe feete Are those small lynes or Ropes wch stand in Sixe, Eight, Tenn or more partes beinge soe divided and putt through holes of a deadman-eye, They are of noe necessitie But only sett vpp by the Boate-swaynes to make the shipp to showe full of smale Rigginges and are placed to the Bottome of the Back­ stayes of the Fore Topmast, Sprit-sayle Topmast Missen, Topmast and the Topgallant Mastes;/ Cubbridg Head Is the same that is a Bulke head: only that wee vse these wordes to the Bulkehead of the Fore-castle, and the halfe Decke wch wee call the Cubbridg head before or the Cubbridge head abast;/ Culvertaile Is a manner of lettinge one Tymber into an other soe as that by noe meanes they Can slipp out: All the Carlinges have their Endes to lett into the Beames;/ Cuntinge. The hollowe Concauitye betwixt the Strands of the Roapes is called the Cun­ ting, it is Chieflie perceiued in three Strond Roapes, for Roapes made of 4 Strandes lye smoother togeather, & Closer so that tis little perceiued. the are al­ waies made of 4 Strand Roapes, because they are smoother to run in the Hownd, then three Strandes Roapes: Worme the Cable in the Cunting. vide Worming. Word-entry absent from British Library Sloane MS 207 but found in British Library Additional MS 21571, fol. 49r. Cutt This word is vsed in this sense, Cutt the saile; That is when men are a loft vpon the yard The Mayne saile or Foresaile beinge farthelled vpp they must lett it fall downe When a saile is well fashioned, they saye it is well Cutt; Cutt the Cabell in the Hawse - That is most commonly vsed when we ride in some storme, and desire to sett saile but Cannot stay the weyinge of the Anchor for feare of driveinge tomuch to Leeward or the like, generally vpon anie occation when we cannot staye the weying of the Anchor, Then wee cutt the Cabell in the Hawse, to save soe much as wee can of it In extraordinarie occasion either att an Anchor or att Sea, wee some tymes cutt the Mastes att the Bord The cause att an Anchor is when the storme increaseth soe that the power wch the wynd hath vpon the Rigginge & the Mast doth force her Anchor to come home or else endanger the breakinge of the Cabell Then they Cast downe the Mast, But if there be only a greate Seagale and little or noe wynd There it is to noe purpose to Cutt the Mast for they doe little or noe hurt; This happens in many places where the wynd doth not blowe home, as att SaintSe Cruse in Barbarie where such have rid such a Roade that the Sea hath broke over their fore Topp and yett not a breth of wynd: Att sea they Cutt the Mastes on these occasions: When an extraordinarie Gust or Storme, hath soe layd the shipp on saile that there is noe hope, that she can right a gaine and soe would quicklie be over sett or fild with water: Then in cuttinge the Mast, first Cutt the Lee shrowdes, for else when the Mast is over bord it wilbe hard Cuttinge them and the end of the Mast may chaunce beate out the shipps sides, next Cutt a little into the weather side of the Mast, and then Cuttinge the weather shroudes The Mast will instantly and wthout anie Dangerfulle over Bord; Likewise at Sea in a greate Storem where the shipp rowles much: If the partners give waye the Mast will roule out the shipps sides: In this case alsoe if they cannot be mended, The Mast must be Cutt by the Bord;/ Cuttwater The Cutt water is the sharpenesse of the shipp before which doth as it were Cutt the water and divide it before it comes to the Bowe, soe that it maye come by degrees and not to sodenly to the breadth of the shipp otherwise the shipp would beate soe full against the water, that she would make but little waye; And therefore many tymes when a shipp is to Bluffe we putt to a false Stemme and as it were lengthen her forward on, and this we call a Cutt water, which will not only make her sayle better but alsoe make her much a gainst a headsea: D the Dauitt Is a peece of tymber haveinge a Notch at one end whereon they hange a Blocke by a Strape and this is only vsed for to hange the Blocke on which is Called the the fishe Blocke, by which they hale vp the Flooke of the Anchoor to the bowe or Loofe; It is shifted to either side as they have occasion and is not made fast to the shipp butt layd by till it be vsed It is putt out betwixt the Catt and the loofe: Launch out or Launch in the Davitt: That is putt it out or in alsoe the Boate hath a Davitt which is sett out over the head of the Boate with a sheever into which they bringe the Boye Rope to waye the Anchoor, and it standes in the Carlinges which are in the Boates bowe;/ Deadmen-eyes Are a kinde of Blockes wherein there are many holes, but noe sheevers, wherein the Lannyers goe, that make fast the shroudes to the Chaines; The Mayne staies in some shipps are sett taught by Laniers in deadmen-Eyes but most greate shipps vse double Blockes the Crowe feete doe reeve through dead­ men-Eyes;/ Deadwater The water which is the Eddy water at the sterne of the shipp is Called deadwater and therefore wee saye a shipp holdes much dead water; That is which hath a greate Eddy followes her att the Sterne or Rudder and this may be called dead because it doth not passe a waye with that life and quicknesse as the other doth;/ Deck The decke is that floare or Plancke wherein wee place our Ordinance: It lyes vpon the Beames they are called by the names of First second and Third decke beginninge att the lowest Alsoe there is the halfe decke That is the decke which is from the Maine Maste to the Steeridge, and quarter decke which is from the Steridge aloft to the MMasters Cabbine: There is alsoe a spare decke wch is the vppermost betwixt the two Mastes and is made very sleight with a nettinge or sleight bordes to wardes the sides of the shipp & agrateinge in the middest Alsoe these deckes are called by the names of Orlopes As they vse to saye the first and Second Orlopp: A Flush decke or as they vse to saye a deckeflush foreaft That is when from Steme to Sterne it lyes vpon a right lyne wthout anie fall; Note that the best contriveinge of a man of warr is to have the decke flush and to have all the Portes in that decke of an equall height soe as anie Peece maye serve anie parte, The reasons are for that the deckes beinge flushe men maye passe fore and aft with much more Ease for the deliueringe Powder and shott or releiveinge one an other But cheifely for that if a Peece or two be dismounted by shott, in anie place where there is a fall, an other cannot be brought to supplie ites place, besides the discom­ moditie by disioyninge the equall parte of the shipp; The shipp is much weakened and alsoe it looseth much stowage in the Sterne Sheates yett there maye be some vse of these falls to a Marchant Man for his defence whoe maye fitt a Close feight out of every fall, and thought he loose one parte of the decke yet he may still keepe more to be gayned from him; The decke cambers, That is when it doth not lye flatt, but Compassinge To sincke a decke or to lett sinke a decke is to remove it and place it lower; To rayse a decke is to put it higher a bove water The makeinge of a decke is termed the layinge of a Deck Deepe sea-lead Is the Lead which is hunge att the sea­ lyne to sincke it downe: The weight where of is Commonly 24 lb This hath some white hard tallowe layd vpon the lower End which bringes vpp the ground, and soe by the differences of the ground wee knowe where and vpon what Coastes wee are: But in Ooze ground wee vse a white woollen cloth vpon the lead with a little Tallowe with out which Cloth the Ooze would Not sticke vonto the Tallowe;/ Deepe sea Line Is a smale lyne with which wee sound in deepe waters to finde ground and soe accordinge to the depth and ground in many knowne places, as in the Comeinge into our Channell and many other places when wee cann see noe land yet wee knowe where we are;/ Disimbogue Is as much as to saye to come out of the mouth of anie Gulfe which beinge large wthin may have straight and narrowe comeinge out, beinge vsed thus; when they come out of the west­ Indies betweixt Cuba, and Cape Florida, wch is the straight whereout the Current doth sett. They saye they disimbogud out of the Bulke, But it is not vsed for the goeinge out of a Harbor or the like;/ Dispertinge To dispert is to fynd out the difference of The diameters of Mettalls betwixt the Breech and the mouth of anie Peece of Ordinance By which wee knowe, what allowance to give to the mouth of the peece beinge ever lesse then the peeces Breech That thereby we may make a iust shott There are divers wayes but the playnest is the surest and best which is by puttinge in of a strawe or smale sticke at the touch hole to the lower side of the Concave or Sillender of the peece And then applie it in the same manner to the mouth And it will exactly shew the difference of the thicknesse of the Mettaile att the Breech and mouth of the peece;/ Dock;/ There are Two kindes of dockes a drye docke wch is made of Fludgates to keepe out the Tyde, in which we buyld our shipps and repayre them in which wee sitt wthout danger & harme, The other is a Wett decke which is anie Creeke or place where wee may hale in a shipp out of the tydes waye in the Ooze And there when a shipp hath made her selfe as it were a place to lye in wee say the shipp hath decks her selfe,/ a Drabler, Vide Bonnet for this is in all respectes the same to the Bonnett, that the Bonnett is to the Course; This is only vsed when the Course and Bonnett are to Showle for to Cloath the Mast: Some smale shipps which are Coasters and therefore are for most Conveniece to have short Courses, doe vse Two drablers, Draggs Any thinges that hange over the shipp att sea as shirtes, gownes and the like, as alsoe the Boate in that respect, All which doe hinder the shipps waye vnder sayle, are Called dragges, Draught, By draught in water is ment soe many Foote, as the shipp goes in water, A shipp drawes much water That is goes deepe in water: a shipp of smale draught, That is drawes but little water Note that shipps of greate draught are Commonly wholesome shipps in the sea; And shipps of little draught Commonly goe best but Rowle most: The First is Best for a longe voyage the last for a discovery,/ a Dredge. Is an Engine wherewith they take vp Oisters out of the Sea being made of a frame of Iron sharpe at the bottom and a verie strong Nett of a small com­ passe fastend to it, to Contayne the Oysters or anie thing else which the Iron rakes of the Grownd. Word-entry absent from British Library Sloane MS 207 but found in British Library Additional MS 21571, fol. 54v-55r. to Dredge, Or dredginge is to take a little Grapnell wch beinge hunge over the Boates sterne, we lett downe to drage vpon the grownd to finde a Cabell wch hath bin lett slipp vnto whose Anchor there was noe Buoy for this passinge a longe the ground as the Boate doth rowe will Catch hold of it, if it meete with it;/ a Drift saile Is saile vsed vnder water beinge veered out right a head haveinge sheates to it, the vse whereof is to keepe a shipps head right vpon the Sea in a Storme, alsoe it is good where a shipp drives in fast with a Current, to hinder her driveinge in soe fast But it is most Commonly vsed by Fishermen in the North seas;/ Driue We saye a shipp drives when we lett fall the Anchor and it will not hold the shipp fast, but that she falls a waye with the tyde or wynde; for which we have noe helpe, but to veere more Cabell; For you must note, that the more Cabell Is out The faster and surer a shipp will ride; Or else to lett fall more Anchor, alsoe when a shipp is a Hull or a Trey, we saye she drives to Leeward or drives in with the shore, And the like accordinge to the waye she meetes;/ Duck vp This terme is vsed with the Clewe Garnett and Clewe lynes, of the maine saile for sailes and spritt sailes when as the Maine saile or fore saile doth hinder the feight foreward that Steeres, or anie the like occasions: And to the spritt saile most Commonly when we make a shott with a Chase peece for the Clewe of the spritt saile, will hinder the feight, and beinge not duckt vpp wilbe shott awaye, soe then wee saye ducke vp the Clewe lynes;/ E Earinge Is that parte of the Bolt Rope which at all the Fower Corners of the saile is left open as it were a Ring The two vppermost are putt over the endes of the yardes or yard armes, and soe the saile is att those two endes made fast to the yard into the lowermost; The Tackes and Sheaths are seased or (as the more proper terme is) They are bent vnto the Clewe;/ To Ease This word is vsed in the same sense at Sea, as otherwise wee vse the word slacke; For generally when we would have anie Rope slacker and not soe hard strayned, we saye Ease the Bowlinges Sheates &c.: Only when the Tacke should be slackened; The proper Terme is lett rise the Tacke, which is a very fitt Terme in respect That the Tacke beinge loosed it rises vpp from the Chestrees vnto which it was haled Close;/ an Eddie Is the runninge backe of the Water in some place contrary to the Tyde and soe fallinge into the tyde againe which happens by reason of some head land or greate poynt in a River Comeinge out soddenly, and soe hinderinge the Free passage of the Water which it had in the Channell before it come to this poynt,/ an Eddie water Is the wynd which recoyles or returnes backe from anie saile, Hawse or the like goeinge Contrary to that wynd whence it proceeded, But is never soe stronge as the other;/ End for End That is a terme vsed when anie Rope doth runne all out of the Blocke; That it is unreeved or as when a Cable or Hawser doth runne all out att the Hawse, which may happen either of purpose to save the Cabell, or by Chance when Comeinge to an anchor, if they should Mislayinge of the Stoppers, or that the Stoppers should breake Then they saye: The Cabell is att Hawse runn out End for End Enter To enter is to come into a shipp But in feight they must be carefull to Cleere the deckes wth fire Pottes or the like if it be possible from the Traynes of Powder before men doe enter For it happens many tymes, That there are more men left in a minuit By enteringe then in longe feight Bord & Borde and therefore beinge soe dangerous it is fitt that men should bee well advised first: though many tymes, if a shipp bee not well provided of Close fieghtes it is the spediest & safest waye of takeinge them;/ Entring Ladder Of theses there are two, the one which is vsed by the shipps sides in harbor, and faire weather wth entringe Ropes to it: This is all made of wood, the other is made of Ropes with smale staves for steps, which is hung over the Gallery for enteringe out of the Boate in fowle weather, when by reason of the shipps heaveinge and settinge, They dare not bringe the Boate to the shipps sides for feare of Staveinge;/ Entring Rope; Is the Rope which hangs by the side of the shipp in the wast where men doe vsually come a Board the shipp out of the Boate But it is taken generally for anie Rope which is given a man to Enter by:/ Eies The hole wherein the Ringe of the Anchor is putt Called the Eye of the Anchor: Alsoe the Compasse or Ringe: which is left of the Strapp wherevnto a Blocke is seased is -- called the Eye of the Strapp;/ Eylett-holes Are those round holes a longst the Bottome of the sailes vnto which doe belonge Bonnettes and the Bonnettes have the same for the drablers: They have a little lyne sowne a boute them, to make them stronge, and are for noe other vse, but to receive into them the Latchettes of the Bonnett or drablers with which The Bonnett is laced to the Course and the drabler to the Bonnett: F Faddom A Faddome is 6 foote, which though every one knowe I sett downe to give notice, that wee measure the length of all our Ropes by Faddomes and not by anie other measure as we doe the Compasse of the Ropes by inches, For wee waye a Cabell or a Hawser of soe many Faddome longe and soe many inches about; Alsoe wee reckon in soundinge by faddomes;/ a Fake Is one Cirkle of anie Rope or Cabbell that is Quoyled vp round; And soe when wee Veere out a Cabell, They many tymes aske to knowe how much is left behind wthin Bord; How many Fakes are left;/ Fall off When a shipp vnder saile doth not keepe soe neere the wynd as wee apoynt, wee saye that the shipp Falls off: This happens many tymes by the Steeres-mans negligence But sometymes the fault is in the shipp, which happens either because shee may be to light a head, or that her Mast may be stayed too forward for these two thinges doe make a sheepes head fall from the wynd;/ Falls When wee mencion the falls of a shipp, as to saye a shipp hath a Fall or many Falls it is ment by the raiseinge or layinge some parte of the decke higher or lower then the other Alsoe the smale Rope, which we hale by in all Tackles, is called the Falle of the Tackle as to saye over hale the Fall of the greate Tackle only the wyndinge Tackle hath noe Fall;/ the Fashion Peeces;/ Are the two tymbers which doe discribe the breadth of the shipp a Sterne, and are the outwardmost Tymbers of the Shipps sterne on either side excepting a loft where the Cowneere is Counted;/ Fender Bolt -- Vide Bolts Fenders Are anie peeces of old Cabells, or Ropes or Billettes of wood which are hunge over the ships sides to keepe an other shipp or Boate from rubbinge on the shipps sides; That they maye not breake her Bendes, or rubb of the stuff, when she is new trymed: Boats have the same to save them from much beatinge against the ships sides: In the Boate the men have little short Staves which they call fenders: Hence we saye fend the Boate, that is save her from beatinge against the ships sides;/ Fidd: Is as it were an Iron pinn made Taperinge and (as it were) sharpe att the lower end, wch is for to open the Strandes of the Ropes when wee Splyce two Ropes to geather; But when wee splice Cabells wee vse Fiddes of wood in the same Forme and nature but much bigger wch if they were made of Iron would be too heavie to worke wthall The pinne of the heele of the Top mast which beares it vpp on the Chestrees is a Fidd;/ Fiddhammer Is a Fidd made sharpe at one end to splice a Rope with a hammer at the other end with a head And a Claw to drive or drawe anaile;/ Feights The mast Clothes which hange round about the shipp to hinder men from beinge seene in feight are called the Feightes Alsoe anie Bulkhead afore or abast out of which they may vse murderers or smale shott, or generally anie place wherein men may Cover them selves, and yet vse their Armes are called Close feightes;/ Fire-workes;/ Are anie kind of Artificiall receiptes applied to anie kinde of Gudgine, weapon or instrument Whereby we vse to sett on fire, the Hulls, sailes and Mastes of a shipp in Feight, whereof there are many sortes, but the most Commonly vsed att sea are these, Fire Pottes, Fire-bales, Fire Peekes, Trunckes, Brasse balls, Arrowes with fireworkes and the like; To saye all that might concerninge these will require too longe a discouse for this that I heare pretend;/ a Fish Is anie peece of tymber or Plancke which we make fast either to Mast or yard to souccoure & strengthen it when it is in danger to breake Then wee Command the Carpenter; to fish the Mast or yard, which is done First hollowinge it fitt for the place, and then nayleinge it wth speekes, and wouldinge it a bout with ropes: This Fish is very drye meate;/ the Fish Is a Tackle hunge at the end of the davitt by the Strape of the Blocke, in the Blocke there is a Runner with a hooke att the end which doth hitch the Flooke with the Anchor and soe they hale by the fall that belonges to it and soe raise the Flooke to the Bowe, or Chaine wale of the shipp:/ Fish-blocke It is the Blocke that belonges to the fish and is called the Fish-blocke;/ Fish hooke,/ Is likewise the hooke belonginge to the Fish And is called the Fishhooke;/ Flaggs; There is only vsed att sea for distincion of Nations, or officers of Fleetes; As that the Admirall should have his in the mayne topp the vice admirall in the fore And the Reare Admirall in the Missen Topp; But alsoe for distincion, and signes what shipps must doe accordinge as they have direccions from the Cheife Comaunnder, as to Chase or to give over, to come to Councell or the like Att sea to Lower or Strike one flagg in feightinge is taken for yeildinge: But otherwise of greate obedience and respect: And to be made to take it in per force, the greatest disgrace that cann be; when they would have the Flagg out they saye heave out the Flagg, and take in the Flagge or Farthell the Flagg, That is wrapp it Close about the Staffe: To strike the Flagg is to pull it downe vpon the Capp and soe lett it hange over loose;/ Flaire When ashipp is alittle howsed in neere the Water, and a bove that the worke doth hange over a gaine, and is layd out broader aloft, They saye that the worke doth flaire over this makes ashipp more roome wthin board for a Man of Warr, But it is not slightly nor by the most Common oppinion held to be holson for ashipp Yett I have scene the experience and anie of oppinion, That is cann wronge a shipp butt little; If her beareinge be layd high enough;/ Floane When anie of the sheates are not haled home to the Blockes: Then they saye the Sheate is Floane: But when they say lett the sheate That is to lett it goe a maine or as farr as it will This is most Commonly vsed in greate gustes for feare of Spreadinge the Top Mast, or over settinge the shipp, for the Seates beinge flowne the saile doth hold noe wynd: I have seene in an extraordi­ narie wynd, that when a shipp hath layne downe on the quick side in the water, we have to make her right a gaine, lett flye the sheate, but the Gust hath Flitted all the sayle to peeces leavinge not anie iott or but some ragge in the Bolt ropes;/ Flood It is Flood when the water begins to rise younge flood: quarter flood; half Flood are all the Termes Comonly knowne;/ the Flooke This is the Brod parte of the Anchor which takes Hold in the ground: As alsoe those in the Grapnells, which have Fower Flookes;/ Floate We saye anie thinge doth Floate that swymes above water, not touchinge ground; As the shipp is afloate, That is when it is borne vpp Cleere from the gournd, by the riseinge of the water: A floatie shipp, is a shipp wch draws but little water;/ Flowe When the water doth rise or heighten we say it doth flowe: But note that it doth ever in all places seas or Rivers where it doth flowe, Flowe before the shore, before it flowes by the offinge or Middle of the Streame and soe it doth Ebb by the shore before it doth in the streame The reason is for that the water is of most force and weight where it is deepest and soe is hardlyer reformed beinge once bent anie waye when wee saye it flowes at London Bridge Southwest, or attaine other place South or West or as it happens: By this is ment That when the Moone is att the Full, or else new Moone, Then vpon that daye the Sunne beinge in the South west poynt which is 3 a Clocke in the afternoone it is height water at London Bridge;/ the Floare The Floare of the shipp is soe much of the Bottome of her as she doth rest vpon when she is a ground And therefore those wch have longe and broad floares lye best and safest with the ground and the others are Crancke and dangerous both the wringe them selves, and to overthrowe;/ Flush; When a decke is layd from stem to stem wthout anie falls or rysinges; we saye her decke lyes flush, fore and aft, and this word is not vsed in anie other sense;/ the Flye, Is that part of the Compasse, whereon the 32 poyntes of the wyndes are discribed to which vnder­ neath is the Needle made fast;/ to Free When a shipp hath much water wee saye she wantes Pumps to free her: Or when wee bale out the water, That is called freeinge the shipps Alsoe when the Boate hath water in her wee Command them to free the Boate: Soe that this word Free is not vsed in anie other respect a boute a shipp, but to gett out the water, nor there is not anie other word vsed soe properly for the gettinge out the water in a shipp or Boate, as this;/ Free-shott, When anie extraordinarie land waters come downe a ryver sodainly, or else when anie greate ryver comes into a Sea, soe as that the water is Fresh a Myle or two, as in many places it is we say it is a greate Free shott;/ the Forefoote There is noe such parte of a shipp which is termed herefore foote: But it is aword vsed in this kinde when two shipps saile, soe that one doth lye with the Steme soe much a weather the other, That keepinge their Courses, That shipp wch doth soe lye will goe out a head of the other, Then we saye, that she doth lye with the forefoote of the other as she standes or comes with her fore­ foote: But beinge once soe past out before her ahead, and by her wee doe not saye, she is past by her forefoote, But thus she is gone out a Head: Soe that this word fore foote implies a Crosse, an other shipps waye;/ Forelockes, Are little flatt peeces of Irone made like wedges, which are putt into the holes at the endes of Boltes to keepe the Boltes from draweinge out or slypinge backe, Alsoe these keepe downe and fast the Capsquares of the Carriages;/ Fore mast, VideMast Fore-reach When Two shipps sayle togeather, or after one an other, she which sailes best, that is fastest doth forereach vpon the other: If Two shipps saile both on waye by a wynd one may keepe the better wynd, The other maye forereach, Then he that doth fore reach, if he would speke wth the other (as suppose he be amann of warr the other a Marchant he must cast a boute he is soe farre reached of her that he may lye with her forefotte;/ Foresaile Vide Saile. Fore-topmast. Vide topmast. Fore yard. Vide yard. Fowle When a shipp hath binn longe vntrymed soe that grasse or anie filth be gott aboute her she is fowle, Alsoe when anie Rope which we should hale is hindred by anie other or tangled in it selfe as Topsaile; Halliardes, Tuckle Falls or the like may be, or anie thinge else soe that it cannot runne, we saye the Rope is fowle, as the sheates are fowle of the Ordinance, the Halliardes, Clewe lynes or the like, are fowle, and soe must be Cleered Before they can be made to Runne;/ Foulewater When a shipp vnder saile comes into shallowe water, soe as she rayses the Mudd, or sand in her waye, which she maye though she doe not touch the ground, but come verry neere it wee saye she makes fowle water, when she sayles with her keele neere the ground, can­ not feele her helme, soe well as in deepe water. The reason is for that neere the ground The water hath not that weight & force as it hath where it is deepe, And alsoe by reason of an Eddie, which is made betwixt the ground and the Bottome of the shipp, being soe neere to geather, The water cannot come soe swift to the Rudder as it doth in deeper waters Note that the swifter the water comes to the Rudder the better a shipp doth steere or feele her helme:/ Founder When a shipp by an extraordinarie leake or else by anie greate Sea: that broke into her is halfe full or full of water, soe that we cannot free the water forth we saye she is Fowndered, The word is significant , for iust as a Fowndred Horse cannot goe soe a shipp is full or neere full of water will not feele her helme; That is will neither Veere nor steere bu drive a waye with the sea iust like a logg of wood:/ Furr or Furd; There are two kindes of Furringe the one Is after a shipp is built, to laye on, an other Plancke vpon Plancke, The other which is more Eminent & more properly furringe is to Ripe vpp the First Planckes and putt other tymbers vpon the First, and soe to putt on the Planckes vpon these tymbers: The occations of it is to make a shipp beare a better saile for when a shipp is too narrowe, and her beareinge not layd out enough or too lowe, Then they must make her broader, and laye her beareinge heigher They Comonly Furr some 2 or 3 streakes vnderwater And as much above accordinge as the shipp requires more or lesse I thinke in all the world there are not soe many ships furd as are in England, And it is pittie there is noe order taken either for the punishinge of those whoe buyld such shipps or the preventinge of it for it is an infinit losse to the owners, and an vtter spoyleinge and disgrace to all shipps that are soe handled;/ Futt hookes This word is Commonly soe pronounced, But I thinke more properly it should be called Foote hookes, For the Futt hookes are the Compassinge tymbers which give the breadth and beareinge to the ship, which are scarfed to the ground Tymbers: And because noe tymbers that Compasse cann be found longe enough to goe vpp through all the side of the shipp These Compassinge tymbers are scarfed one into an other, And these next the keele are called the lower or ground Flotthookes, The vpper other are called the vpper Futthookes;/ Furthell; Or Farthellinge a saile, is when wee wrapp vpp a saile Close togeather, and soe bynd it wth the Caskettes to the yard, but towardes the yard armes we vse Rope yarnes, for the saile is not very weightie, This manner wee vse only to the mayne saile, Fore saile, and spritt saile;/ Furthellinge lynes,/ Are smale lynes, which are made fast to all the Topsailes, Topgallant-sayles, and alsoe, the Missen yardes armes, The Missen, hath but one, The other on either side, By these we furthell those sailes, But the top sailes have not the Buntt bound vpp to the yard, as the Maine and fore sailes have but is layd in the topp, and soe bound fast to the head of the Mast this wee call Stowinge the Topsaile:/ A former Is a peece of wood tunred round somewhat lesse then the bore of the Peece for which it is made, as a Saker foremer, a Minion former &c.. The vse whereof is to make it vpon a paper Carthrages or lynneon Carthrages;/ G Gage We vse to Gage our Caske that we may see how greate it is, or how much it is leaked out, which we doe by puttinge downe a sticke at the Bunge, and that by the wetnesse will shewe how much liquor is in it: Alsoe when wee would knowe how much water a shipp drawes when she is a floate we strike a Naile into a pike or Pole and soe putt it downe by the Rudder; Till this naile catch hold vnder the Rudder and this we call Gageinge the shipp Note that we cannot exactly by this tell how much water she drawes for we must allowe for the Racke of the shipp aftward on, for the Pole doth not goe downe in it Perpendiculerly, And soe many foote as shee drawes is called the shipps gage, when one shipp is to weather of an other; she hath as they terme it the weather gage But they neuer vse to saye the Leegage;/ Gale When the wynd doth not blowe to hard, but rea­ sonable soe that ashipp may beare her topsailes a Tryppe, we call it accordinge to the strength of it, either an easie loome gale which is when it is much wynd, somtymes at Sea Two shipps beinge not farr a sunder If it be fine smooth gentle weather, and but little wynd, one shipp will have more wynd then an other, and somtymes the one be flatt becalmed the other have alittle Breadth of wynd, Then they saye, The shipp wch hath the wynd doth gale a waye from the other,/ the Garbord; Is the first Plancke that is putt or brought on the outside of the shipp next the Keele Garbord-streake Is the First Streake or as you may saye the First seame next to the Keele, here is the most dangerous place in all the shipp to springe a Leeke for it is allmost impossible to come to it wthin bord;/ Garlande. Vide Collier. Word-entry absent from British Library Sloane MS 207 but found in British Library Additional MS 21571, fol. 66v. the Garnett Is a Tackle where with we hoise in all Cables and goodes if they be not to heavie, as greate Ordinance &c. It hath a Pendant comes from the head of the Maine Mast, with a Blocke wch is strongly seased in the Maine staye iust over the Hutch waye, where wee vse to take in our goodes to hold; In the Blocke they doe Reeve the Runner which hath a Hooke att one end, with which wee hitch the Slinges, att the other a double Blocke in which wee Reeve the Fall of the Runner, and soe by that we hale and hoise in the goodes when it is not vsed it is made fast alonge by the staye, at the Bottome of the staye: a Girdinge, Vide trusse; Girt When the Cabell is soe taught that vpon the turninge of the Fidd the shipp cannot goe over it, Then she will lye a Crosse the tyde & then we saye she is gyrt, which will instantly be vndone if the Cablell be Veered out slack;/ Goareinge A saile is Cutt Goareinge when it comes sloopeinge by degrees, and is broader att the Clewe then at the Eareinge. All Topsailes and Top gallant sailes are soe;/ Goose wyng; When wee are goinge before a wynd or quarter wyndes with a faire fresh gale, wee many tymes to make more hast, vnparcell the Missenyard and soe Launch out the yard and saile over the quarter on the Leeside: and so fittinge Guyes att the Further end, to keepe the yoord Steddy wth a Boome wee Boome out the sheate of the Missen saile, This doth helpe to give the shipp some waye which otherwise the Missen saile will not especially before a wynd: This saile soe fitted is called a Goose winge;/ Grapnells;/ Are in nature of Anchors beinge vsed for Gullyes or Boates to ride by, only they differ in forme for a Grapnell hath Fower floakes, and never a stocke for it needes none, beinge the wch waye soeuer it fall two of the flookes do ever hold by the gournd, In men of warr, we vse them that are height to slinge into a shipp to catch hold of some of her gratinges, Railes, Gunn walls or the like And soe haveinge a Chayne made fast vnto it, we lash fast the shipps togeather There are alsoe smale Grapnells with Three hookes, but not broad like flookes which wee vse to sweepe for hawseres, or smale Cabells;/ Gratings;/ Are smale ledges layd on a Crosse an other like a percullis or a Prison gate; Those wch are called the Gratinges are betwixt the Maine and Fore Mastes, which doe serve for a close feight and alsoe for the Souccor of men either in too hott, or too fowle weather, with a Tarr­ pawlinge vpon them. There are alsoe in many places of the shipp Gratinges made for Ayre and light but Cheifely over Ordi­ nance for the vent of the smoke of the Powder wch comes out of the Touch hole, in feight;/ to Graue Graveinge a shipp is bringinge her to lye drye a ground, and then to burne off the old filth and Stuffe with Reede, Broome, and the like and soe to laye on newe: Some wee only Tallowe, but that will quickly growe fowle Others tallowe & sope which will alsoe quickly growe fowle The most Common and best is with trayne oyle, Roson and Brimstone boyled to­ geather For this will last longest, Cleane, The layinge on of this Stuffe is called payinge The shipp;/ a Gripe The Gripe of the shipp is the Compasse and sharpeness of the Stem vnder water: especially towardes the lower parte the vse whereof is, to make ashipp keepe a good wynd; And therefore some tymes when a shipp will not keepe a good wynd They putt to another falce stemme to the true Stemme to make her Gripe more;/ to Gripe, We saye a shipp doth gripe, when she is apt contrary to the Helme, to Runne her head or Nose into the wynd more then she should There are Commonly Two causes of this: The one when a shipp may be too deepe a head; That her head be not apt by reason of the weight which preses her downe, to fall a waye from the wynd: The other may be the stayinge of her Mast: For if she be ashort shipp and drawe much water; If her Mass be stayed to much aftward on; it will cause her head still to Runne into the wynd The Flemmings beinge generally long floatie shipps, doe staye all their Mastesaftward on very much else their shipps would never keepe a wynde: For it is apparent to sense, that all sailes, from the Maine Mast, Aftward on; the farther Aft they stand, the more they keepe the shipp to the wynd, as the head sayles the more forward on they stand; The more they have power to flatt the shipp about from the wynd;/ Grometts, Are little Ringes which are made to the vpp side of the yard, with staples which are dryven in­ to the yard which have noe other vse but to tye & make fast the Caskettes vnto them;/ Ground & Groundinge, When a shipp is brought of purpose to be trymed on the ground or otherwise: That is called groundinge of the shipp: There are Three manner of layinge a shipp a ground; That is either layinge her head vpwardes towardes the Bancke, and her Sterne, towardes the Offward; And is termed layinge her Pitch­ Longtoo, This is vsed to shipps that are Cranke wth the ground, for this waye they take the best advantage for a shipp to beare her selfe The second is to laye her all allongst the shore, and to Heele her to the shore-ward; This is vsed to shipps which have reasonable good floares and will beare them selves sufficiently well The third is layinge her a longst the shore, And Heeleinge her to the Offward; This we vse to shipps, which have greate broad and longe flores, as Fleminges which have standinge Streakes The reason is for that otherwise wee should hardly come to her Keele: Some Sea-fareing men, are very supersticious of goeinge to Sea at Certayne dayes & Commonly they hold it good to begine the voyage of Sundaye, And there­ fore to seeme to have begunn the voyage though they be not readie to goe, That daye they will way or (as the Terme is) trypp the Anchor, and goe a little waye and soe goe to Anchor againe; this they call breakeinge ground;/ Ground tymbers Are those tymbers which are first layd vpon the keels, and soe bollted through the keelson into the keele, and are those which make the floare of the shipp, and are therefore called ground tymbers, because the shipp - doth rest vpon these, when she lye a ground;/ Gudgins -- Are those Irons which are made fast to the sterne Post, and which the Pintills of the Rudders are hanged to;/ To Gull When the Pinn of a Blocke doth eate or weare into the Sheever, it is Called Gullinge, Alsoe when a gard doth rubb a gainst a Mast, wee saye it will Gull the Mast, And therefore to avoyd that we putt a platt made of Synnett to the Middle of the yard to keepe it from Gullinge the Mast;/ the Gun-wale That peece of tymber which reacheth on either side the shipp, from the halfe decke to the Fore Castle beinge the vppermost Bend (as it were) which finisheth the vpper workes of the Hull there, and wherein they putt the Stannchions wch support the Wast-trees is Called the Gunnwale, whether there be anie gunns there or not: Alsoe the lower parte of anie Porte where anie Ordi­ nance doth lye is Called the Gunnwale;/ a Guy Is anie rope which is vsed to keepe a peece of Ordinance or anie thinge else, the Boate or the like, which is hoised into the shipp from swinginge into the shipp to fast when it is over the Gunnwale to be hoysed in by them by this Rope wee doe ease it in gentlie, and it is -- Commonly made fast to the Stantions of the Wast-trees: And that is called a Guy, wch word I thinke comes from Guyde for this doth guyd it in: Alsoe there is a Rope which is fastened to the fore Mast att one end and is to the Pendant of the wyndinge Tackle; and soe reeved a gayne through an other wch is seased to the Fore Mast somewhat lower then the first parte: And this is to hale forward the Pendant of the wyndinge Tackle, and this Rope is called a Guye H the springe or Springe tydes;/ When after the dead neapes, the tydes beginne to lift, and growe higher, we saye it is springe wherevpon Three dayes before the full and Change of the Moone, the springe begins, & the Topp or highest of the springe is 3 daies after: Then the water doth heigh most with the flood, and lowe mast with the Ebb which is the reason, that att these tymes wee Launch and ground all our greate shipps: The tydes alsoe runn much stronger & swifter then in the Neapes;/ Spritt saile, Vide Saile; Spritt saile Top-saile;/ Vide Saile; Spritt saile Top-mast; Vide Top mast; Spritt-saile yard;/ Vide yard;/ Spunge, The Spunge of a Peece of Ordinance is That which make it Cleane: The are Commonly Shipp skinnes putt att the end of a Staffe, wch is made some what bigger there accordinge to the Bore of the Peece, soe as the Spunge may goe in full and Close, but not to straight But we have it alsoe fitted to thee endes of a stiffe roope, soe is the Rammer alsoe to spunge & lade wthin bord: wee ever Spunge a peece of Ordinance before we putt in powder In feight when the Ordinance is plyed fast to keepe it from heatinge we wett the spunges: Vrin is the best, but else with vynneger, Water or what we have;/ Spunn yarne, Is rope yarne endes scraped Thynne and Spunn on to the end of an other wth a wynch, and make it as longe as they lift This serves to sarve some Rope wth: But most Commonly it is made to make Caburne of Spurketts Are the holes or spaces betwixt the Futtockes or betwixt the Runges by the shipsides before and Aft, above and belowe, To the Spurketts belowe in Holde, which are belowe the Sleepes there are bordes fitted which they take vp to Cleere the Spurkettes if anie Ballast gett in betwixt the tymbers: But for those allof there is noe vse, only it were good they were in all shipps fitted vpp with light wood or olde Iunckes to keepe the ships sides aloft Muskett free;/ Standinge parts of Runninge ropes/ The standinge partes are those partes of Runninge ropes, or rather that end of a Runninge rope which is made fast to anie parte of the shipp to distinguish it from the other parte whereon wee vse to hale as the standinge parte of the Sheate is that parte which is made fast by a Clynch into a Ringe, at the shipps quarter and the like for when wee saye hale the Sheate That is ment by the runninge parte: But if they saye over hale the Sheate: Then they hale vpon the standinge parte: The same is of all Tackles & Runninge Ropes;/ Stand in ropes Are counted all those Ropes, as the shrowdes stayes and Backstayes which are not vsed to bee removed, or to runn in anie Blockes: But are only sett taught, or slacker as they have occasion;/ bringe a shippa Staye;/ When wee Tacke the shipp before it can bee ready to be Tacked, she must come a stayes: That is when the wynd comes in att the Bowe wch was the Lee bowe before; and soe drives all the sailes backward against the shrowdes and Mastes, soe that the shipp hath noe waye, but drives with the broad side: The manner of doeinge it is att one tyme, and togeather to beare vpp the Helme; Lett flie the Sheate of the fore saile and lett goe the fore bowlinge, and brase the weather Brases of the foresaile; The same to the Top saile, and Top gallant saile, only they keepe fast their sheates, If the Spritt saile be out, then they lett goe the Spritt saile sheate wth the fore sheate, and Brase the weather Brase: The Tackes; Sheates, Brases, Bowlinges of the Mayne saile, Mayne top saile, & Myssen standinge fast as they did: To be taken a Stayes That is when the wynd, comes contrary on the soddaine, which happens most vpon headlandes or Calme weathers, and soe bringes the ship a Stayes: Some tymes by the Negligence of them att the Helme: Sometymes if it be little wynd and a head sea, on the weather bowe a shipp may Mysse Stayinge that is to fall backe, and fill againe The best Condicioned ships are those which staye with least sayles As with two Top sailes, or Fore top sailes and Myssen: But noe shipp will staye with lesse sailes then those, and fewe with soe little;/ Staies & Backstaies;/ All the Mastes, and Top Mastes and Flagg staves have stayes exceptinge the Spritt saile Top Mast, the Mayne Mast staye is made fast by a Lannyere to Coller wch comes a bout the Knee of the head: The Mayne Top Mast staye is made fast to the head of the Fore Mast, by a Strap and dead-man-eye there: The Mayne Top gallant Mast is in like manner to the head of the Fore top Mast: The Fore mast, and Mastes belonginge to it are in the same manner staid att the Boltspritt. The Myssen saile comes ot the Mayne Mast by the halfe decke and the Top Mast stayes come to the Shrowdes wth Crowe feete: The vse of these stayes is to keepe the shrowdes from fallinge Aftward to wardes the Pumpe there is much difference in stayinge of Mastes in respect of ships sayleinge, or workinge generally: The more Afte the Mastes hange, The more a shipp will keepe in the wynd and the forwarder the lesse: The Flemminges staye their Mastes much Afte because else their shipps beinge longe floatie shipps, would neuer keepe a wynd: But short and deepe shipps rather Covett vpright Mastes ther are may differences of Condicoions in shipps for their sayleinge accordinge as they are stayes: For some will have the staye taught some slacke: The Buckstayes of all Mastes wch have them Those are only the Mayne Mast and fore Mast, and the Mastes belonginge to them, goe downe on either side the shipp and are to keepe the Mast from Pitchinge Fore­ ward on over Bord;/ the Sterne, All the After most parte of the shipp is called the Sterne by a generall appellacion: But most exactly considered only the very outward­ most parte Abast is the Sterne: For the Quarter is Counted to be from the Steeridge to the Transome and Fashion peeces of the Sterne;/ Stearne sheate, Vide Sheats;/ Steere, Is to governe the ship with the Helme Hee Steeres best, that keepes the Shipp evenmost from yawning in and out; and alsoe that vses least Motion in puttinge the Helme too farr over There are three kinde of direccions to Steere by The one is by the Land, that is to Steere by anie marke on the land, and soe to keepe the shipp even by the marke: This is easie: The next is by the Compasse That is to keepe the shipp vpon a poynt of the Compasse This is hardder because the ships head will come before the Compasse: The third is to Steere as they are directed and Conded: This is easiest of all: If you would knowe The termes belonginge to Steereinge Vide Conde;/ the Steeridge Is the place where they steere out of which they Maye see the Letch of the sayles to sea: If They be to the wynd or not;/ the Stem;/ The steme of the shipp is that greate Tymber which comes Compassinge from the Keele where in it is skarfed vp before the fore Castles: This it may be is not all one Tymber, as in greate shipps it Cannot: And this doth give the Rake of the shipp when shipps stand stem for stem they come right wth their heades one a gainst an other: To give a shipp the Stem: That is to runne right vpon her with the Stem: To goe Stemminge a bord a shipp: That is the same as giveinge the shipp the stemm;/ a Stepe:/ they Call the peece of tymber which is made fast to the Keelson wherein the Mayne Mast doth stand a Stepe: Alsoe those places and tymbers wherein the Mysson Mast, Fore Mast and the Cap staines doe stand, are Called Steps:/ to Steue or Steuinge;/ Wee saye the Bolt spritt or Beackehead steves when it standes too vpright, and not straight forward enough Alsoe the Marchantes Call the stoweinge of their Cottons, which they force in with Scrimes soe much that the decke will rise 6 or 8 inches, steuinge of Cottons;/ Stewards roome, Is that parte of the holde wher the victualls are Stowed;/ Stoaked,/ When the water cannot come to the well, Wee saye the shipp is Stoaked, and that is When the Lymber holes have some Ballast Or anie thinge else gott into them soe as that the water cannot passe, wee saye the Lymbers are Stoaked: Alsoe when anie tying is gott in or a bout the Bottome of the Pumpe soe that it cannot drawe water, we say the Pumpe is Stoaked: Corne and the like Is very badd for this,/ Stopp; When they come to an Anchor, and have lett runn out as sufficient quantitie as will make the shipp wide, or that the shipp be in a Current, wher it is best to stope her alittle by degrees then they saye Stopp the shipp and soe hold fast the Cabell, and then veere out a little more and soe stopp her fully to lett her ride: for Stoppinge leake Vide Leakes;/ Stopper;/ Is a peece of a Rope haveinge a wale knote att one end and a Lannyer splyced to it And the other end made fast to some porte, as the stoppers to the Cablles the Bottomes of the shipps by the decke: The Stoppers for the Maine­ Halliardes to the knight: The vse of them is Cheifely for th Cabells, to stopp the Cabells when wee come to an Anchor, that it may goe out by little and little: The manner is, but, byndinge the wale Knott a bout the Cabell wth the Lannyer, and it will instantly Catch hold in it, soe that it cannot slipp a waye as the nippers doe with holde of the Cabell The terme is layinge on the Stoppers, and Castinge of the stoppers, alsoe wee vse them to the Halliardes when the yard is hoised aloft, to stopp it til the Halliardes are belayd: A shipp rides by the stoppers when the Cabell is not bytted but only held fast by them: But this is not safe rideing in stresse;/ to Stowe;/ Is to putt anie goodes in hould in order: For else we saye it is not Stowed, but lyes in holde Alsoe we call it the Stoweinge betweene the deckes if anie goodes or victualls be placed in order vpon the deckes: But it is not vsed in this kinde to smale thinges, as to a Chest or the like: Alsoe the placeinge or layinge of the Top sailes, in the Topp, is called the Stoweinge of the Top sailes; / a Streake, Is their terme for a Seame betwixt two Planckes as the Garbord-a-streake, Or the Heeles a streake, that is one Steame some shipps are built with a standinge streake or two: that is when they have the whole breadth of a Plancke or Two ryseinge from the Keele before they come to the Floare tymbers These shipps are made lye wth the ground for wringinge their Keeles But this doth make them keepe an excellent Wynd: This buylt is most vsed a mongst The Fleminges;/ a Strapp;/ A rope which is spliced a bout anie blocke, that the Blocke may thereby be made fast to anie place where they have occation to vse it, by the eye which is made in the Strape in the Arse of the Blocke;/ Streame Anchor, Is a smale Anchor which we vse to the Streame Cabell;/ Streame Cabell Is a smale Cabell which wee ride wthall in Stremes or ryvers, or in faire weather, when wee stopp a tyde for ever wee vse the smalest ground, Tackle that we have if it will serve, both for lightnesse to waigh, and to save the best from wettinge;/ Stretch;/ They vse this word not as it is Commonly to strayne a Rope: But thus, when they goe to hoise a yarde or hale the sheate; they say Stretch forward the Halliardes or the Sheates That is deliuer a longe that parte which they must hale into the mens handes that they may be ready to hoise or hale;/ to strike;/ is to pull downe the sailes; when one shipp strikes to an other, it is a signe of respect vnlesse it be fore occasions of stayinge for one If a man of warr come vp with a Marchant or anie other: If he strike it is intended that he yeeldes himselfe Alsoe when a shipp is beate vpon the ground, they saye she strikes; soe when wee take downe the top mastes, we say strike them downe soe when wee Lower anie thinge into the Houlde with the Tackles or anie other rope wee call it strikeinge downe into the houlde;/ Studdinge sailes; Vide Boome; Sturrop; When a shipp by anie Mischance hath lost a peece of her Keele, and that we cannot come well to mend it; but as it were Patch a newe peece vnto it: the bynde it with an Iron wch comes vnder the Keele and soe vpon either side the shipp, where it is nayled very strong wth speekes to Strengthen it: This peece soe putt to the Keele wee call a Storrop;/ Suck; When all the water is Pumped out, and that the Pumpe doth drawe wynd, we saye she suckes Alsoe when a shipp doth drawe downe the Helme and doth (as it were) sucke the Helme staffe out of the hand att the helme: A shipp Gripps when she doth thus, The Reason maye be either much fowleness, The stayinge of her Mastes too much Aft, or that she may be out of her Trymm;/ Surge We call a wave a Surge, but it is vsed in this sence when they heave att the Capstaine, and the Cabell slipps back a gaine, they say the Cabell Surges: To prevent which Vide Nippers;/ Swifters,/ Doe belonge to the Mayne and Fore Mast and are to Souccour the shrowdes and keepe stiffe the Mast: They have Pendantes which are made fast vnder the shrowdes att the head of the Mast with a double Blocke through wch is reeved the swifter, which att the stand­ inge parte hath a single Blocke with a hooke wch is hitched in a Ringe, by the Chaine wales and soe the Fale beinge halde doth helpe to strengthen the Mast, and this Fale is belayed a bout the Tymbers heades of the lower Railes;/ Swiftinge When we bringe shipps a ground or Carrene them we vse to Swift the Mastes to ease them and strengthen them which is done in this manner: They Lash fast all the Pendantes of the Swifters and Tackells, with a Rope Close to the Mast, as neere their Blockes As they came: there they carry forward the Tackles, and soe Bowse them downe, as hard and as Taught as they came, and this Eases the Mast soe that all the waight of the Mat doth not hange by the head as other wise it would: And alsoe doth helpe to keepe it from riseinge out of the Stepps;/ T Tacks;/ Are greate Ropes haveinge a wale knott att one end which is seased into the Clewe of the saile, and soe reeved first thorugh the Chestrees, and then comes in att a hole att the shipps sides: the vse of this is to carry forward the Clewe of the saile, and to make it stand Close by a wynd, and then the sayles are thus Trymmed: The Maine Tacke foresaile and Missen Tackes are Close a bord, or haled as forward on as may be soe are the Bowlinges of the weather side The Lee sheates are haled Close aft but the Lee sheae of the fore saile, not soe much vnlesse the shipp gripp: the Lee Brases of all the yardes are brassed aft, And the Top sailes are governed, as the sailes where vnto they belonge And hence they saye a shipp standes or sayles Closse vpon a Tacke that is Close by a wynd Hale a board The Tacke; that is to have it Close to the Chestrees Ease the Tacke, that is not soe Close abord Lett rise the Tacke, That is lett it goe all out: It is Comonly belayed to the Bittes or else there is a Kennell that belonges to them: These Tackes doe only belonge to the Maine saile, Fore saile, and Missen and they are ever more Taperinge;/ to Tack a Shipp;/ To tacke the shipp is to bringe her head a boute to lye the other waye: As if her head laye First, west Northwest, Now it must lye East-North-east, the wynde beinge att North, then supposeinge a ship hath all her sails out which wee vse by a wynde, this wee doe first we make her staye (for which Vide a Staye) when she is stayed then wee saye she is payd and soe lett rise and hale That is lett the Lee Tacke rise and hale Aft the sheates: And soe trymme all the sailes by a wynd as they were before: That is Cast of the Bowlinge, which was the weather Blowing and now sett vpp taught the other: And soe all sheates, Brases and Tackes as a shipp that is trymmed by a wynd must have;/ Tackels Are smale ropes which runne in three partes haveinge either a Pendant with a Blocke to it or a Runner: and att the other end a Blocke and hooke to Catch holde and heave in goodes into the shipp: There are these maine sortes vsed That is the Boate tackles wch stand on the Maine Mastes shrowde, the other in the Fore Mast shrowdes to hoise in the Boate, and doe serve alsoe for other vses: The Tackles which belonge to Mastes wch serve in the nature of shrowdes to keepe the Mast from strayinge; The Gunners tackles wth which they hale in and out the Ordinance, And lastly a wyndinge Tackle, which Vide wyndinge Tackle The rope of a Tackle, is called the fall: That part which wee hale vpon But the end wherevnto the Blocke is seased is called the standinge parte: to hale vpon a Tackle is termed to Bouse vpon the Tackle;/ Tallee When they hale Aft the sheates of the Maine or fore-saile, they say Talley aft the sheates;/ Tamkin;/ Is anie smale peece of wood turned fitt for the mouth of anie Peece: which is putt in there to keepe out the rayne or Sea­ water from washinge in when the Peeces lye wthin Bord;/ Taperinge,/ Is when anie Rope or anie thinge else is made bigger att the one end then at the other as the Tackes are made taperinge, which makes them purchase the better, and save a greate deale of stuffe, because the Rope att one end beares little or noe stresse; I have seene in Flemminges the Top saile sheates taperinge,/ Taper-bore,/ Is when a Peeces Bore is wyder att the mouth then towardes the Breech: Some are of oppinion that these peeces doe not recoyle soe much: But they are not soe good: for some tymes if the shott be too thicke it may be it will not come home to the Powder, which is dangerouse for the Peece;/ Tar-Powlinge;/ Is a peece of Canvas that is all Tard over to laye vpon a Decke or Gratinge to keepe the rayne from soakinge through;/ Taught;/ That is sett a Rope stiffe, and fast, as we saye sett taught the shrowdes; The Staye or anie other Rope when it is too slacke;/ Taunt When a Mast is very high for the perporcion of the shipp, we saye it is a Taunt Mast The Flemminges have them soe for the most parte For Taunt Mastes and Narrow yardes are best to saile by a wynde, for the sailes stand soe much the sharper: But yet they wringe a shipps sides more then a short Mast, and a broad yard, which is the reason our shipps vse short Mastes & Broad yardes;/ Tempest; When it overblowes soe exceedingly that it is not possible to beare anie saile, and that is is a wynd mixt with raine or haile, they call it a Tempest which they Count a degree a bove a storme;/ the thoughts Are the seates whereon those that Row in the Boates doe sitt;/ Thight; When a shipp is Staunch and makes but little water she is Thight, which is quickly knowne by the smell of the water, for if the water stinke much it is a signe it hath layne longe in the shipe: and if it be sweete it is a signe it comes in newely;/ Thowles;/ Are the smale Pinnes, which they beare against with their Oares when they Rowe: And stand in holes vpon the vpperside of the Gunnwall of the Boate: They are Commonly made of Ash wood for Toughnes;/ Thwart-ships;/ That is anie thinge that is done or lyes a Crosse the shipp from one side to the other, we saye it lyes Thwart shipps and the Contrary in Longst shipps: That is alonge the shipp;/ Tides This word Tyde is Common both to the Ebb and Flood it is called Tyde of Ebb as well of as Tyde of Flood a wyndward Tyde is when the Tyde runns against the Sea: then the sea breakes most and goes highest but a shipp att Anchor Straines the Cabells least: A Leeward tyde, that is when the tyde and wynde goe both one waye: Then the sea is smoother, a Tide gate, That is where the tyde runnes stronger, To tyde it over or vp to a place That is to goe with the tyde of Flood or Ebb; and soe stope the Contrary tyde wth an Anchor till the same tyde come againe, and this is vsed when the wynd is contrary butt doth not overblowe, for then they cannot stopp att an Anchor, and if they keepe vnder a saile they will leese more in one Leeward tyde, then they shall gett in two wyndward tydes when they saye flowesflowes tyde and halfe tyde in anie place, the meaninge of it is thus (for the speech is most vnproper to Common vnder­ standinge, imployinge asmuch as if it did flowe a tyde and ahalfe in some places togeather and but halfe an ebb) that the tyde doth runn Three howers which is 4 poyntes longer in the Offinge then it doth by the Shoare: by longer is not meant fower howers for it doth ever Ebb and Flowe Sixe howers: But this If it be high water at the Shoare by Twelve a Clocke, it shall not be high water in the Offinge till it bee Three a Clocke, which is the Compasse and tyme for the runninge of halfe a Tyde: Soe accordinge as it Ebbs or flowes more they saye it runnes, Tide halfe and halfe quarter that is Five poyntes: when they come into an Harbour or over a sand, They saye they will bringe their Tide wth them: That is to come with the Flood wch may carry them over: Note that when it flowes tyde and halfe tyde; that though the tyde of Flood runne aloft yett the tyde of Ebb runns vnder foote, that is close by the ground, and soe the tyde of Ebb it will flowe vnder foote;/ Ties;/ Are Fower strond Ropes Hauser layde wch is in respect that this kinde of layinge doth not stretch soe much as Three strond ropes and besides runne smoother in the honndes: these are the Ropes by which the yardes doe hange, and doe carry vp the yardes when the Halliardes be strayned to hoise the yardes, The Maine yard and fore yard ties are first reeved through the Ram-heades, then through the honndes att the head of the Mast and soe with a Turne in the eyes of the slinges which are made fast in the yardes, they are seased fast and Close in the yard: The Missen yard and Top mast-yard have but single Ties, That is one doe runn in one parte: The Sprit saile yard hath none for it is made fast with a parie of slinges to the Bolt spritt;/ the Tiller; The Helme and the Tiller is allone There­ fore Vide Helme only the word Tiller is most properly vsed for that wch wee Steere the Boate by, as they say give me the Tiller of the Boate not the Helme, yett it is all one in vse;/ a Tire;/ When a decke hath Ordinance for and Aft though there want some, wee call that a tyre of Ordinance; Some shipps have two Tyre or Three; The forecastle and the halfe decke beinge furnished make halfe a Tyre, The Cabell Tyre; That is the Rowe which is in the Middle of the Cabell when it is Quoyled vp:/ Top armers,/ Are the Clothes which are tyed about the Ropes of the Mastes for shewe, and alsoe for to hide men in feight, which lie there to slinge fire bolees, vse smale shot or the like;/ Top gallant;/ Are the Mast a bove the Top mastes, these sailes doe drawe very much water wyndes in a Loone or fresh gale soe it blowe not to much;/ Top mast;/ The Topmastes are ever halfe soe longe as the Mast to which they belonge: But there is noe absolute proporcion in these or the like thinges, for if a man will have his Mastes short, he may the bolder make his Top mast longe;/ Top-ropes Are those Ropes wherewth wee sett or strike the Topmast: they belonge only to the Maine and fore Topmast: This Rope is Reeved through agreate Blocke, which is seased vnder the Cap, on one side, and then it is Reeved thorugh the Heele of the Top­ Mast where is a Brasse sheever which is placed Thwart ships, and then it is brought vp and made fast on the other side of the Cape wth a Clinch to a Ringe which is fastened to the Cap, the other parte Comes downe by the Tries, and soe is Reeved in the Knight and brought to the Cap staine when they heave it; to Towe;/ Is to dragg anie thinge a Sterne the shipe in the water, as to Towe the Boate, or to Towe a smale shipp or the like with a Hawser out a Stearne: The neere anie thinge is to the Boate or the like when it is Towed the lesse it doth hinder the shipps waye, but the further off the easier it is for that which is Towed for then the shipp will not give is such Twitches;/ Transom;/ That tymber which lyes a Thwart the Stearne of the shipp, be twixt the Two fashion peeces and doth laye out her breadth att the Buttocke is called the Transom this is most vnder the Gunnroome Porte a Stearne to lye with a ship Transom: That is to lye iust with the Planckes where they are fastened to the fashion peece a stearne, To come to a ships Transom That is iust betwixt the Gunnrooome Porte and her quarter Porte: This is the safest, cominge vp: for there shipps are most naked and there Gulleyes doe vse to come vp But now they begin to Cutt out Portes close by the Transom:/ Trauers;/ We call the waye of the shipp in respect of the poyntes wherein wee saile, and the Angles wch the shipp makes in goeing to and a gaine the Travers of the shipp: As wee say a Man doth Travers his ground when he goes in and out: wee vse to note how many howers a shipp hath gone vpon a Poynte, what sailes she hath forth how neere a wynde, and soe iudge what waye she makes This we sett downe vpon a paper besides the Platt which we call a Travers, and Then drawinge a Lyne from the place where we last weare to that place where the alst pricke or marke is we see in the whole, what course & how farr wee are gone: This we call a dead recconinge: Then if we can observe and finde the observacion, and this meete we are sure we are right otherwise we trust more to the obser­ vacion and reforme our reconinge by that Alsoe the layinge and removeinge of a peece of Ordinance till it come to lye with the marke Is called the Traversinge of the Peece;/ Trauers-bord; Is a board which they keepe in the Steeridge haveinge the 32 poyntes of the Compasse marked in it with little holes on every poynt like a noddy board: This is for him att the Helme to keepe as it were a score how many glasses they have gon vpon of the Compasse and soe sticke a pinne of that poynt This is to save the Master a laboure whoe Cannot with soe much Curiositie watch every wynd and Course soe exactly as he hath att Helme, especially when wee goe by a wynd, and the wynd veers and hales;/ Tree nailes;/ Quasi Nailes made of a Tree are the long woodden Pinnes made of the harte of Oake wherewth they fasten all the Planckes vnto the Tymbers for though wee Bolt the Buttheades for the better asureance and strenght yett the Tree nayles are they wch doe most fasten the Planckes for wee doe vse as little Iron vnder water as we may Conveniently, least the shipp should growe Iron sicke: These tree nayles must be well seasoned and not sappie for then the shipp wilbe Continually Leakie and it wilbe hard to finde: If a shipp by anie beatinge of the ground doe make or give backe, or come a little out a gaine: They terme it Startinge of a Tree naile;/ Tressell-trees Are ioyned to the Crosse trees and doe lie Close each other and serve to the same vse They differ only That the Tressell­ trees are those which goe longst ships The other Thwart Ships Vide Cross trees;/ To Trice;/ Is to hale vp anie thinge with a dead Rope That is when wee hale by a Rope that doth not runn in anie Blocke, or hold vp by anie device but by hand As if an emptie Caske be made fast to a Rope, that is noe Tackle they saye Trice it vpp: Or anie Chest or like goodes which is fastened to a Rope, and soe haled vpp by hand into a shipp, we call it haleinge by hand when wee have not the helpe of anie Capstaine, Tackle or the like, which might pur­ chase easier, but only doe it by the ymediat and only force of handes;/ To Trie;/ Tryinge is to have noe more saile fore but the Maine saile the Tacke a Bord, the Bow­ linge sett vpp, the sheate close Aft and the Helme tyded downe close a Board Some trye wth their Missen only, But that is when it blowes soe much that they cannot maynteyne the Maine saile A shipp a Trye with her mayne saile except it be an extraordinarie growne Sea, Beame, But with her Myssen not soe much;/ the Trim Though Commonly by the Trymm of the shipp is vnderstood the Swymminge of her either a head or a stearne, or on an even Keele, In whether of these the shipps goes best, that they Call her trymm But that is not only to be Counted her Trymm for some shipps will goe well or ill accordinge to the stayinge of the Mastes, the slacknesse of the shrowdes or the like: Therefore in my mynd, That order of her Swyminge con­ sidered with this fittinge of her Mastes and Ropes wherein the shipp sailes best should bee counted her Tryme and not only the Lyne of her swym­ minge in water: The wayes of fyndinge a shipps Tryme must be in saileinge with an other shipp to bringe her a head soe many glasses, Then a sterne as many, then one even Keele and that waye which she goes best is her Tryme in respect of her mould vnder water then to make her goe better ease the stayes or sett them vpp alsoe the shrowdes Then wedge the Mast or give it leave to playe, and soe in tyme it is eased wth a little diligences, to Fynd, the Tryme of a shipp next to man of warr to finde it whose daylie practice it is, The Scotchmen are the best in the world for they will neuer be quiett butt trye her allwayes, and if there be anie goodnesse in her they will make her goe;/ Catchword on the previous page, "her tryme", not completely carried over. the Trough of the Sea; That is in the hollow betwixt two waves when wee laye a shipp vnder the Sea: That is when wee laye her Broad side to the Sea wee saye she lyes in the Trough of the Sea;/ Truncks, Are those little woodden wheeles beinge Made wthout anie Spoakes that the Carriages of the Ordinance doe runne on: Alsoe those little round thinges of wood which belonge to the Parrells are called Truckes,/ Trunnions;/ Are those Knobbs which come from the side of the Ordinance and doe beare them vpp vpon the Cheekes of the Carriages;/ Trusses;/ Trusses, are Ropes which are made fast to the parparcell of the yardes and are vsed to two vses, one to bynd fast the yardes to the Mastes when she rowles either a Hull or at Anchor; The other is to hale downe the yardes in a Storme or Gust These be­ longe only to the Mayne yardes and fore yardes, and they are brought too but vpon Occation And alsoe to the Myssen which hath ever a Trusse;/ the Tuck, The word is significant for it is as you would saye the gatheringe vp of the ships quarter vnder water: If it lye lowe that makes the shipp have a flatt quarter and hinders the water from passinge swiftly to the Rudder: If it lye high the shipp must be well layed out in the quarteer else she will want beareinge for her after workes which beinge soe high and weightie doe charge a shipp much;/ to Turne;/ Vide Board: V Veere;/ To veere out a Rope is to putt it out by hand or to lett a runn out when as you may stop it as Veere more Cabell That is lett more runne out: Veere it is generally vsed to the letting out more ropes to those ropes wch are vsed wthoutboard as to the Boate rope logg lyne or anie Rope whereby wee towe any thinge but it is not vsed to anie Runninge Rope but only to the Sheates: Veere more sheate that is putt out, when the wynd doth goe in and out That is some tymes to one poynt some tymes to an other and that soddaynlie as in the storme it will very much they say the wynd doth Veere and Hull/ Veereinge When a shipp sayles and the Sheate is Veered Out wee saye she goes Veereinge, Vide large and Quarter wyndes for it is all one;/ a Violl When the Anchor is in such stiffe ground that we cannot weigh it, or else that the sea goes soe high that the Mayne Capstayne cannot purchase in the Cabell: Then for more helpe we take a Hawser & open one Strond And soe putt into it Nippers some 7 or 8 faddome distant from each other, and with these Nippers wee bynd fast the Hawser to the Cabell, and soe bringe the Hawser to the Ieere Capstayne and heave vpon it; and this will purchase more then the Mayne Capstayne cann: The vyall is fastened togeather att both endes with an eye and a walle Knott or else wth two eyes seased togeather;/ W To Waft To waft is to guard anie shipp or fleete at Sea; As wee call men of warre which Conduct Marchantes safe a longe, wafters Alsoe es Are tearmed when they make signes to have the Boate come a board which is a Coate, gowne or the like hunge vpp in the Shrowdes Alsoe it is a Common signe of some extremitie when a shipp doth hange a waft vpon the Mayne staye anie blanckettes gowne or the like hanginge out for a signe is called a waft which if it be hunge vpon the Mayne staye is a signe that the shipp hath sprunge a Leake or is in some distresse,/ the Wake;/ The wake of the shipp is the smoth water wch the shipp doth make a Stearne her, showinge the waye that the shipp hath gone in the sea: By this wee give a Iudgement what waye the shipp doth make: for if the wake be right the Stearne, then we knowe she makes her waye good as she lookes But if the wake be apoynt two or more to Leeward, Then the shipp goes to Leeward of her Course when a shipp doth staye a weather her wake: That is when shee doth not fall to Leeward it is a signe she feeles her helme well and is a nimble shipp: In Chaseinge they saye wee have gott her wake; that is wee are gott as farr into the wynd as shee, and soe goe right after her as she goes Wale;/ Vide Bend; Wale reared;/ That is when ashipp is buylt right vp After she comes to her beareinge: This is vnsightly and as they terme it not shipp-shapen, But it makes a shipp wthin board much more Roomyer and not the lesse wholsome shipp in The Sea if her beareinge be well layd out; Walt A ship is said to be walt when she hath not Ballast enough to keepe her stiffe to beare a saile:/ Warpe Is anie Rope which is vsed to warpe wth most Commonly is a Hawser: to Warpe; Is to have a Hawser or anie other Rope sufficient to Hale vpp the shipp, and an Anchor bent to it and soe they laye that out over the Barr, over which wee are to goe, and soe by that to hale the shipp foreward It is vsed when wee want a wynd to carry vs out or into a Harbor, and this is called warpinge;/ to Wash a ship That is vsed at Sea when wee cannot come a ground to Carrene her, Then wee make her heeld over with the Ordinance, and men vpon the yard Armes to a side, and soe wash that side and scrape it soe much as it is out of the water which is Commonly some Five or Sixe strookes: This is done in Calmes or in a Smooth roade;/ Wash of the shoare;/ That is Close by the Shoare;/ Wast Is that part of the Ship which is betweene the Maine-mast and the fore-castle. Word-entry absent from British Library Sloane MS 207 but found in British Library Additional MS 21571, fol. 148r. Wast boardes;/ Are the Boards which are sett vpp in the wast of a shipp betwixt the Gunnwall & the Mast­ trees: but they are most vsed for boates to be sett vp a longst the sides, to keepe the sea from breakinge into them;/ Wast Clothes; By a generall tearme all the Clothes wch are Round a bout the Cage worke of the Hull of the shipp are called wastclothes and are the same that wee call the feight of the shipp;/ Watch;/ At the sea the ships Company is divided into two partes, the one called the Starbord watch, the other the Larbord watch, The Master is the Cheife of the Starbord and his right hand Mates of the Larbord: these are in their turnes to watch, Tryme sailes Pumpe, and doe all duties for Fower howers, and then the other watch is to releive them, Fower howers they call a whole watch: In Harbor and Roades they watch but Quarter watch; that is when one quarter of the Company doe watch at a tyme;/ Water borne; That is when a ship is iust even off the ground, that she floates: Then she is water borne;/ the water-lyne Is that tyme which the Ship wrightes doe pretend should be the depth which the shipp should swyme in when she is laden both a head and Starne for you must knowe a shipp never drawes soe much a head as she doth a Starne, for if she should, she would never Steere well;/ Water shott Is a kinde of Mooreinge, that is to laye the Anchors not Crosse the tyde, nor right vp and downe the tyde, but as you would saye betwixt both That is quarteringe;/ the Water waye The smale peece of lead or Tymber wch has fore and Aft on all the ships deckes close by the sides, which is to keepe the water from runninge downe there is Called the water­ waye Waueinge;/ Is makinge a signe for a shipp or a Boate to come towardes them, or else to goe from them as the signe is made, either towardes or fromwardes the shipp;/ Way of a ship The Rake and runne of a shipp is called her waye forward on, or aftward on; Alsoe when she sayles a place they will saye the ship hath good waye, fresh waye or the like: likewise in castinge the dead recnynge, they allowe her Leeward waye; That is soe much as she drives to Leeward from that she seems to goe;/ to Weather;/ That is to goe to wyndward of a place or shipp: Somtymes wee are embayed soe that wee cannot weather a headland to gett cleere and then we must doe our best to turne in and out till wee can have a faire wynd to Clawe it off;/ Weather-bowe That is the Bowe next weather and soe of all partes of the ship or anie thinge that is to the wyndward most side wee saye it is the weather parte or the weather &c.;/ to Weather Coyle;/ Is when a shipp is a Hull to laye her head the other waye, wthout looseinge anie sayle wch is only donne by beareinge vpp the Helme, It is an excellent Condicion in a shipp; for most shipps will not weather coyle: the vse of it is: that when wee desire, to drive with her head the other way a Hull, then wee neede not open anie sayle, wherewth before the shipp can come neere she will runne a greate waye to Leeward when once she is before the wynde and sea vnder saile;/ Wedges;/ Wee vse to make fast the Mast in the Partners with wedges, and alsoe to putt A wedge into the heeles of the Top Mast, to beare vpp the Top mast vpon the Tressell trees;/ the Whelps;/ Are the Brackettes sett to the body of the Capstaine close vnder the Barres downe to the decke, and are they which give the sweepe to the Capstayne: These are made soe in partes that the Cabell may not bee apt to surge, as it would if it did Runn vpon a whole round body:/ the Whip;/ Is that staffe which the Steeres man doth holde in his hand whereby it governes the Helme and doth port it soe from one side to an other: It hath a Ringe att one end which is putt over the end of the Helme, and soe comes through the Rowle vp into the Steeridge: In greate­ ships they are not vsed for by reason of the weight of the Rudder and the water which lyes vpon it a fowle weather, they are not able to governe the Helme with a whipp because conveniently there can stand but one Man att the shipp;/ Whoodding;/ The Planckes which wch are ioyned and fastened a gainst the shipp sides into the Stem are called the whooddinges;/ wynde;/ To wynde a shipp is to bringe her head aboute either with the boate or some oares out of her Hawse, or Sterne post, if she be a smale ship: The shipp wyndes vpp, That is when she comes to ryde by her Anchore, when they are vnder sayle they vse to aske, how wyndes the shipp: that is vpon what poynt the Compasse doth lye with her head;/ Wyndinge tackl; The wyndinge Tackle is thus fitted A great double bocke with three sheevers in it, which is fast seased to the end of a smale Cabell which is brought about the head of the Mast, and soe serves for a Pendant this hath a Guye brought to it, from the fore mat to the Blocke there is reeved a Hawser, which is alsoe reeved through an other double bocke haveinge a Strapp att thee end of it wch strapp beinge putt through the eye of the slinges is locked into it with a Fidd and soe hoises the goodes: the fall is reeved into the Snatch blocke and soe brought to the Cap stayne whereby they heave in the goodes;/ a Wyndlasse;/ Is a peece of tymber haveinge some sixe or eight squares, and is placed from one side of the shipp to the other close abast the Stem aloft where the Cabells come in ; These are neuer vsed in our greate shipps: But the Fleminges doe vse them in good ships: The reason is for that they goe very slightly Mand: And the wyndlas doth purchase much moore then a Cap stayne, and noe danger to the Men: For the wyndlasse they heave about with hand speakes putt into holes made at either end And though they cannot heave foreward, or one should faile the windlasse will Paule it selfe: But att the Capstayne if anie faile: It may be the rest wilbe throwne from the Capstayne, and their braynes beates out a gainst the shipp sides, if they way in a Sea gate: But the Chap stayne doth purchase faster by much And therefore, wee haveinge men enough To Man it doe vse that; They have a wyndlasse Alsoe in the head of the Boate to wey the Anchor by the Buoy Rope;/ Wynd-taught Anie thinge which holdes wynd a loft, which may preiudice the shipps sayleinge or ryding is said to be wynd taught, as too much rigginge, high Poopes and the like, Alsoe when wee ride in anie greate stresse wee bringe our yardes alongst shipps strike downe our Top Mastes and the like because they hold wynd taught, is as much as stiffe, in the sence of sea langwage, as sett taught the Shrowdes: That is sett them stiffe;/ Wood & wood, That is when two tymbers are lett into each other soe close that the wood of the one doth ioyne close to the other;/ a Worme;/ Is an Iron on the end of a Staffe where­ wth wee drawe out the shott of a Peece if there be anie occasion;/ Worminge;/ Is the layinge of a smale Rope or lyne a longst the shrowdes of a Cabell or hawser: the vse whereof is to helpe to strengthen the Cabell or Rope to which it is vsed: The Flemminges vse this to newe Ropes, others to old Ropes that are allmost decayed;/ Would or woulding Is to bynd Ropes a bout anie Mastes, yard or the like, to keepe on a fish, or somewhat to strenghten it: Sometymes when the whood­ inges give waye, by the overcharginge of the Bolt spritt, they are fayne to would to the Bowes, which they doe by passeinge a Cabell through both sides, and soe bringing it in a gaine and with hand speekes to twist it to geather as stronge as may be, we neuer fish anie mast, or yard but wee would it alsoe, And that is called the wouldinge of the Mastes or yardes: Alsoe those Ropes which come from the Beakhead, over the Boltspritt and lash it fast downe, from ryseinge att the Pillowe, are called the wouldinges of the Bolt-spritt;/ Y yard;/ As the length of the Mastes are proportioned by the breadth of the Beame, soe contrary­ wise the length of the yard is proportioned by the length of her Keele: The proporcion of this is not absolute: For he whoe will have a Taunt Mat may have the narrower yardes and soe contrary, But the best and most absolute that is agreed on is this: The Mayne-yard of the ship is to be 5/6 partes of the Length of her Keele, The Topsayle yard to be 3/7 of the Mayne yard, and the Mayne yard for bignesse is to be 3/4 of an inch for a yard in length, the length of the fore yard is to be 4/5 of the Mayne yard: The Crosse iacke yard, and Spritt-saile yard is to be all of a length: But allowe the Myssen yardes and Spritt sayles yardes 1/2 an inch thicknesse to a yard in length Topp the yard That is make them hange even: the Clewe lynes doe properly topp the Mayne and fore yardes: but when the topp sailes are Stowed Then the topp saile Sheates will topp them: Brase the yard: That is travers aft that yard Arme whose Brase is Haled, And by the Brases wee square the yardes: That is make them hange right a Crosse, and one yard arme, not Traversed more then an other. If the shrowdes be sett to forward they will hinder the Traversinge of the yard: Trauersinge the yard is to brase aft the yard;/ a yawe; When the shipp is not steered Steddy but she goes in and out with her head, they say she yawes: This doth much hinder a shipps waye and therefore when a Man of warr is in Chase he doth putt such to the Helme whoe can keepe her steddyest, and evenest vpon a poynt; wch is done only by care and iudgment to meete her with the helme before the head fall of or else come to;/ a Yoake;/ When the sea is soe rought that men cannot governe the Helme with their handes; Then they sease two blockes to the Helme on each side att the e and Reevinge two falls through them like Gunners tackles bringe them to the shipps sides, and soe hange some att one Tackle, and some at an other, they gouerne the Helme as they are directed There is alsoe an other waye of takeinge a double turne aboute the End of the Helme with a single Rope, The e beinge belayd fast to the shipp sides By this they maye guide the Helme but not with soe much ease as the other waye now ether of these is Called a yoake to Steere by